生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 37-43.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.01.005

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

环境因子和火干扰因子对喀纳斯泰加林柳兰分布的影响

刘小菊*(), 褚江涛, 张越, 单奇   

  1. 新疆农业职业技术学院,新疆 昌吉 831100
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-01 出版日期:2022-01-18 发布日期:2022-03-10
  • 通讯作者: *
  • 作者简介:刘小菊（1979年生）,女,教授,博士,研究方向为森林、草地生态和园林植物栽培。E-mail: liuxiaoju317@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆自然科学基金面上项目(2019D01A67);新疆农业职业技术学院科研基金项目(XJNZYKJ202012)

Effects of Environmental Factors and Fire Disturbance Factors on Distribution of Chamerion angustifolium in Kanas Taiga

LIU Xiaoju*(), CHU Jiangtao, ZHANG Yue, SHAN Qi   

  1. Xinjiang Agriculture Vocational Technical Collage, Changji 831100, P. R. China
  • Received:2021-06-01 Online:2022-01-18 Published:2022-03-10

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摘要：

喀纳斯泰加林植被的生长和分布受火干扰和环境因子的共同作用,为了解喀纳斯泰加林林下柳兰分布与生态因子的关系,促进种群扩繁,共设置了35个样地进行调查和分析。建立柳兰重要值与生态因子矩阵,利用CCA分析法对不同火烧林分中柳兰的生长分布状况与林火烈度、火后时间、海拔、坡度、坡向、郁闭度、土壤pH值、速效钾、土壤有机质、灌木层盖度、草本层盖度和草本层物种多样性指数等20个生态因子的关系进行了分析。结果显示,第一轴主要反映林火烈度、海拔、坡向,灌木层盖度、pH值、有机质、全钾和速效钾的变化;第二轴主要反映林火烈度、火后时间、草本层盖度、坡向、坡位、土壤容重、电导率、有机质、有效磷和全氮的变化。对柳兰分布有显著影响的生态因子是林火烈度、有机质、海拔、坡向、灌木层盖度、土壤容重、全钾和速效钾,前两轴的累计贡献率为72.48%。柳兰适合在土壤呈弱酸性、海拔低、阳坡、土壤容重小、土壤有机质、全钾和速效钾含量高的环境中生长。柳兰是阳性植物,是火烧后的先锋植物。对影响柳兰分布的生态因子进行定量分离,结果发现环境因子和火干扰因子对柳兰样地物种分布的解释能力为88.2%,显示出较好的排序效果。喀纳斯泰加林受人为干扰较少,柳兰所在植物群落与环境保持了良好的对应关系,生态因子与物种分布呈显著相关（P=0.003),表明CCA排序结果可以解释生态因子对物种分布的影响程度。

关键词: 柳兰, 喀纳斯泰加林, 环境因子, 火干扰因子, CCA排序

Abstract:

The vegetation of Kanas taiga forest is affected by fire disturbance and environmental factors. A total of 35 plots were set up in Kanas taiga to understand the relationship between the distribution of Chamerion angustifolium and ecological factors, and to promote population development. To establish the important value of C. angustifolium and ecological factor matrix, CCA method was used to analyze the effects of different stands, and the relationship between the growth and distribution of C. angustifolium and 20 ecological factors (i.e., fire severity, post-fire time, altitude, slope position, slope gradient, slope aspect, canopy density, soil pH, soil available K, soil organic matter, soil bulk density, conductivity, shrub layer coverage, herbaceous layer coverage, and herbaceous layer species diversity index). Results showed that the first axis of the CCA ordination diagram mainly reflected changes in fire severity, altitude, slope aspect, shrub layer coverage, soil pH, organic matter, total potassium, and available potassium; the second axis mainly reflected the changes in fire severity, post-fire time, herbaceous layer shrub, slope position, conductivity, soil bulk density, available phosphorus, and total nitrogen. Factors that had significant effects on the distribution of C. angustifolium were altitude, organic matter, slope aspect, soil pH, total potassium, available potassium, and soil bulk density. The cumulative contribution rate of the first two axes was 72.48%. C. angustifolium was suitable to grow in the stands with weak acid soil, low altitude, sunny slope, and soil with a low bulk density, high content of soil organic matter, total potassium, and available potassium. C. angustifolium is a sun herb and a pioneer plant after fire. Quantitative analysis of the influence of fire disturbance and environmental factors on species distribution showed that they had a good ability to explain C. angustifolium distribution (88.2%), showing a good sorting effect and suggesting that the distribution of C. angustifolium in the sample spots was strongly affected by the ecological factors examined. The plant community of C. angustifolium also showed a good correspondence with the environment due to little human disturbance in Kanas taiga. There was a significant correlation between the ecological factors and species distribution (P=0.003), which strengthened the reliability of the results.

Key words: Chamerion angustifolium, Kanas taiga, environmental factors, fire disturbance factors, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA)

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