坡向对北亚热带区马尾松纯林及不同针阔混交林型林下植物多样性的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.003

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1091-1100.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.003

坡向对北亚热带区马尾松纯林及不同针阔混交林型林下植物多样性的影响

张博文(), 秦娟^*(), 任忠明, 陈子齐, 姚舜佳, 刘烨, 宋炎玉

安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥 230036

收稿日期:2021-12-03 出版日期:2022-06-18 发布日期:2022-07-29
通讯作者: *秦娟（1979年生）,女,副教授,博士,主要从事植物生态学研究。E-mail: qjj814@126.com
作者简介:张博文（1998年生）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物生态学。E-mail: zzzborn63@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31901160);安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2019A0206);2020年安徽省省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202010364279)

Effects of Slope Aspect on Understory Plant Diversity of Pinus massoniana Pure Forest and Different Coniferous and Broad-leaved Mixed Forest Types in North Subtropical Region

ZHANG Bowen(), QIN Juan^*(), REN Zhongming, CHEN Ziqi, YAO Shunjia, LIU Ye, SONG Yanyu

College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China

Received:2021-12-03 Online:2022-06-18 Published:2022-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以北亚热带大别山地区马尾松（Pinus massoniana）纯林（PF）及3种不同马尾松针阔混交林型（马尾松-麻栎(Quercus acutissima) 混交林 (PQM)、马尾松-枫香 (Liquidambar formosana) 混交林 (PLM) 和马尾松-化香 (Platycarya strobilacea) 混交林 (PPM)）为研究对象,分析不同坡向（东南坡 (SE) 和西北坡 (NW)）下马尾松4种林型林下植物多样性的变化规律,旨在为该区不同环境梯度下马尾松林生态系统的生产经营与生物多样性保护提供理论参考。结果表明,（1）马尾松4种林型林下出现植物种类共35科49属49种,其中东南坡为23科31属31种,西北坡为26科36属36种;灌木层的物种数表现为：西北坡>东南坡,而草本层的物种数表现为：东南坡>西北坡。（2）马尾松4种林型林下物种数目存在显著差异（P<0.05）,其中马尾松-枫香混交林（PLM）林下物种最丰富（23科26属26种）,而马尾松纯林（PF）林下物种数最少（16科17属17种）;马尾松-麻栎混交林（PQM）和马尾松-枫香混交林林下物种数显著高于马尾松-化香混交林（PPM）和纯林。（3）不同坡向下马尾松4种林型林下灌木层和草本层物种组成和优势种均存在显著差异。东南坡马尾松4种林型林下草本层中,重要值排名靠前且出现频率较高的物种为香港薹草（Carex ligata）和淡竹叶（Lophatherum gracile）,西北坡优势种重要值排名靠前且出现频率较高的物种为泽兰（Eupatorium japonicum）、黑足鳞毛蕨（Dryopteris fuscipes）和香港薹草,两个坡向的草本层共同优势种为香港薹草。在灌木层中,4种林型不同坡向林下植物种类重要值排名靠前且出现频率较高的物种差异较大。（4）坡向对马尾松4种林型林下灌木层和草本层Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Simpson优势度指数影响显著,而对Pielou均匀度指数无显著影响。4种林型中,马尾松-麻栎混交林（PQM）在不同坡向林下灌木层Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Simpson优势度指数均高于其他3种林型。相较马尾松纯林而言,3种马尾松针阔混交林林下植物种类更丰富,多样性程度高,尤其以马尾松-麻栎混交林为最优。

关键词: 北亚热带区, 坡向, 马尾松, 纯林, 针阔混交林, 植物多样性

Abstract:

