河西走廊荒漠植物多样性及其对环境因子的响应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.03.001

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 429-438.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.03.001

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

河西走廊荒漠植物多样性及其对环境因子的响应

李善家¹^,²(), 王兴敏¹, 刘海锋¹, 孙梦格¹, 雷雨昕¹

1.兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院，甘肃兰州 730000
2.中国科学院寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2022-08-22 出版日期:2023-03-18 发布日期:2023-06-02
作者简介:李善家（1980年生），男，教授，博士，主要从事荒漠植物逆境生理生态的研究。E-mail: lishanjia@lut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41961007);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(21YF5FA082);兰州市科技计划项目(2017-4-94)

Diversity of Desert Plants in Hexi Corridor and Its Response to Environmental Factors

LI Shanjia¹^,²(), WANG Xingmin¹, LIU Haifeng¹, SUN Mengge¹, LEI Yuxin¹

1. School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
2. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions/Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R China

Received:2022-08-22 Online:2023-03-18 Published:2023-06-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究河西走廊荒漠植物多样性结构特征及其对环境因子的响应有利于保护干旱区植物多样性、维持荒漠生态系统稳定。沿河西走廊由东南至西北方向自然降水递减梯度设置样带，探讨荒漠植物α、β多样性的变化规律及其对环境因子的响应。研究结果显示，（1）Margalef丰富度指数（R）范围为1.22-8.22，Simpson优势度指数（D）范围为0.25-0.97，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H'）范围为0.05-1.52，Pielou均匀度指数（E）范围为0.08—0.90。河西走廊荒漠植物物种数少且分布不均，少数物种占据较大优势。（2）表征β多样性的Bray-Curtis距离指数（d_BC）普遍较高，河西走廊东、中部样带间d_BC平均值为0.91，西部样带间d_B_C平均值为0.78。东、中部样带（年均降水量大于50 mm）与西部样带（年均降水量约50 mm）之间d_BC大都为1.00，说明东中部与西部之间荒漠植物相似性极低。（3）α多样性和环境因子的Spearman分析和冗余分析（Redundancy Analysis，RDA）表明，α多样性的变化由比湿、年均风速、年均降水量、短波辐射总强度、土壤含水量、土壤氮磷等因素解释，其中比湿、年均风速的解释率较高，分别为35.4%、19.8%。（4）β多样性和环境因子的Mantel检验表明，β多样性与土壤、气候和经纬度都显著相关，其中表征水分的比湿、年均降水量相关系数较高，分别为0.40、0.36。综上所述，水分是影响河西走廊荒漠植物多样性的主要因子，年均风速、年均温度、辐射总强度、土壤养分等也会影响植物多样性。

关键词: 河西走廊, 荒漠植物, α多样性, β多样性, 环境因子, 冗余分析, Mantel检验

Abstract:

The study of the structural characteristics of desert plant diversity in Hexi Corridor and its response to environmental factors is conducive to protecting plant diversity in fragile arid areas and maintaining the stability of desert ecosystem. This paper explored the changing rules of α and β diversity of desert plants in Hexi Corridor and their responses to environmental factors by setting up sample plots along the decreasing natural precipitation gradients from southeast to northwest in Hexi Corridor. The results showed that (1) Margalef richness index (R) ranged from 1.22 to 8.22, Simpson dominance index (D) ranged from 0.25 to 0.97, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') ranged from 0.05 to 1.52, and Pielou evenness index (E) ranged from 0.08 to 0.90, indicating that desert plant species in Hexi Corridor are small in number and unevenly distributed, and a few species show a great advantage. (2) In terms of plant β diversity, Bray-Curtis distance index (d_BC) was generally high, the average value of Bray-Curtis distance index in the east and middle of Hexi corridor was 0.91, and that in the west was 0.78. The average value of the Bray-Curtis distance index between the eastern and central sample plots (the average annual precipitation was more than 50 mm) and the western sample plots (the average annual precipitation was about 50 mm) was mostly 1.00, indicating that the similarity of desert plants between the eastern and western regions is extremely low. (3) Spearman analysis and redundancy analysis of α diversity and environmental factors showed that α diversity was affected by soil water content, soil nitrogen and phosphorus, specific humidity, average annual wind speed, average mean precipitation and short wave radiation, among which specific humidity and average annual wind speed had higher explanation rates, which were 35.4% and 19.8% respectively. (4) Mantel test of β diversity and environmental factors showed that β diversity is significantly related to soil, climate, latitude and longitude. Compared with other environmental factors, the specific humidity and average mean precipitation had higher correlation coefficients, which were 0.40 and 0.36 respectively. To sum up, the plant diversity in Hexi Corridor desert is under a combined influence of water, average annual wind speed, average mean temperature, total radiation intensity and soil nutrients, with water playing the major role.

