模拟增温对土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.07.009

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1404-1411.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.07.009

模拟增温对土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响

姚世庭¹(), 芦光新¹^,^*(), 邓晔²^,³, 党宁¹, 王英成¹, 张海娟¹, 颜珲璘¹

1.青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3.中国科学院生态环境研究中心/中国科学院环境生物技术重点实验室,北京 100085

收稿日期:2021-02-03 出版日期:2021-07-18 发布日期:2021-10-09
通讯作者: *芦光新,E-mail: lugx74@qq.com
作者简介:姚世庭（1995年生）女,博士研究生,主要研究方向为高寒草地微生物多样性及功能利用。E-mail: 2317523428@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31860103);国家自然科学基金项目(31460152);国家自然科学基金项目(41261064)

Effects of Simulated Warming on Soil Fungal Community Composition and Diversity

YAO Shiting¹(), LU Guangxin¹^,^*(), DENG Ye²^,³, DANG Ning¹, WANG Yingcheng¹, ZHANG Haijuan¹, YAN Huilin¹

1. College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Research Center for Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology/Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China

Received:2021-02-03 Online:2021-07-18 Published:2021-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨温度变化后土壤微生物中真菌的变化情况,利用野外模拟增温小室（OTC）对青藏高原高寒草地0—15 cm和15—30 cm土层进行增温,采用Illumina-MiSeq高通量测序技术和成对的通用引物gITS-7F和4R对土壤真菌2区进行测序,研究青藏高原高寒草地生态系统中土壤真菌多样性对温度的响应,同时采用典型相关性分析方法研究土壤理化性质、地上植被指标以及环境三参数对土壤真菌的影响。研究表明,（1）真菌群落稀释性曲线发现物种的丰富度（observed species）：Ma (0—15 cm不增温)>Mb (15—30 cm不增温)>Fb (15—30 cm增温)>Fa (0—15 cm对照)。（2）土壤真菌群落Alpha多样性指数表明,Shannon指数和Simpson指数均呈现Mb>Fb>Ma>Fa,而Chao1指数呈现Mb>Fa>Ma>Fb。说明相较于对照,增温会使真菌群落多样性有所降低。（3）通过测序分析,土壤中真菌检测出数量较多的门,包括子囊菌门（Ascomycota 47.4%—66.6%）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota 7.0%—14.8%）、接合菌门（Zygomycota 3.4%—17.2%）等,但依然有6.7%—38.7%无法鉴定到门的物种。（4）pH、微生物氮与真菌存在显著相关关系（P<0.05）,相关系数分别为r=0.3218,r=0.2318。总之,研究发现增温使土壤真菌丰富度和群落多样性降低,优势菌种为子囊菌门、担子菌门和接合菌门,土壤pH和土壤微生物氮是高寒草地土壤真菌多样性的重要影响因子。研究结果可为预测全球变暖生态系统的变化方向提供数据基础。

关键词: 全球变暖, 高寒草甸, 模拟增温, 真菌多样性, ITS, 环境因子

Abstract:

We used the field simulation chamber (OTC) to increase soil temperature in 0?15 cm and 15?13 cm of alpine grassland in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to study the change of fungi in soil after temperature change. Through Illumina-MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to sequence the soil fungi region 2 with the paired universal primers gITS-7F and 4R to study the response of soil fungal diversity to temperature in the alpine grassland ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, while using canonical correlations analysis method studies the effects of soil physical and chemical properties, above-ground vegetation indicators and environmental parameters on soil fungi. The study finds that the dilution curve of the fungal community shows the species abundance: Ma (0?15 cm No Warming)>Mb (15?30 cm No Warming)>Fb (15?30 cm Warming))>Fa (0?15 cm Warming); Shannon index and Simpson index both shows: Mb>Fb>Ma>Fa; and Chao1 index shows: Mb>Fa> Ma>Fb. Therefore, compared with the control, warming will reduce the diversity of the fungal community. Through sequencing analysis, the number of fungi detected in the soil includes the Ascomycota (47.4%?66.6%), Basidiomycota (7.0%?14.8%), Zygomycota (3.4%?17.2%), et al., but there are still 6.7%?38.7% of species that cannot be identified in the phylum. It is found that there is a significant correlation between pH, microbial nitrogen and fungi in the fungal community structure (P<0.05), and the correlation coefficients are r=0.3218 and r=0.2318, respectively. In conclusion, the study find that increasing temperature reduces soil fungal richness and community diversity. The dominant bacteria species are Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota. Soil pH and soil microbial nitrogen are important factors affecting soil fungal diversity in alpine grasslands. The research results can provide a data basis for predicting the direction of changes in the global warming ecosystem.

Key words: global warming, alpine meadow, simulated warming, fungal diversity, ITS, environmental factors

中图分类号:

S154.36
X172

姚世庭, 芦光新, 邓晔, 党宁, 王英成, 张海娟, 颜珲璘. 模拟增温对土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(7): 1404-1411.

YAO Shiting, LU Guangxin, DENG Ye, DANG Ning, WANG Yingcheng, ZHANG Haijuan, YAN Huilin. Effects of Simulated Warming on Soil Fungal Community Composition and Diversity[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(7): 1404-1411.