The pure forest (PF) of Pinus massoniana and three different coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests such as Pinus massoniana-Quercus acutissima mixed forest (PQM), Pinus massoniana and Liquidambar formosana mixed forest (PLM) and Pinus massoniana-Platycarya strobilacea mixed forest (PPM) were selected from the Dabie Mountains of northern subtropical region as the research objects. We analyzed the changes of understory plant diversity of the different forest types under different slope aspects such as Southeast and Northwest slopes. This study can provide the theoretical evidences for the production, management as well as the biodiversity conservation of P. massoniana forest ecosystem under different environmental gradients of this region. The results showed that: (1) There were 49 species, 49 genera, and 35 families in total under the four P. massoniana forest types. Among them, 31 species, 31 genera, and 23 families were included in the forests of southeast slope and 36 species, 36 genera, and 26 families were in the northwest slope. The number of species in the shrub layer on the northwest slope was higher than that on the southeast slope. While the number of species in herb layer was higher on the southeast slope than the northwest slope. (2) There were significant differences in the number of understory species among the four P. massoniana forest types. Among them, the PLM had the most abundant understory species (26 species, 26 genera, and 23 families), while the PF had the least (17 species, 17 genera, and 16 families). The number of species in PQM and PLM were significantly higher than that in the PPM and PF. (3) There were significant differences in species composition and dominant species in shrub layer and herb layer of four P. massoniana types on different slopes. Carex Ligata and Lophatherum gracile were the most important and frequently occurring species in the understory herb layer of four forest types on the southeastern slope. Eupatorium japonicum, Dryopteris fuscipes and Carex ligata were the most important and frequently occurring species in the understory herb layer of four forest types on the northwest slope. Carex sinensis was the common dominant species in the herb layer on both slopes. In the shrub layer, plant species with high frequency and high importance values varied widely among the four forest types on different slopes. (4) Slope aspect had significant effect on Shannon diversity index, Margalef richness index and Simpson index of dominance in understory shrub and herb layers of four P. massoniana forest types, but had no significant effects on Pielou evenness index. Moreover, among the four P. massoniana forest stands, PQM had the highest Shannon diversity index, Margalef richness index and Simpson dominance index in understory shrub layer on different slopes. In conclusion, compared with the PF, the three kinds of mixed forest types had richer understory plant species and higher diversity, especially the PQM.

Key words: north subtropical region, slope aspect, Pinus massoniana, pure forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, plant diversity

中图分类号:

张博文, 秦娟, 任忠明, 陈子齐, 姚舜佳, 刘烨, 宋炎玉. 坡向对北亚热带区马尾松纯林及不同针阔混交林型林下植物多样性的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1091-1100.

ZHANG Bowen, QIN Juan, REN Zhongming, CHEN Ziqi, YAO Shunjia, LIU Ye, SONG Yanyu. Effects of Slope Aspect on Understory Plant Diversity of Pinus massoniana Pure Forest and Different Coniferous and Broad-leaved Mixed Forest Types in North Subtropical Region[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(6): 1091-1100.

图/表 4

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坡向 Slope aspect	林分类型 Forest type	林分密度 Density/ (plant∙hm^-2)	海拔 Altitude/ m	坡度 Slope/ (°)	平均树高 Mean tree height/ m	平均胸径 Mean diameter of breast/ cm	主要树种比例 Proportion of major tree species
东南 South-east (SE)	PF	1510	43	24	马尾松 14.4±2.76Ab	马尾松 24.4±0.84Ba	—
	PQM	1120 (450)	96	24	马尾松 8.5±1.21Aa 麻栎 15.4±1.30Ba	马尾松 19.0±1.12Bc 麻栎 24.3±0.49Bb	马尾松:麻栎=2:1
	PLM	1050 (515)	109	24	马尾松 11.7±1.75Bb 枫香 10.9±4.61Ab	马尾松 22.5±0.66Ab 枫香 23.8±1.02Ab	马尾松:枫香=2:1
	PPM	1095 (360)	51	27	马尾松 11.8±1.55Ab 化香 9.8±0.29Ab	马尾松 24.7±0.97Aa 化香 25.3±1.60Aa	马尾松:化香=3:1
西北 North-west (NW)	PF	1485	47	22	马尾松 15.2±0.78Ab	马尾松 26.7±1.29Aa	—
	PQM	1260 (450)	126	26	马尾松 19.7±0.36Aa 麻栎 18.1±0.52Aa	马尾松 21.1±0.97Abc 麻栎 27.8±0.80Aa	马尾松:麻栎=2:1
	PLM	1050 (515)	126	28	马尾松 13.5±0.63Ac 枫香 11.2±0.61Ab	马尾松 18.9±1.29Bc 枫香 16.9±1.39Bb	马尾松:枫香=2:1
	PPM	1095 (360)	199	30	马尾松 8.8±0.36Bd 化香 8.8±0.85Ac	马尾松 23.2±1.15Bb 化香 18.1±0.66Bb	马尾松:化香=3:1