Key words: Hexi Corridor, desert plants, α diversity, β diversity, climatic factors, redundancy analysis, Mantel test

中图分类号:

李善家, 王兴敏, 刘海锋, 孙梦格, 雷雨昕. 河西走廊荒漠植物多样性及其对环境因子的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(3): 429-438.

LI Shanjia, WANG Xingmin, LIU Haifeng, SUN Mengge, LEI Yuxin. Diversity of Desert Plants in Hexi Corridor and Its Response to Environmental Factors[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(3): 429-438.

图/表 10

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样带编号	行政区	海拔/ m	纬度 (N)	经度 (E)	年均降水量/ mm	年均温度/ ℃	比湿/ (g·kg^-1)	长波辐射总强度/ (W·m^-2)	短波辐射总强度/ (W·m^-2)	年均风速/ (m·s^-1)
HX1	古浪县黄花滩	1780.60	103°19′	37°38′	467.77	3.43	3.39	230.35	219.38	4.66
HX2	古浪县南湖乡	1494.80	102°52′	38°02′	241.37	10.83	4.04	260.84	213.99	4.61
HX3	民勤县红崖山水库	1399.50	102°48′	38°27′	202.34	10.44	3.87	258.23	215.34	4.67
HX4	民勤县青土湖	1310.50	103°39′	39°09′	151.37	9.78	3.65	255.72	215.60	5.83
HX5	张掖市	1790.30	100°23′	38°42′	697.72	-2.75	2.46	200.71	229.89	3.76
HX6	张掖市	1590.50	100°15′	38°54′	460.78	2.15	3.09	221.16	226.93	3.71
HX7	临泽县-工程	1340.50	99°45′	39°27′	187.05	10.03	3.64	252.56	213.89	3.94
HX8	高台县	1400.50	100°07′	39°24′	126.55	11.51	3.67	260.10	214.57	4.28
HX9	临泽县	1380.20	100°08′	39°21′	126.55	11.51	3.67	260.10	214.57	4.28
HX10	临泽县	1382.80	100°09′	39°22′	126.55	11.51	3.67	260.10	214.57	4.28
HX11	瓜州县昌马水库	1716.40	96°47′	40°09′	89.03	8.50	2.79	236.74	221.83	5.94
HX12	瓜州县布隆吉乡	1370.20	96°26′	40°26′	53.51	12.02	3.14	254.31	219.37	5.59
HX13	瓜州县城东	1200.40	95°55′	40°31′	38.35	13.28	3.06	260.23	219.29	5.15
HX14	瓜州县城西	1149.10	95°37′	40°33′	33.96	13.69	3.06	262.27	217.26	5.03
HX15	瓜州县北夹湖	1067.20	94°55′	40°35′	28.16	13.74	2.95	262.75	216.22	4.86
HX16	瓜州县西湖乡北	1076.10	95°04′	40°36′	27.88	13.91	3.02	263.33	216.86	4.94

