哀牢山紫茎泽兰入侵群落主要物种种间联结及环境解释

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.009

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 1370-1382.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.009

哀牢山紫茎泽兰入侵群落主要物种种间联结及环境解释

姜倪皓¹(), 张世浩², 张诗函³^,^*()

1.楚雄师范学院资源环境与化学学院,云南楚雄 675000
2.河池学院化学与生物工程学院,广西河池 546300
3.楚雄师范学院教育学院,云南楚雄 675000

收稿日期:2022-03-28 出版日期:2022-07-18 发布日期:2022-08-31
通讯作者: ^*张诗函（1993年生）,女,助教,硕士,主要从事教育学相关研究。E-mail: zsh1993@cxtc.edu.cn
^*张诗函（1993年生）,女,助教,硕士,主要从事教育学相关研究。E-mail: zsh1993@cxtc.edu.cn
作者简介:姜倪皓（1990年生）,男（彝族）,讲师,博士,主要从事种群生态及农业生态相关研究。E-mail: jnhskip@cxtc.edu.cn
基金资助:
云南省教育厅科研基金项目(2020J0759)

Interspecific Associations and Environmental Interpretation of the Dominant Species of the Communities Invaded by Ageratina adenophora in Ailao Mountains

JIANG Nihao¹(), ZHANG Shihao², ZHANG Shihan³^,^*()

1. School of Resources, Environment and Chemistry, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, P. R. China
2. School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, P. R. China
3. School of Education, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, P. R. China

Received:2022-03-28 Online:2022-07-18 Published:2022-08-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探索哀牢山紫茎泽兰（Ageratina adenophora）入侵群落主要物种种间联结和物种分布与环境因子的关系,为该区域紫茎泽兰入侵后植物群落的管理以及本土生物多样性保护提供理论依据。在野外调查的基础上,采用χ²检验、方差比率法、联结系数和Spearman相关分析研究物种的种间联结,采用冗余分析、方差分解、多元逐步回归分析、随机森林模型和结构方程模型探索环境因子对主要物种分布和紫茎泽兰入侵的影响。结果表明,（1）紫茎泽兰的重要值和生态位宽度最大,占显著优势地位,伴生种中里白（Diplopterygium glaucum）和虎杖（Reynoutria japonica）的重要值较大,同时二者与紫茎泽兰的生态位重叠指数均大于0.5。（2）入侵群落总体呈现显著负关联,群落处于非稳定状态,而紫茎泽兰与里白和虎杖均具有极显著的负联结关系。（3）对紫茎泽兰入侵群落主要物种组成影响显著的环境因子为有效钾、土壤温度、土壤pH值,土壤因子是影响群落物种组成变异的最主要因素。（4）土壤全磷与入侵植物入侵强度指数及群落可入侵性指数呈显著负相关,有效钾与群落稳定性指数呈显著负相关。基于生态效益和经济效益的整体性原则,未来或可考虑利用里白和虎杖对哀牢山地区的紫茎泽兰进行替代控制。

关键词: 紫茎泽兰, 生物入侵, 种间关联, 环境因子, 哀牢山

Abstract:

The relationships between interspecific associations and species distributions and environmental factors in the Ageratina adenophora community in the Ailao Mountains were investigated, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the management of the plant communities and the conservation of native biodiversity in the region after the invasion of A. adenophora. Based on the field data collected, interspecific associations were investigated by using the chi-square test, variance ratio (VR), association coefficient (AC) and Spearman’s correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis (RDA), variation partitioning analyses, multiple stepwise regression, random forest and structural equation modeling were used to explore the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of dominant species and on the invasion of A. adenophora. Our results showed that (1) the importance value and niche breadth of A. adenophora were the highest, showing its dominant position. The main accompanying species were Diplopterygium glaucum, and Reynoutria japonica, and the niche overlap values of both with A. denophora were more than 0.5. (2) The overall interspecific associations were significantly negative among the main species, and the whole community was unstable. A. adenophora had negative significant associations with both D. glaucum and R. japonica. (3) Soil available potassium, soil temperature and soil pH were the most important factors affecting dominant species composition and distribution in the invaded community. (4) Soil total phosphorus was significantly negatively correlated with the invasion intensity index of alien invasive plants and community invasibility index, and available potassium was significantly negatively correlated with the community stability index. Based on the comprehensive consideration of ecological and economic benefits, we suggested that D. glaucum and R. japonica could be used as replacement plants for replacement control of A. adenophora in the Ailao Mountains.

Key words: Ageratina adenophora, biological invasion, interspecific association, environmental factors, Ailao Mountain

中图分类号:

Q948
X17

姜倪皓, 张世浩, 张诗函. 哀牢山紫茎泽兰入侵群落主要物种种间联结及环境解释[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(7): 1370-1382.

