树种和土层对土壤无机氮的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.11.005

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 2143-2151.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.11.005

树种和土层对土壤无机氮的影响

韩鑫(), 袁春阳, 李济宏, 洪宗文, 刘宣, 杜婷, 李晗, 游成铭, 谭波, 朱鹏, 徐振锋^*()

四川农业大学生态林业研究所/长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室/长江上游森林资源保育与生态安全国家林业和草原局重点实验室/华西雨屏区人工林生态系统研究长期科研基地，四川成都 611130

收稿日期:2022-04-01 出版日期:2022-11-18 发布日期:2022-12-22
通讯作者: *徐振锋（1981年生），男，教授，博士研究生导师，主要从事森林生态系统物质循环及气候变化方面研究。E-mail: xuzf@sicau.edu.cn
*徐振锋（1981年生），男，教授，博士研究生导师，主要从事森林生态系统物质循环及气候变化方面研究。E-mail: xuzf@sicau.edu.cn
作者简介:韩鑫（1995年生），男，博士研究生，主要从事土壤研究。E-mail: 2575431006@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32071745);国家自然科学基金项目(31901295);国家自然科学基金项目(31870602);四川省杰出青年科技人才计划项目(2020JDJQ0052);四川省应用基础项目(2021YJ0340);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505003);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0503906);四川农业大学科研兴趣培养项目(2021247)

Effects of Tree Species and Soil Layers on Soil Extractable Nitrogen Content

HAN Xin(), YUAN Chunyang, LI Jihong, HONG Zongwen, LIU Xuan, DU Ting, LI Han, YOU Chenming, TAN Bo, ZHU Peng, XU Zhenfeng^*()

Institute of Ecology & Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University/Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River/Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China

Received:2022-04-01 Online:2022-11-18 Published:2022-12-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

林木通过凋落物输入及根系活动等过程影响土壤无机氮含量，从而对调控土壤肥力有重要作用，但目前不同树种间对其有何影响仍不清楚。为探究四川盆地乡土树种对土壤无机氮含量的影响机制，采用同质园试验，以红椿（Toona ciliata）、香椿（Toona sinensis）、天竺桂（Cinnamomum japonicum）、大叶樟（Cinnamomun phatyphyllum）、香樟（Cinnamomum camphora）、油樟（Cinnamomum longipaniculatum）和桤木（Alnus cremastogyne）7个阔叶树种为研究对象，以撂荒地为对照，采集了3个土层（0-10、10-20、20-30 cm）的土壤样品，测定铵态氮、硝态氮及其他常见的土壤理化指标，分析树种和土层对土壤无机氮含量的影响。结果表明，（1）相比撂荒地，大叶樟、天竺桂、红椿和桤木土壤无机氮含量分别显著增加了27.6%、27.4%、26.4%和19.3%，香樟、油樟和香椿无机氮含量则分别增加了2.4%和显著降低了8.1%和8.9%。（2）7个树种土壤无机氮含量总体随土层深度增加而下降，铵态氮/硝态氮则表现为相反的趋势，其中桤木、大叶樟、天竺桂、香椿和红椿表现尤为明显。（3）土壤物理参数（机械组成、容重）和化学参数（pH、碳氮比、碳磷比和微生物生物量氮）与土壤无机氮含量显著相关。冗余分析（RDA）进一步表明土壤黏粒、全氮和微生物生物量氮是引起土壤无机氮含量变化的关键影响因子。综上所述，树种通过改变土壤理化性质而影响土壤无机氮含量；树种效应大于土层效应；相比而言，大叶樟、天竺桂和红椿更有利于土壤氮养分的维持。

关键词: 无机氮, 树种, 土壤层次, 交互作用, 冗余分析, 土壤理化指标

Abstract:

Tree species affect soil inorganic nitrogen content through litter input and root activity, which plays an important role in regulating soil fertility. However, the impact of different tree species on soil fertility is uncertain. In order to study the effects of native tree species on the soil ecological process, a common garden experiment was established. Cinnamomum japonicum, Cinnamomum longipaniculatum, Cinnamomum austrosinense, Alnus cremastogyne, Cinnamomum Camphora, Toona ciliata and Toona sinensis were taken as the research objects. Compared with abandoned land, the content of soil inorganic nitrogen and the common physical and chemical properties of soil in three soil layers (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm) and their effects of tree species and soil layers on soil inorganic nitrogen contents were analyzed. The results show that (1) compared with abandoned land, the soil inorganic nitrogen content of C. austrosinense, C. japonicum, T. ciliateand and A. cremastogyne increased by 27.6%, 27.4%, 26.4% and 19.3%. The inorganic nitrogen content of C. camphora increased by 2.4%, while the C. longipaniculatumr and T. sinensis significantly decreased by 8.1% and 8.9%. (2) The contents of soil inorganic nitrogen contents in the soil of 7 tree species decreased with the increase of soil depth, while NH₄⁺-N/NO₃^--N showed an opposite trend of change, which was most obvious among A. cremastogyne, C. phatyphyllum, C. japonicum, T. sinensis and T. ciliate. (3) Soil physical indexes (e.g., texture and bulk density) and chemical indexes (e.g., pH, C:N, C:P, microbial biomass N) were significantly correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that soil clay particle, total organic nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen contents were the main driving factors causing changes to soil inorganic nitrogen. In conclusion, tree species predominantly altered soil inorganic nitrogen contents by changing soil physical and chemical properties. The influence of tree species on soil inorganic nitrogen content was greater than that of soil layer. Compared with other species, C. austrosinense, C. japonicum and T. ciliata were more beneficial to the maintenance of soil nitrogen nutrients.

