滇东南亚热带土壤细菌群落对植被垂直带变化的响应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.005

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 1971-1983.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.005

滇东南亚热带土壤细菌群落对植被垂直带变化的响应

李聪¹^,²(), 吕晶花¹, 陆梅¹^,^*(), 杨志东¹, 刘攀¹, 任玉连³, 杜凡⁴

1.西南林业大学生态与环境学院，云南昆明 650224
2.中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所，云南昆明 650233
3.贵州大学生命科学学院，贵州贵阳 550025
4.西南林业大学林学院，云南昆明 650224

收稿日期:2022-03-14 出版日期:2022-10-18 发布日期:2022-12-09
通讯作者: ^*陆梅（1979年生），女，教授，从事土壤微生物生态、森林和湿地生态研究。E-mail: lumeizx@126.com
作者简介:李聪（1997年生），男，博士研究生，从事土壤微生物、森林生态恢复研究。E-mail: licongswfu@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(42067011);云南省应用基础研究面上项目(202001AT070113);云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才项目(202205AC160047);云南省应用基础研究面上项目(2013FB053);西南林业大学博士启动基金项目(111901);西畴县高等植物与植被类型多样性调查与评估(2166095);云南省高校优势特色重点学科(05000511311)

Responses of Soil Bacterial Communities to Vertical Vegetarian Zone Changes in the Subtropical Forests, Southeastern Yunnan

LI Cong¹^,²(), LÜ Jinghua¹, LU Mei¹^,^*(), YANG Zhidong¹, LIU Pan¹, REN Yulian³, DU Fan⁴

1. College of Ecology and Soil and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
2. Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650223, P. R. China
3. College of life sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
4. College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China

Received:2022-03-14 Online:2022-10-18 Published:2022-12-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究南亚热带森林土壤细菌群落的变化特征及其与环境因子的耦合机制，沿海拔自下而上选取滇东南文山国家级自然保护区亚热带季风常绿阔叶林（E1）、半湿润常绿阔叶林（E2）、中山湿性常绿阔叶林（E3）3种典型森林类型为研究对象，采用Illumina高通量测序技术研究土壤细菌群落组成、结构和多样性对植被垂直带变化的响应规律，以及它们与环境因子之间的关系。研究发现，（1）环境因子沿植被垂直带变化显著（P<0.05）。E3植被带的凋落物厚度、Simpson指数、土壤含水量、有机质、氮、磷、钾含量较E1和E2显著增加，而植物的Margalef指数、Shannon指数、Pielou指数、土壤密度、pH、温度较E1和E2显著减少，其平均增幅和降幅分别3倍和1.5倍。（2）酸杆菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门等细菌优势菌群的相对丰度沿植被垂直带和土层变化差异显著（P<0.05）；次优势菌门变形菌、放线菌在E3植被带的相对丰度显著高于E1和E2（P<0.05），而酸杆菌门相对丰度略低于其他两个植被带（P>0.05）；变形菌与放线菌主要富集于土壤表层（0—10 cm）、酸杆菌富集在中层（10—30 cm）、绿弯菌富集在底层（40—50 cm）。（3）土壤细菌多样性沿植被垂直变化呈显著的增加趋势（P<0.05），并在E3达到最大值，沿土层则表现为减小变化。（4）随着海拔上升，植被多样性及凋落物厚度对细菌群落结构及多样性的主导因子从E1的3个减至E3的1个，而土壤理化对二者的解释率从E1的0个增至E3的7个，E1的植被多样性负向影响转变为E3含水量、碳氮等养分元素的正向影响。因此，文山自然保护区植被群落沿海拔的垂直变化，导致凋落物厚度、土壤水分、pH、养分含量的显著改变，进而决定了森林土壤细菌群落组成、结构及多样性的分布格局。

关键词: 垂直植被带, 细菌, 群落结构, 多样性, 环境因子, 文山自然保护区

Abstract:

This study aimed to explore the shift in soil bacterial communities and the coupling mechanism with the environmental factors in subtropical forests. We selected three typical forest types (i.e., monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (E1), sub-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest (E2) and middle-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest (E3)) along altitudes gradient in the Wenshan National Nature Reserve of Southeast Yunnan. The Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to identify responses of soil bacterial composition, structure and diversity to changes in vertical vegetation zones, as well as the effects of environmental factors on the soil bacteria. The results showed that (1) environmental factors changed significantly along the vegetation vertical zone (P<0.05). Compared with E1 and E2, the litter thickness, Simpson index, soil variables (i.e., moisture, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations) of E3 were significantly increased with an average of 3 times, while the indexes of Margalef, Shannon, Pielou, soil bulk density, pH and temperature were significantly decreased with an average 1.5 times, respectively. (2) The relative abundance of the dominant bacteria varied significantly along the vertical vegetarian zone and soil layers (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria of E3 were significantly higher than E1 and E2, while Acidobacteria of E3 was lower than others. The Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria had high abundances in the surface layer (0-10 cm), while Acidobacteria mainly assembled in the middle layer (10-30 cm); and Chloroflexi had a high abundance in the bottom layer (40-50 cm). (3) The soil bacterial diversity showed a significant increase along the vertical change of vegetation (P<0.05) reaching the maximum at E3, and decreased along the soil layer. (4) With the increase of altitudes, the dominant factors of vegetation diversity and litter thickness on bacterial community structure and diversity decreased from 3 (E1) to 1 (E3), while the dominant factors of physicochemical properties increased from 0 (E1) to 7 (E3), the negative impact of E1 with vegetation diversity shifted into the positive impact of E3 with soil moisture, carbon and nitrogen. Therefore, the vegetation communities changed along the vertical of altitudes, which lead to significant changes in litter thickness, soil moisture, pH, nutrient contents, and finally determined the composition, structure and diversity of bacterial communities.

Key words: vertical vegetarian zone, bacteria, communities, diversity, environmental factors, Wenshan Nature Reserve

中图分类号:

李聪, 吕晶花, 陆梅, 杨志东, 刘攀, 任玉连, 杜凡. 滇东南亚热带土壤细菌群落对植被垂直带变化的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(10): 1971-1983.

LI Cong, LÜ Jinghua, LU Mei, YANG Zhidong, LIU Pan, REN Yulian, DU Fan. Responses of Soil Bacterial Communities to Vertical Vegetarian Zone Changes in the Subtropical Forests, Southeastern Yunnan[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(10): 1971-1983.

图/表 11

表1 样地概况

Table 1 The basic situation of the sample sites

海拔 Altitdes/ m	植被带 Vegetarian zones	坡向 Aspect of slope	坡度 Slope/ (°)	主要优势种 Dominant plant	平均高度 Average height/m	平均胸径 Mean DBH/ cm	凋落物厚度 Litter thickness/cm	郁闭度 Canopy density	植物多样性 Vegetation diversity
海拔 Altitdes/ m	植被带 Vegetarian zones	坡向 Aspect of slope	坡度 Slope/ (°)	主要优势种 Dominant plant	平均高度 Average height/m	平均胸径 Mean DBH/ cm	凋落物厚度 Litter thickness/cm	郁闭度 Canopy density	Shannon- Wiener	Simpson	Margalef	Pielou
1480	E1	S3°E-N6°E	30-42	窄叶锥 Castanopsis choboensis	12.40± 3.17c	9.33± 2.79c	3±2c	0.75	0.81± 0.08c	3.26± 0.35a	12.71± 1.22a	1.13± 0.10a
1660	E2	N18°W-N30°W	5-10	木荷 Schima superba	16.60± 1.52b	18.09± 2.05b	15±1b	0.85	1.57± 0.10b	2.68± 0.22b	11.67± 0.74b	1.08± 0.08a
1760	E3	N30°W-S68°W	30-34	栎类 Quercus	20.67± 2.41a	24.16± 3.12a	23±4a	0.95	1.88± 0.12a	2.29± 0.17c	10.68± 0.55c	0.85± 0.04b