样带编号	行政区	海拔/ m	纬度 (N)	经度 (E)	年均降水量/ mm	年均温度/ ℃	比湿/ (g·kg^-1)	长波辐射总强度/ (W·m^-2)	短波辐射总强度/ (W·m^-2)	年均风速/ (m·s^-1)
HX1	古浪县黄花滩	1780.60	103°19′	37°38′	467.77	3.43	3.39	230.35	219.38	4.66
HX2	古浪县南湖乡	1494.80	102°52′	38°02′	241.37	10.83	4.04	260.84	213.99	4.61
HX3	民勤县红崖山水库	1399.50	102°48′	38°27′	202.34	10.44	3.87	258.23	215.34	4.67
HX4	民勤县青土湖	1310.50	103°39′	39°09′	151.37	9.78	3.65	255.72	215.60	5.83
HX5	张掖市	1790.30	100°23′	38°42′	697.72	-2.75	2.46	200.71	229.89	3.76
HX6	张掖市	1590.50	100°15′	38°54′	460.78	2.15	3.09	221.16	226.93	3.71
HX7	临泽县-工程	1340.50	99°45′	39°27′	187.05	10.03	3.64	252.56	213.89	3.94
HX8	高台县	1400.50	100°07′	39°24′	126.55	11.51	3.67	260.10	214.57	4.28
HX9	临泽县	1380.20	100°08′	39°21′	126.55	11.51	3.67	260.10	214.57	4.28
HX10	临泽县	1382.80	100°09′	39°22′	126.55	11.51	3.67	260.10	214.57	4.28
HX11	瓜州县昌马水库	1716.40	96°47′	40°09′	89.03	8.50	2.79	236.74	221.83	5.94
HX12	瓜州县布隆吉乡	1370.20	96°26′	40°26′	53.51	12.02	3.14	254.31	219.37	5.59
HX13	瓜州县城东	1200.40	95°55′	40°31′	38.35	13.28	3.06	260.23	219.29	5.15
HX14	瓜州县城西	1149.10	95°37′	40°33′	33.96	13.69	3.06	262.27	217.26	5.03
HX15	瓜州县北夹湖	1067.20	94°55′	40°35′	28.16	13.74	2.95	262.75	216.22	4.86
HX16	瓜州县西湖乡北	1076.10	95°04′	40°36′	27.88	13.91	3.02	263.33	216.86	4.94