JIANG Nihao, ZHANG Shihao, ZHANG Shihan. Interspecific Associations and Environmental Interpretation of the Dominant Species of the Communities Invaded by Ageratina adenophora in Ailao Mountains[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(7): 1370-1382.

图/表 13

图1 研究区位置

Figure 1 Location of study area

表1 草本层优势种重要值及其生态位宽度

Table 1 Importance value and niche breadth of dominant species in herbaceous layer

编号 No.	物种 Species	重要值 Important value/%	变异系数 Coefficient of Variation/%	生态位宽度 Niche breadth
S1	土蜜树 Bridelia tomentosa	3.01	24.51	0.41
S2	羊耳菊 Inula cappa	2.10	15.47	0.40
S3	石海椒 Reinwardtia indica	5.71	17.32	0.34
S4	里白 Diplopterygium glaucum	22.31	14.50	0.76
S5	虎杖 Reynoutria japonica	7.89	15.38	0.47
S6	紫茎泽兰 Ageratina adenophora	28.90	10.50	0.79
S7	白蒿 Herba artimisiae	2.30	17.76	0.52
S8	芒萁 Dicranopteris dichotoma	1.3	28.65	0.59
S9	白茅 Imperata cylindrica	2.33	13.27	0.58
S10	野豌豆 Vicia sepium	2.52	14.43	0.35

表2 紫茎泽兰群落主要优势种间的生态位相似性比例（对角线上）和生态位重叠指数（对角线下）

Table 2 Niche similarity (above the diagonal) and niche overlap (below the diagonal) of dominant plant species in Ageratina adenophora community

编号 No.	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6	S7	S8	S9	S10
S1		0.513	0.000	0.000	0.065	0.356	0.000	0.000	0.955	0.000
S2	0.718		0.000	0.000	0.045	0.185	0.000	0.000	0.558	0.000
S3	0.000	0.000		0.348	0.000	0.347	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
S4	0.000	0.000	0.471		0.652	0.642	0.652	0.652	0.000	0.652
S5	0.070	0.053	0.000	0.880		0.362	0.935	0.935	0.065	0.924
S6	0.614	0.432	0.599	0.735	0.554		0.297	0.297	0.356	0.297
S7	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.882	0.997	0.512		0.981	0.000	0.968
S8	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.881	0.996	0.511	0.999		0.000	0.987
S9	0.996	0.778	0.000	0.000	0.070	0.611	0.000	0.000		0.000
S10	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.879	0.994	0.509	0.998	1.000	0.000

表3 主要物种间的总体联结性

Table 3 Overall interspecific associations among dominant species

方差比率 Variance ratio (R_v)	检验统计量 Test statistics (W)	χ²临界值 χ²thershold (χ²_0.95, χ²_0.05)	测度结果 Measurement results
0.181	16.25	(69.13, 113.14)	显著负关联 Significantly negative correlation

图2 主要物种的χ2检验（A）、联结系数（Cr）（B）和Spearman秩相关分析（C）半矩阵图编号对应物种见表1

Figure 2 Semi-matrix diagram of χ2-test coefficient (a), association coefficient (b) and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients of interspecific association among main species Species numbers are shown in Table 1

表4 群落稳定性分析结果（M. Godron法）

Table 4 Results of community stability (M. Godron’s method)

曲线类型 Type of curve	决定系数 Determination coefficient (r²)	交点坐标 Nodal corrdinate		测度结果 Measurement results
曲线类型 Type of curve	决定系数 Determination coefficient (r²)	x	y	测度结果 Measurement results
y= -0.0065x²+ 1.5437x+8.1539	0.802	40.25	59.75	不稳定 Unstable

表5 物种分布与入侵相关指数沿环境因子的RDA排序结果

Table 5 RDA calculation of species distribution and invasion-related indexes along environmental gradients

项目 Item	物种分布 Species distribution		入侵相关指数 Invasion-related index
项目 Item	轴1 Axis 1	轴2 Axis 2	轴1 Axis 1	轴2 Axis 2
特征值 Eigenvalue	0.764	0.022	0.791	0.015
物种-环境相关系数 Species-environment correlation coefficient	0.886	0.948	0.898	0.903
物种环境关系的累积解释 Cumulative percentage variance of species-environment relation/%	76.40	78.65	79.18	80.69