Key words: soil extractable, tree species, soil layer, interaction, redundancy analysis, soil physical and chemical properties

中图分类号:

韩鑫, 袁春阳, 李济宏, 洪宗文, 刘宣, 杜婷, 李晗, 游成铭, 谭波, 朱鹏, 徐振锋. 树种和土层对土壤无机氮的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(11): 2143-2151.

HAN Xin, YUAN Chunyang, LI Jihong, HONG Zongwen, LIU Xuan, DU Ting, LI Han, YOU Chenming, TAN Bo, ZHU Peng, XU Zhenfeng. Effects of Tree Species and Soil Layers on Soil Extractable Nitrogen Content[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(11): 2143-2151.

图/表 7

图1 不同树种和土层铵态氮含量不同大写字母表示同一土层树种间差异显著（P<0.05），不同小写字母表示相同树种土壤层次间差异显著（P<0.05）。平均值±标准误差，n=3；下同

Figure 1 NH4+-N content between different tree species and soil layers Different capital letters indicate significant differences between tree species and lowercase letters indicate significant differences between soil layers (P<0.05). Mean±Standard error, n=3; The same below

表1 不同树种和土层对土壤无机氮及其组分的双因素方差分析

Table 1 Effects of repeated variance analysis of inorganic nitrogen and its components in different tree species and soil layers

参数 Variable	自由度 d.f.	NH₄⁺-N			NO₃^--N			NH₄⁺-N/NO₃^--N			TIN
参数 Variable	自由度 d.f.	F	P	相对解释度 Percentage of variance explained/%	F	P	相对解释度 Percentage of variance explained/%	F	P	相对解释度 Percentage of variance explained/%	F	P	相对解释度 Percentage of variance explained/%
树种 Tree species (TS)	7	24.233	0.000	70.759	39.923	0.000	61.878	5.413	0.000	58.756	34.521	0.000	39.397
土层 Soil layer (SL)	2	3.736	0.031	3.119	38.443	0.000	17.024	0.485	0.691	19.146	39.370	0.000	1.005
树种×土层TS×SL	14	1.043	0.430	6.092	3.377	0.001	10.450	0.671	0.790	10.426	3.063	0.002	9.781

图2 不同树种和土层硝态氮含量

Figure 2 NO3--N content between different tree species and different soil layers

图3 不同树种和土层无机氮含量

Figure 3 Total inorganic nitrogen content between different tree species and soil layers

图4 不同树种和土层铵态氮/硝态氮

Figure 4 NH4+-N/NO3--N between different tree species and soil layers

图5 铵态氮、硝态氮及其比值和无机氮和土壤理化参数的相关性 MC：土壤含水率；BD：土壤容重；PO：土壤孔隙度；CP：土壤黏粒；SI：土壤粉粒；SG：土壤砂粒；C：土壤有机碳；N：土壤全氮；P：土壤全磷；C/N：碳氮比；N/P：氮磷比；C/P：碳磷比；MBC：微生物生物量碳；MBN：微生物生物量氮；***，P<0.001水平显著；**，P<0.01水平显著；*，P<0.05水平显著；下同

Figure 5 Correlations between inoganic soil nitrogen and soil physio-chemical indexes of soil MC: Soil moisture content; BD: Soil bulk density; PO: Soil porosity; CP: Soil clay particle; SI: Soil silt; SG: Soil sand grain; C: Soil organic carbon; N: Soil total nitrogen; P: Total phosphorus in soil; MBC: Microbial biomass C; MBN: Microbial biomass N; ***: Significant at P<0.001 level, **: Significant at P<0.01 level, *: Significant at P<0.05 level; The same below

图6 铵态氮、硝态氮及其比值和无机氮含量与土壤理化指标的冗余分析

Figure 6 Two-dimensional sequence diagram of redundancy analysis (RDA) between environmental factors and inoganic soil nitrogen contents

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树种和土层对土壤无机氮的影响

Effects of Tree Species and Soil Layers on Soil Extractable Nitrogen Content

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