样带编号	荒漠类型	pH	电导率 γ/ (mS·cm^-1)	w_{(土壤水分)}/ %	w_(有机碳)/ (mg·g^-1)	w_(速效磷)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w_(速效钾)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w_(速效氮)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w_(全磷)/ (mg·g^-1)	w_(全钾)/ (mg·g^-1)	w_(全氮)/ (mg·g^-1)
HX1	山前砾漠、壤漠	8.67±0.04	0.85±0.01	4.64±0.12	0.22±0.06	68.52±3.17	174.21±7.77	21.05±1.25	0.36±0.02	0.80±0.07	0.28±0.06
HX2	沙漠	8.89±0.04	0.09±0.00	1.51±0.04	0.02±0.00	62.61±2.49	93.73±1.99	10.54±0.57	0.11±0.04	0.20±0.00	0.19±0.06
HX3	沙漠	8.75±0.02	0.48±0.01	0.47±0.03	0.03±0.00	117.12±12.04	29.85±1.72	15.22±2.15	0.17±0.03	0.61±0.00	0.24±0.04
HX4	沙漠	9.20±0.01	0.17±0.00	0.63±0.05	0.06±0.01	81.20±2.15	240.76±3.12	11.32±0.37	0.20±0.03	0.29±0.00	0.23±0.07
HX5	山前壤漠	8.60±0.02	3.32±0.01	2.07±0.09	0.23±0.02	229.45±3.16	156.78±1.95	15.12±1.81	0.65±0.01	0.99±0.01	0.44±0.05
HX6	山前壤漠	9.28±0.01	0.75±0.03	1.02±0.07	0.21±0.01	189.76±3.41	157.45±5.25	26.88±3.01	0.20±0.01	0.47±0.01	0.41±0.05
HX7	壤漠	9.24±0.02	1.44±0.03	0.50±0.06	0.23±0.02	270.32±4.75	120.84±0.96	10.92±0.51	0.26±0.02	0.22±0.01	0.12±0.03
HX8	壤漠	8.89±0.02	0.07±0.01	0.52±0.03	0.16±0.01	242.56±4.29	87.01±13.24	9.24±1.12	0.03±0.01	1.62±0.08	0.22±0.03
HX9	壤漠	8.87±0.03	1.70±0.03	0.94±0.02	0.12±0.00	252.31±2.81	114.64±1.73	12.60±1.19	0.29±0.03	0.48±0.02	0.15±0.03
HX10	壤漠	8.84±0.03	1.23±0.02	0.82±0.01	1.55±0.31	210.29±2.47	210.29±2.87	14.28±0.43	0.26±0.05	0.46±0.01	0.14±0.04
HX11	山前砾漠、壤漠	8.98±0.04	0.22±0.00	0.67±0.05	0.14±0.03	60.91±1.13	45.80±1.40	15.20±1.61	0.24±0.02	0.61±0.01	0.26±0.05
HX12	山前砾漠、壤漠	9.40±0.01	0.32±0.01	4.07±0.13	0.29±0.11	68.41±2.08	133.18±2.47	17.15±1.24	0.33±0.01	0.27±0.04	0.22±0.05
HX13	砾漠、壤漠	8.97±0.02	1.32±0.03	2.57±0.05	0.18±0.05	58.28±1.52	70.71±1.87	30.77±1.37	0.30±0.01	0.21±0.00	0.23±0.03
HX14	砾漠、壤漠	8.51±0.01	0.01±0.00	12.88±0.21	0.45±0.02	98.57±1.66	66.65±4.71	69.67±3.41	0.67±0.06	1.55±0.04	0.51±0.03
HX15	砾漠、壤漠	8.39±0.01	2.35±0.07	4.61±0.35	0.46±0.03	63.89±2.01	175.84±0.87	58.03±3.64	0.51±0.00	0.45±0.00	0.27±0.03
HX16	砾漠、壤漠	8.58±0.01	6.68±0.13	8.85±0.95	0.26±0.12	161.61±2.16	197.90±0.98	46.47±2.53	0.32±0.01	0.86±0.03	0.40±0.03