表6 环境因子与RDA排序轴之间的相关系数

Table 6 Correlation coefficients between RDA axis and environment factors

环境因子 Environment factors	物种分布 Species distribution					入侵相关指数 Invasion-related index
环境因子 Environment factors	轴1 Axis 1	轴2 Axis 2	解释率 Contribution/%	F	P	轴1 Axis 1	轴2 Axis 2	解释率 Contribution/%	F	P
AN	0.091	-0.125	1.7	0.5	0.52	0.192	-0.436	0.3	0.1	0.806
AK	0.781**	-0.385	47	11.5	0.008**	0.848	-0.377	12.8	2.3	0.306
AP	0.289	-0.363	0.7	0.2	0.672	0.451	-0.096	0.9	0.1	0.804
pH	-0.144	-0.821**	13.7	4.2	0.007**	0.334	-0.061	0.1	0.1	0.97
SWC	0.355	0.182	3.6	1	0.35	0.442	0.454	4.6	1.9	0.166
ST	-0.032	0.238*	19.5	7.5	0.024*	-0.269	-0.107	0.2	0.1	0.884
EC	-0.209	-0.083	0.7	0.2	0.628	-0.317	-0.386	3.2	1.3	0.274
CC	0.257	0.241	1.3	0.2	0.618	0.103	0.368	1.1	0.3	0.666
A	-0.379	-0.628	1	0.2	0.682	-0.136	0.015	2.6	0.8	0.468
TN	-0.364	-0.646	1.1	0.1	0.796	-0.119	-0.042	0.4	0.1	0.808
TK	-0.774	0.411	1.6	0.5	0.498	-0.901	0.162	0.6	0.2	0.704
TP	-0.759	0.550	6.4	2.1	0.166	-0.911**	0.253	65.7	24.9	0.002**
SOM	-0.334	-0.604	1.7	0.2	0.654	-0.111	-0.012	1.9	0.8	0.458
SA	0.125	-0.162	1.6	0.5	0.468	0.251	-0.046	1.2	1.3	0.369

图3 物种分布（A）和入侵相关指数（B）沿环境因子的RDA二维排序图红色箭头线段表示具有显著影响的环境因子;编号对应物种见表1;pH：土壤pH;SA：坡向;EC：电导率;SOM：土壤有机质;TN：全氮;CC：郁闭度;AN：有效氮;SWC：土壤含水量;AK：有效钾;A：海拔;TP：全磷;TK：全钾;AP：有效磷;Iii：入侵植物入侵强度指数;Cii：群落可入侵性指数;ICV：群落稳定性指数

Figure 3 Two-dimensional RDA ordination diagram of species (A) and invasion-related indexes (B) along environmental gradients The red arrows lines represent the factors with significant effects. Species numbers are shown in Table 1; pH: soil pH; SA: slope aspect; EC: Electric conductivity; SOM: Soil organic matter; TN: Total nitrogen; CC: Canopy closure; AN: available nitrogen; SWC: Soil water content; AK: available potassium: A: Altitude; TP: Total phosphorus; TK: Total potassium; AP: Available phosphorus; Iii: Invasion intensity index of alien invasive plants; Cii: Community invasibility index; ICV: Community stability index

图4 环境因子对物种分布（A）和入侵相关指数（B）的解释率

Figure 4 Explanatory power of different environmental factors for species distribution (A) and invasion-related indexes (B)

表7 入侵相关指数与环境因子的逐步回归分析

Table 7 Stepwise regression analysis of intrusion-related indexes and environmental factors

入侵相关指数 Intrusion-related index	逐步回归方程 Stepwise regression equation	调整后决定系数 Adjusted R square (R²_adj)	F	P	容忍度 Tolerance
入侵植物入侵强度指数 Invasion intensity index of alien invasive plants (I_ii)	I_ii=1.125-0.029w_(TP)	0.639	25.82	0.001^**	1.000
群落可入侵性指数 Community invasibility index (C_ii)	C_ii=1.084-0.130w_(TP)	0.665	25.82	0.002^**	1.000
群落稳定性指数 Community stability index (I_CV)	I_CV=0.661-0.006w_(AK)	0.442	12.10	0.004^**	1.000

图5 环境因子对入侵植物入侵强度指数（A）、群落可入侵性指数（B）、群落稳定性指数（C）的重要性环境因子简写详见图3。下同

Figure 5 Importance of environmental factors to invasion intensity index of alien invasive plants (A), community invasibility index (B) and community stability index (C), respectively Abbreviation of environmental factors are the same as in Fig. 3. The same below

图6 入侵植物入侵强度指数（A）、群落可入侵性指数（B）、群落稳定性指数（C）与环境因子结构方程模型箭头上的数字是标准化路径系数;R2表示解释率;*P<0.05;**P<0.01

Figure 6 Structural equation model for invasion intensity index of alien invasive plants (A), community invasibility index (B), community stability index (C) and environmental factors The standard path coefficients were shown on arrows; R2 means the rate of explanation; * P<0.05;** P<0.01

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哀牢山紫茎泽兰入侵群落主要物种种间联结及环境解释

Interspecific Associations and Environmental Interpretation of the Dominant Species of the Communities Invaded by Ageratina adenophora in Ailao Mountains

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