坡向 Slope aspect	林分类型 Forest type	林分密度 Density/ (plant∙hm^-2)	海拔 Altitude/ m	坡度 Slope/ (°)	平均树高 Mean tree height/ m	平均胸径 Mean diameter of breast/ cm	主要树种比例 Proportion of major tree species
东南 South-east (SE)	PF	1510	43	24	马尾松 14.4±2.76Ab	马尾松 24.4±0.84Ba	—
	PQM	1120 (450)	96	24	马尾松 8.5±1.21Aa 麻栎 15.4±1.30Ba	马尾松 19.0±1.12Bc 麻栎 24.3±0.49Bb	马尾松:麻栎=2:1
	PLM	1050 (515)	109	24	马尾松 11.7±1.75Bb 枫香 10.9±4.61Ab	马尾松 22.5±0.66Ab 枫香 23.8±1.02Ab	马尾松:枫香=2:1
	PPM	1095 (360)	51	27	马尾松 11.8±1.55Ab 化香 9.8±0.29Ab	马尾松 24.7±0.97Aa 化香 25.3±1.60Aa	马尾松:化香=3:1
西北 North-west (NW)	PF	1485	47	22	马尾松 15.2±0.78Ab	马尾松 26.7±1.29Aa	—
	PQM	1260 (450)	126	26	马尾松 19.7±0.36Aa 麻栎 18.1±0.52Aa	马尾松 21.1±0.97Abc 麻栎 27.8±0.80Aa	马尾松:麻栎=2:1
	PLM	1050 (515)	126	28	马尾松 13.5±0.63Ac 枫香 11.2±0.61Ab	马尾松 18.9±1.29Bc 枫香 16.9±1.39Bb	马尾松:枫香=2:1
	PPM	1095 (360)	199	30	马尾松 8.8±0.36Bd 化香 8.8±0.85Ac	马尾松 23.2±1.15Bb 化香 18.1±0.66Bb	马尾松:化香=3:1

坡向 Slope aspects	林分类型 Forest type	灌木层重要值/%	草本层重要值/%
东南 South-east (SE)	PF	檵木 Loropetalum (45.39±6.16a) 马尾松 P. massoniana (19.90±2.15b) 山矾 Symplocos sumuntia (13.17±2.56c)	欧洲蕨 Pteridium aquilinum (48.66±10.77a) 淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile (32.18±4.48b)
	PQM	麻栎Quercus acutissima (17.61±2.41a) 白蜡 Fraxinus chinensis (17.29±1.76a) 黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana (15.94±1.01ab)	泽兰 Eupatorium japonicum (56.37±11.62a) 小蓬草 Conyza canadensis (7.89±4.05b) 兰香草 Caryopteris incana (5.01±4.01b)
	PLM	麻栎 Quercus acutissima (28.26±4.63a) 黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana (24.28±6.52a) 黄连木 Pistacia chinensis (17.03±3.40ab)	香港薹草 Carex ligata (36.15±6.20a) 淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile (28.16±6.93ab) 紫苑 Aster tataricus (23.14±1.08b)
	PPM	牡荆 Vitex negundo (29.22±4.04a) 白背叶 Mallotus apelta (22.72±5.96ab) 化香 Platycarya strobilacea (14.54±5.46bc)	香港薹草 Carex ligata (68.29±4.34a) 铁线蕨 Adiantum capillus-veneris (8.66±6.72b)
西北 North-west (NW)	PF	白背叶 Mallotus apelta (28.84±4.77 a) 杜鹃 Rhododendron simsii (23.93±2.76ab) 菝葜 Smilax china (17.64±2.28bc)	芒 Miscanthus sinensis (46.47±20.83a ) 香港薹草 Carex ligata (18.22±10.47ab ) 泽兰 Eupatorium japonicum (7.63±4.77c)
	PQM	络石 Trachelospermum jasminoides (18.50±8.43a) 麻栎 Quercus acutissima (13.42±1.84ab) 白背叶 Mallotus apelta (13.40±3.27ab)	泽兰 Eupatorium japonicum (64.63±5.93a) 紫苑 Aster tataricus (27.81±2.64b)
	PLM	山莓 Rubus corchorifolius (29.37±5.71a) 刚竹 Phyllostachys sulphurea (25.97±5.85a) 白背叶 Mallotus apelta (6.89±3.27b)	狗脊 Woodwardia japonica (53.29±2.98a) 小蓬草 Conyza canadensis (14.10±4.54b) 黑足鳞毛蕨 Dryopteris fuscipes (12.97±8.44b)
	PPM	山莓 Rubus corchorifolius (37.83±1.47a) 白背叶 Mallotus apelta (16.95±10.17b) 紫藤 Wisteria sinensis (12.43±6.23b)	黑足鳞毛蕨 Dryopteris fuscipes (32.94±7.25a) 香港薹草 Carex ligata (29.27±5.50a) 博落回 Macleaya cordata (15.89±2.67b)