样带编号	荒漠类型	pH	电导率 γ/ (mS·cm^-1)	w_{(土壤水分)}/ %	w_(有机碳)/ (mg·g^-1)	w_(速效磷)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w_(速效钾)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w_(速效氮)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w_(全磷)/ (mg·g^-1)	w_(全钾)/ (mg·g^-1)	w_(全氮)/ (mg·g^-1)
HX1	山前砾漠、壤漠	8.67±0.04	0.85±0.01	4.64±0.12	0.22±0.06	68.52±3.17	174.21±7.77	21.05±1.25	0.36±0.02	0.80±0.07	0.28±0.06
HX2	沙漠	8.89±0.04	0.09±0.00	1.51±0.04	0.02±0.00	62.61±2.49	93.73±1.99	10.54±0.57	0.11±0.04	0.20±0.00	0.19±0.06
HX3	沙漠	8.75±0.02	0.48±0.01	0.47±0.03	0.03±0.00	117.12±12.04	29.85±1.72	15.22±2.15	0.17±0.03	0.61±0.00	0.24±0.04
HX4	沙漠	9.20±0.01	0.17±0.00	0.63±0.05	0.06±0.01	81.20±2.15	240.76±3.12	11.32±0.37	0.20±0.03	0.29±0.00	0.23±0.07
HX5	山前壤漠	8.60±0.02	3.32±0.01	2.07±0.09	0.23±0.02	229.45±3.16	156.78±1.95	15.12±1.81	0.65±0.01	0.99±0.01	0.44±0.05
HX6	山前壤漠	9.28±0.01	0.75±0.03	1.02±0.07	0.21±0.01	189.76±3.41	157.45±5.25	26.88±3.01	0.20±0.01	0.47±0.01	0.41±0.05
HX7	壤漠	9.24±0.02	1.44±0.03	0.50±0.06	0.23±0.02	270.32±4.75	120.84±0.96	10.92±0.51	0.26±0.02	0.22±0.01	0.12±0.03
HX8	壤漠	8.89±0.02	0.07±0.01	0.52±0.03	0.16±0.01	242.56±4.29	87.01±13.24	9.24±1.12	0.03±0.01	1.62±0.08	0.22±0.03
HX9	壤漠	8.87±0.03	1.70±0.03	0.94±0.02	0.12±0.00	252.31±2.81	114.64±1.73	12.60±1.19	0.29±0.03	0.48±0.02	0.15±0.03
HX10	壤漠	8.84±0.03	1.23±0.02	0.82±0.01	1.55±0.31	210.29±2.47	210.29±2.87	14.28±0.43	0.26±0.05	0.46±0.01	0.14±0.04
HX11	山前砾漠、壤漠	8.98±0.04	0.22±0.00	0.67±0.05	0.14±0.03	60.91±1.13	45.80±1.40	15.20±1.61	0.24±0.02	0.61±0.01	0.26±0.05
HX12	山前砾漠、壤漠	9.40±0.01	0.32±0.01	4.07±0.13	0.29±0.11	68.41±2.08	133.18±2.47	17.15±1.24	0.33±0.01	0.27±0.04	0.22±0.05
HX13	砾漠、壤漠	8.97±0.02	1.32±0.03	2.57±0.05	0.18±0.05	58.28±1.52	70.71±1.87	30.77±1.37	0.30±0.01	0.21±0.00	0.23±0.03
HX14	砾漠、壤漠	8.51±0.01	0.01±0.00	12.88±0.21	0.45±0.02	98.57±1.66	66.65±4.71	69.67±3.41	0.67±0.06	1.55±0.04	0.51±0.03
HX15	砾漠、壤漠	8.39±0.01	2.35±0.07	4.61±0.35	0.46±0.03	63.89±2.01	175.84±0.87	58.03±3.64	0.51±0.00	0.45±0.00	0.27±0.03
HX16	砾漠、壤漠	8.58±0.01	6.68±0.13	8.85±0.95	0.26±0.12	161.61±2.16	197.90±0.98	46.47±2.53	0.32±0.01	0.86±0.03	0.40±0.03

样带编号	建群种	主要物种（重要值）
样带编号	建群种	灌木	草本
HX1	红砂	红砂 (0.37)、驼绒藜 (0.24)、白刺 (0.07)、紫菀木 (0.09)、白沙蒿 (0.13)
HX2	沙拐枣	沙拐枣 (0.54)、花棒 (0.09)	雾冰藜 (0.15)、沙米 (0.11)
HX3	驼绒藜	驼绒藜 (0.22)、沙拐枣 (0.13)、白沙蒿 (0.13)、泡泡刺 (0.11)	刺蓬 (0.11)、针茅 (0.06)、砂蓝刺头 (0.05)
HX4	白沙蒿	梭梭 (0.26)、白沙蒿 (0.23)、白刺 (0.18)	冰草 (0.19)、苦豆子 (0.02)
HX5	合头草	合头草 (0.73)、珍珠猪毛菜 (0.09)、红砂 (0.06)
HX6	珍珠猪毛菜	珍珠猪毛菜 (0.43)、红砂 (0.33)、中亚紫菀木 (0.05)	驼蹄瓣 (0.08)
HX7	泡泡刺	泡泡刺 (0.24)、红砂 (0.21)、合头草 (0.05)	画眉草 (0.17)、刺旋花 (0.09)、白茎盐生草 (0.08)、节节草 (0.05)
HX8	红砂	红砂 (0.39)、泡泡刺 (0.23)、白沙蒿 (0.13)	白茎盐生草 (0.11)
HX9	白沙蒿	白沙蒿 (0.18)、梭梭 (0.15)、沙拐枣 (0.10)、泡泡刺 (0.04)	雾冰藜 (0.19)、沙米 (0.17)
HX10	沙拐枣	泡泡刺 (0.22)、沙拐枣 (0.13)、白沙蒿 (0.12)、梭梭 (0.10)	雾冰藜 (0.18)、羊草 (0.09)、白茎盐生草 (0.06)
HX11	合头草	合头草 (0.29)、红砂 (0.19)、霸王 (0.17)、裸果木 (0.06)	雾冰藜 (0.25)
HX12	河西菊	白刺 (0.19)	河西菊 (0.77)
HX13	黑果枸杞	黑果枸杞 (0.42)	河西菊 (0.23)、胀果甘草 (0.13)、苦豆子 (0.08)
HX14	黑果枸杞	黑果枸杞 (0.40)	河西菊 (0.26)、芦苇 (0.29)
HX15	黑果枸杞	黑果枸杞 (0.37)、柽柳 (0.26)、盐爪爪 (0.22)	花花柴 (0.09)
HX16	泡泡刺	泡泡刺 (0.49)	芦苇 (0.42)