图/表 10

参考文献 41

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编号 Numbering	土壤深度 Soil depth	香农指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao值 Chao1 index
Fa	0‒15 cm	3.25±0.32a	7.19±1.89b	860.98±173.02a
Fb	15‒30 cm	3.38±0.45a	9.49±4.21b	799.66±210.38a
Ma	0‒15 cm	3.35±0.56a	7.62±3.50b	899.40±209.22a
Mb	15‒30 cm	4.02±0.34a	22.44±7.16a	1015.62±366.09a

编号 Numbering	土壤深度 Soil depth	香农指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao值 Chao1 index
Fa	0‒15 cm	3.25±0.32a	7.19±1.89b	860.98±173.02a
Fb	15‒30 cm	3.38±0.45a	9.49±4.21b	799.66±210.38a
Ma	0‒15 cm	3.35±0.56a	7.62±3.50b	899.40±209.22a
Mb	15‒30 cm	4.02±0.34a	22.44±7.16a	1015.62±366.09a

因子 Factors	Bray-Curtis		Jaccard
因子 Factors	F. Model	Pr (>F)	F. Model	Pr (>F)
Fa vs Fb	0.8371	0.9	0.7785	0.8
Fa vs Ma	0.7838	0.8	0.6862	0.5
Fa vs Mb	0.8095	0.3	0.7562	0.2
Fb vs Ma	0.8292	0.5	0.7722	1
Fb vs Mb	0.8548	0.8	0.8422	0.5
Ma vs Mb	0.8015	0.4	0.7498	0.4

因子 Factors	Bray-Curtis		Jaccard
因子 Factors	F. Model	Pr (>F)	F. Model	Pr (>F)
Fa vs Fb	0.8371	0.9	0.7785	0.8
Fa vs Ma	0.7838	0.8	0.6862	0.5
Fa vs Mb	0.8095	0.3	0.7562	0.2
Fb vs Ma	0.8292	0.5	0.7722	1
Fb vs Mb	0.8548	0.8	0.8422	0.5
Ma vs Mb	0.8015	0.4	0.7498	0.4

因子 Factor	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^--N	TN	AN	OM	pH	TC	SMBC	SMBN	HEIGHT	S	FW	T	SMC	EC
NH₄⁺-N	1
NO₃^--N	0.62*	1
TN	0.60*	0.31	1
AN	0.89**	0.63*	0.81**	1
OM	0.61*	0.24	0.98	0.79**	1
pH	-0.80**	-0.65*	-0.80**	-0.88***	-0.73**	1
TC	-0.61*	-0.53	-0.81**	-0.86***	-0.74**	0.73**	1
SMBC	0.69*	0.52	0.88***	0.84***	0.81**	-0.92*	-0.80**	1
SMBN	0.72**	0.48	0.91	0.89	0.87***	-0.81**	-0.88***	0.85***	1
HEIGHT	-0.34	-0.15	-0.07	-0.20	-0.13	0.10	0.13	0.13	-0.11	1
S	0.14	0.28	-0.10	0.12	-0.17	-0.11	-0.18	0.06	-0.13	-0.17	1
FW	0.38	0.19	-0.11	0.22	-0.05	-0.14	-0.04	0.14	-0.14	-0.16	0.42	1
T	0.36	0.09	-0.04	0.25	-0.0014	-0.14	-0.07	0.25	-0.03	0.25	0.08	0.82**	1
SMC	-0.01	-0.01	-0.41	-0.17	-0.34	0.23	0.32	-0.14	-0.45	0.25	0.08	0.82**	0.86***	1
EC	0.28	0.49	0.212	0.27	0.21	-0.39	-0.18	0.46	0.16	0.17	0.05	0.56	0.45	0.53	1

模拟增温对土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响

Effects of Simulated Warming on Soil Fungal Community Composition and Diversity

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因子 Facter	香农指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	PD指数 PD index
铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	-0.359	0.132	-0.489	-0.49
硝态氮 NO₃^--N	-0.073	0.214	-0.073	-0.13
全氮 TN	0.0289	0.323	-0.346	-0.39
碱解氮 AN	-0.25	0.236	-0.372	-0.51
有机质 OM	0.009	0.311	-0.359	-0.4
酸碱度 pH	0.0827	-0.26	0.411	0.342
全碳 TC	0.158	-0.34	0.299	0.559
微生物量碳SMBC	-0.063	0.169	-0.365	-0.33
微生物量氮SMBN	-0.136	0.207	-0.371	-0.42
高度 HEIGHT	-0.066	-0.54	0.191	0.296
物种数 S	0.271	0.585*	0.172	-0.15
鲜重 FW	-0.244	0.061	-0.258	-0.33
温度 T	-0.539	-0.45	-0.243	-0.25
土壤含水量SMC	-0.366	-0.4	-0.115	-0.07
土壤电导率 EC	-0.032	0.107	-0.371	-0.2

因子 Factor	Bray-Curtis		Jaccard
因子 Factor	r	P	r	P
铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	-0.0893	0.754	-0.0885	0.794
硝态氮 NO₃^--N	0.074	0.28	0.0038	0.462
全氮 TN	-0.0013	0.462	0.0413	0.311
碱解氮 AN	0.0091	0.443	-0.0106	0.515
有机质 OM	-0.0978	0.799	-0.056	0.648
酸碱度 pH	0.3571*	0.017	0.3218*	0.021
全碳 TC	0.0175	0.348	0.0347	0.293
微生物量碳 SMBC	0.2493*	0.034	0.2318*	0.046
微生物量氮 SMBN	-0.0592	0.678	-0.0296	0.595
高度 HEIGHT	-0.032	0.487	-0.0143	0.474
物种数 S	-0.032	0.536	-0.004	0.456
鲜重 FW	-0.0992	0.788	-0.0503	0.594
温度 T	-0.1406	0.952	-0.1155	0.9
土壤含水量 SMC	-0.1059	0.839	-0.0857	0.763
土壤电导率 EC	0.2692	0.052	0.1951	0.099

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