图1 不同垂直植被带土壤理化性质特征各植被带：n=15。0—50 cm土层均值：n=5不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05），下同；不同小写字母代表该指标在同一土层各垂直植被带间差异显著，不同大写字母表示该指标在同一植被带各土层差异显著，最大的平均数标记为a和A

Figure 1 The changes in soil physicochemical properties across different vertical vegetarian zones n=15 for each vegetation zone; and n=5 is the average value for 0-50 cm soil layers Different lower-case letters indicate that plant factors are significantly differences (P<0.05), the same as below; Different lower-cases indicate significant difference of an index among the three zonal vegetations in the same layer; the different capital letters indicate significant difference of an index among the five layers in the same zonal vegetation, the maximum mean value mark as a and A

图2 不同垂直植被带土壤细菌优势群落Anosim分析同一植被带：n=15

Figure 2 The changes of bacterial community across different vertical vegetarian zones (Phylum) n=15 for the same vegetation zone

图3 不同垂直植被带土壤细菌群落特征（门水平）各植被带均值：n=3实线表示变量之间存在显著性（P<0.05），虚线表示变量之间没有显著性（P>0.05）下同

Figure 3 Analysis of similarities of soil bacterial dominant communities in different vertical vegetarian zones n=3 is the average value for each vegetation zoneThe solid line indicates that there is significance between variables (P<0.05), and the dotted line indicates that there is no significance between variables (P>0.05), the same as below

图4 不同垂直植被带土壤细菌优势群落沿土层变化的Anosim分析同一土层：n=9LI、L2、L3、L4、L5分别代表0—10、10—20、20—30、30—40和40—50 cm。下同

Figure 4 Anosim analysis of soil bacterial dominant communities along soil layers in different vertical vegetarian zones n=9 for the same soil layersL1=0-10 cm, L2=10-20 cm, L3=20-30 cm, L4=30-40 cm, L5=40-50 cm. The same as below

图5 不同垂直植被带土壤细菌群落的土层变化特征（门水平）各植被带均值：n=3。0—50 cm土层均值：n=5

Figure 5 The profile changes of bacterial community across different vertical vegetarian zones (Phylum) n=3 is the average value for each vegetation zone; and n=5 is also the average value for 0-50 cm soil layers

图6 不同垂直植被带土壤细菌多样性特征各植被带均值：n=3

Figure 6 The changes of bacterial diversity across different vertical vegetarian zones n=3 is the average value for each vegetation zone

表2 不同植被垂直带土壤细菌多样性的垂直分布特征

Table 2 The vertical changes in soil physicochemical properties across different vertical vegetarian zones

样品 Samples	丰富度指数 Richness index	Chao 1指数 Chao index	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index
E1-L1	2977±56.12Aa	3644±73.38Aa	6.70±0.01Aa	0.0035±0.0001Bc
E1-L2	1915±114.84Bab	2630±179.85Ba	5.71±0.08Bb	0.0095±0.0012ABa
E1-L3	1949±13.20Bb	2663±45.54Bb	5.65±0.06Bb	0.0107±0.0011Aa
E1-L4	1763±63.38Cb	2441±28.96Cb	5.64±0.11Bc	0.0103±0.0011Aa
E1-L5	1829±13.48Ca	2408±66.77Ca	5.70±0.07Ba	0.0100±0.0030Ab
E2-L1	2033±93.46Bb	2510±94.83Cc	6.17±0.02Ac	0.0049±0.0002Cb
E2-L2	2112±74.60Ba	2790±96.40Ba	6.08±0.10Aa	0.0064±0.0015BCb
E2-L3	2194±97.84Bab	2808 ±111.50Ba	6.03±0.05ABa	0.0066±0.0005Bb
E2-L4	2322±29.17Aa	3083 ±92.46Aa	6.01±0.07ABa	0.0071±0.0007Bb
E2-L5	1417±68.47Cc	1966±157.87Db	5.24±0.10Bb	0.0162±0.0023Aa
E3-L1	1773±27.74Cc	2135±26.19Cc	5.97±0.01ABc	0.0061±0.0005ABa
E3-L2	2232±135.46Aa	2852±131.10Aa	6.07±0.10Aa	0.0059±0.0008Bb
E3-L3	2443±270.49Aa	3103±247.07Aa	6.14±0.14Aa	0.0056±0.0010Bb
E3-L4	1847±56.88Bb	2408±94.32Bb	5.86±0.09Bb	0.0075±0.0010ABb
E3-L5	1689±28.59Db	2199±50.39Cb	5.72±0.02Ca	0.0082±0.0002Ab