河西走廊荒漠植物多样性及其对环境因子的响应

Diversity of Desert Plants in Hexi Corridor and Its Response to Environmental Factors

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多样性指数	经度 (E)	比湿/ (g·kg^-1)	年均降水量/ mm	短波辐射总强度/ (W·m^-2)	年均风速/ (m·s^-1)	w_{(土壤水分)}/ %	w_(全氮)/ (mg·g^-1)	w_(速效氮)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w_(全磷)/ (mg·g^-1)
Simpson优势度指数	-0.549*	-0.712**	-0.528*	0.555*	0.421	0.591*	0.517*	0.449	0.490
Pielou均匀度指数	0.296	0.526*	0.140	-0.298	0.046	-0.068	-0.123	-0.022	-0.181
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数	0.408	0.721**	0.391	-0.592*	-0.440	-0.670**	-0.550*	-0.494	-0.542*
Margalef丰富度指数	0.351	0.616*	0.397	-0.555*	-0.517*	-0.733**	-0.558*	-0.554*	-0.577*

因子	解释率/%	贡献率/%	F值	P值
比湿/(g·kg^-1)	35.4	48.7	7.7	0.016
年均风速/(m·s^-1)	19.8	27.2	5.8	0.032
w_(全氮)/(mg·g^-1)	10.0	13.7	3.4	0.086
年均降水量/mm	0.7	1.0	0.2	0.684
经度 (E)	5.8	7.9	2.0	0.186
w_(速效氮)/(mg·kg^-1)	0.5	0.7	0.2	0.744
w_{(土壤水分)}/%	0.5	0.7	0.1	0.744
w_(全磷)/(mg·g^-1)	<0.1	0.1	<0.1	0.950
短波辐射总强度/(W·m^-2)	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.982

样带编号	HX1	HX2	HX3	HX4	HX5	HX6	HX7	HX8	HX9	HX10	HX11	HX12	HX13	HX14	HX15
HX2	1.00
HX3	0.62	0.92
HX4	0.80	1.00	0.79
HX5	0.99	1.00	1.00	1.00
HX6	0.93	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.98
HX7	0.91	0.99	0.92	0.96	0.99	0.92
HX8	0.88	1.00	0.90	0.94	1.00	0.90	0.56
HX9	0.89	0.84	0.78	0.78	1.00	1.00	0.94	0.91
HX10	0.97	0.97	0.91	0.95	1.00	0.54	0.90	0.81	0.78
HX11	0.90	0.92	1.00	1.00	0.94	0.98	0.94	0.97	0.56	0.83
HX12	0.98	1.00	1.00	0.98	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
HX13	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.97	1.00	1.00	0.99	0.99	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.81
HX14	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.70	0.41
HX15	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.48	0.65
HX16	1.00	1.00	0.94	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.99	0.98	0.97	0.99	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.79	1.00

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