坡向 Slope aspects	林分类型 Forest type	灌木层重要值/%	草本层重要值/%
东南 South-east (SE)	PF	檵木 Loropetalum (45.39±6.16a) 马尾松 P. massoniana (19.90±2.15b) 山矾 Symplocos sumuntia (13.17±2.56c)	欧洲蕨 Pteridium aquilinum (48.66±10.77a) 淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile (32.18±4.48b)
	PQM	麻栎Quercus acutissima (17.61±2.41a) 白蜡 Fraxinus chinensis (17.29±1.76a) 黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana (15.94±1.01ab)	泽兰 Eupatorium japonicum (56.37±11.62a) 小蓬草 Conyza canadensis (7.89±4.05b) 兰香草 Caryopteris incana (5.01±4.01b)
	PLM	麻栎 Quercus acutissima (28.26±4.63a) 黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana (24.28±6.52a) 黄连木 Pistacia chinensis (17.03±3.40ab)	香港薹草 Carex ligata (36.15±6.20a) 淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile (28.16±6.93ab) 紫苑 Aster tataricus (23.14±1.08b)
	PPM	牡荆 Vitex negundo (29.22±4.04a) 白背叶 Mallotus apelta (22.72±5.96ab) 化香 Platycarya strobilacea (14.54±5.46bc)	香港薹草 Carex ligata (68.29±4.34a) 铁线蕨 Adiantum capillus-veneris (8.66±6.72b)
西北 North-west (NW)	PF	白背叶 Mallotus apelta (28.84±4.77 a) 杜鹃 Rhododendron simsii (23.93±2.76ab) 菝葜 Smilax china (17.64±2.28bc)	芒 Miscanthus sinensis (46.47±20.83a ) 香港薹草 Carex ligata (18.22±10.47ab ) 泽兰 Eupatorium japonicum (7.63±4.77c)
	PQM	络石 Trachelospermum jasminoides (18.50±8.43a) 麻栎 Quercus acutissima (13.42±1.84ab) 白背叶 Mallotus apelta (13.40±3.27ab)	泽兰 Eupatorium japonicum (64.63±5.93a) 紫苑 Aster tataricus (27.81±2.64b)
	PLM	山莓 Rubus corchorifolius (29.37±5.71a) 刚竹 Phyllostachys sulphurea (25.97±5.85a) 白背叶 Mallotus apelta (6.89±3.27b)	狗脊 Woodwardia japonica (53.29±2.98a) 小蓬草 Conyza canadensis (14.10±4.54b) 黑足鳞毛蕨 Dryopteris fuscipes (12.97±8.44b)
	PPM	山莓 Rubus corchorifolius (37.83±1.47a) 白背叶 Mallotus apelta (16.95±10.17b) 紫藤 Wisteria sinensis (12.43±6.23b)	黑足鳞毛蕨 Dryopteris fuscipes (32.94±7.25a) 香港薹草 Carex ligata (29.27±5.50a) 博落回 Macleaya cordata (15.89±2.67b)

坡向对北亚热带区马尾松纯林及不同针阔混交林型林下植物多样性的影响

Effects of Slope Aspect on Understory Plant Diversity of Pinus massoniana Pure Forest and Different Coniferous and Broad-leaved Mixed Forest Types in North Subtropical Region

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