表3 土壤细菌群落组成-多样性的DCA判别分析

Table 3 Principal component dimension reduction analysis of environmental factors and soil bacterial community composition diversity

指标 Index		去趋势对应分析 Detrended correspondence analysis
指标 Index		DCA1	DCA2	DCA3	DCA4
群落 Community	特征值 Eigenvalues	0.468	0.056	0.036	0.029
	DCA值 Decorana values	0.476	0.046	0.015	0.006
	排序轴长 Axis lengths	1.778	0.856	0.727	0.678
多样性 Diversity	特征值 Eigenvalues	0.081	0.001	0.001	0.001
	DCA值 Decorana values	0.371	0.001	0.001	0.001
	排序轴长 Axis lengths	1.414	0.605	0.759	1.023

图7 不同垂直植被带环境因子与土壤细菌群落组成及多样性的冗余分析各植被带：n=15pH代表酸碱度、MC代表土壤含水量，ST代表土壤温度，BD代表密度，SM代表有机质，TN代表全氮，TP代表全磷，TK代表全钾，W代表植物香浓指数，D代表植物辛普森指数，J代表植物均匀度指数，R代表植物丰富度指数，LT代表凋落物厚度，B_Shannon代表细菌香浓指数，B_Simpson代表细菌Simpson指数

Figure 7 Redundancy analysis of environmental factors and bacterial community composition and diversity n=15 for each vegetation zonepH=pH value, MC=Moisture content, ST=Soil temperature, BD=Bulk density, SM=Soil organic matter, TN=Total nitrogen, TP=Total phosphorus, TK=Total potassium, W=Plant Shannon-Wiener index, D=Plant Simpson index, J=Plant Pielou index, R=Plant Margalef index, LT=Litter thickness, B_Shannon=Bacterial shannon-wiener index, B_Simpson=Bacterial simpson index

图8 不同垂直植被带环境因子与土壤细菌群落和多样性的mantel分析各植被带：n=15 pH代表酸碱度、MC代表土壤含水量，ST代表土壤温度，BD代表密度，SM代表有机质，TN代表全氮，TP代表全磷，TK代表全钾，W代表植物香浓指数，D代表植物辛普森指数，J代表植物均匀度指数，R代表植物多样性指数，LT代表凋落物厚度

Figure 8 Mantel analysis of environmental factors and soil bacterial dominant communities-diversity across different vertical vegetarian zones n=15 for each vegetation zonepH=pH value, MC=Moisture content, ST=Soil temperature, BD=Bulk density, SM=Soil organic matter, TN=Total nitrogen, TP=Total phosphorus, TK=Total potassium, W=Plant Shannon-Wiener index, D=Plant Simpson index, J=Plant Pielou index, R=Plant Margalef index, LT=Litter thicknes

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滇东南亚热带土壤细菌群落对植被垂直带变化的响应

Responses of Soil Bacterial Communities to Vertical Vegetarian Zone Changes in the Subtropical Forests, Southeastern Yunnan

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