青海湖高寒湿地土壤细菌群落对氮添加的响应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.004

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1101-1109.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.004

青海湖高寒湿地土壤细菌群落对氮添加的响应

朱锦福¹(), 黄瑞灵¹^,², 董志强¹, 毛晓宁¹, 周华坤³^,^*()

1.青海师范大学,青海西宁 810008
2.开封市祥符区农业农村局,河南开封 475199
3.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所/青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室,青海西宁 810008

收稿日期:2022-01-21 出版日期:2022-06-18 发布日期:2022-07-29
通讯作者: *E-mail: hkzhou@nwipb.cas.cn
作者简介:朱锦福（1972年生）,男,副教授,主要研究方向为草地生态学。E-mail: zjf@qhnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
青海省科技厅项目(2019-ZJ-7068)

Response of the Soil Bacterial Community to Nitrogen Addition in Alpine Wetland of Qinghai Lake

ZHU Jinfu¹(), HUANG Ruiling¹^,², DONG Zhiqiang¹, MAO Xiaoning¹, ZHOU Huakun³^,^*()

1. Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, P. R. China
2. Agricultural and Rural affairs Bureau of Xiangfu District, Kaifeng 475199, P. R. China
3. Key Laboratory of Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Qinghai Province/Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, P. R. China

Received:2022-01-21 Online:2022-06-18 Published:2022-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于高通量基因测序技术,分析氮添加对高寒湿地表层（0—15 cm）和深层（15—30 cm）土壤细菌多样性以及群落组成结构特征的影响,为青藏高原高寒湿地生态系统管理提供理论依据。设置4个氮梯度处理,施氮水平分别为0、2、5、10 g∙m^-2,每个处理设置3次重复,于生长季末采集土样进行分析。结果表明,（1）氮添加降低了表层土壤细菌丰度,ACE和Chao1丰度指数均以N10处理最低,丰度指数分别为1451.39和1483.19;而深层土壤的ACE和Chao1丰度指数与表层土壤的变化不一致,N10处理丰度指数最高,分别为1458.71和1496.97。与N0对比,各处理的Simpson指数在表层土壤呈递增趋势,在深层土壤均有所下降,但差异不大。氮添加增加了表层土壤细菌多样性,但降低了深层土壤细菌多样性。（2）RDA分析表明,表层土壤中硝态氮、全氮、水分、氨态氮、有机碳对细菌在门水平上产生显著影响;氮添加降低了青海湖湿地表层土壤细菌的丰度,增加了表层土壤细菌Simpson多样性;表层土壤细菌群落组成受土壤理化因子影响更显著,且氨态氮对表层土壤细菌群落贡献最大,有机碳对深层土壤细菌群落组成影响最大。

关键词: 青海湖, 高寒湿地, 土壤细菌群落, 多样性, 氮添加, 响应

Abstract:

Based on the high-throughput gene sequencing technology, this study analyzed the effects of nitrogen addition on soil bacterial diversity, community composition, and structural characteristics in the surface (0-15 cm) and deep layers (15-30 cm) of alpine wetlands to provide a theoretical basis for the management of alpine wetland ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Four nitrogen gradient treatments were set up in this study with nitrogen application levels of 0 g∙m^-2, 2 g∙m^-2, 5 g∙m^-2 and 10 g∙m^-2, respectively. Each treatment was repeated three times and soil samples were collected at the end of the growing season for analysis. The results showed that: (1) Nitrogen addition decreased the bacterial abundance in the surface soil, and abundance indices of ACE and Chao1 were the lowest in the N10 treatment, with indices of 1451.39 and 1483.19, respectively. The species richness indices of ACE and Chao1 in deep soil were inconsistent with that in the surface soil, and the abundance of N10 treatment had the highest indices of 1458.71 and 1496.97, respectively. Compared with N0, the Simpson index of each treatment showed an increasing trend in the surface soil and decreased in the deep soil, but the difference was not significant. Nitrogen supplementation increased the soil bacterial diversity in the surface layer, but decreased it in the deep layer. (2) RDA analysis showed that nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, water, ammonia nitrogen, and organic carbon in the surface soil had significant effects on bacteria at the phylum level. Nitrogen addition decreased the abundance of soil bacteria and increased the Simpson diversity of surface soil bacteria. The composition of soil bacterial community was more significantly affected by soil physical and chemical factors, and ammonia nitrogen had the greatest contribution to the composition of soil bacterial community, while organic carbon and pH had the greatest impact on the composition of soil bacterial community.

Key words: Qinghai Lake, alpine wetland, soil bacteria community, diversity, nitrogen addition, response

中图分类号:

Q938.1
X172

朱锦福, 黄瑞灵, 董志强, 毛晓宁, 周华坤. 青海湖高寒湿地土壤细菌群落对氮添加的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1101-1109.

ZHU Jinfu, HUANG Ruiling, DONG Zhiqiang, MAO Xiaoning, ZHOU Huakun. Response of the Soil Bacterial Community to Nitrogen Addition in Alpine Wetland of Qinghai Lake[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(6): 1101-1109.

图/表 6

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土层 Soil	处理 Treatment	pH	含水率 MC/%	w_(TC)/(g∙kg^-1)	w_(OC)/(g∙kg^-1)	w_(TN)/(g∙kg^-1)	w_(NH4+-N)/(mg∙kg^-1)	w_(NO3--N)/(mg∙kg^-1)
表层 Surface soil	N0	7.30±0.10	518.23±22.11a	12.36±2.85a	8.48±0.51a	7.94±1.28a	2.83±0.55a	1.67±0.67a
	N2	7.43±0.15	554.00±27.58a	11.62±0.60a	8.45±0.67a	6.10±1.44a	2.03±0.51b	3.00±1.00b
	N5	7.40±0.20	569.83±46.39a	13.40±0.67b	9.52±1.39b	4.78±2.59ab	2.80±1.51ab	3.07±2.37b
	N10	7.47±0.15	580.17±32.40a	13.30±3.13b	9.69±1.61b	3.64±2.77b	2.77±0.64a	2.00±0.35ab
深层 Deep soil	N0	7.33±0.21	465.03±20.27b	11.89±2.94c	7.55±2.45c	1.52±0.60c	3.47±1.59c	1.43±0.50c
	N2	7.37±0.06	493.07±66.74b	9.73±0.28d	6.34±0.62d	5.22±3.49c	1.53±0.93d	2.40±1.47d
	N5	7.57±0.06	534.47±26.70c	12.12±0.97c	6.69±1.30d	10.39±1.04d	4.00±0.72c	1.17±0.40c
	N10	7.40±0.17	523.03±52.54c	10.68±2.62c	6.22±2.62d	7.31±3.01cd	3.70±1.64c	1.60±1.31c

土层 Soil	处理 Treatment	pH	含水率 MC/%	w_(TC)/(g∙kg^-1)	w_(OC)/(g∙kg^-1)	w_(TN)/(g∙kg^-1)	w_(NH4+-N)/(mg∙kg^-1)	w_(NO3--N)/(mg∙kg^-1)
表层 Surface soil	N0	7.30±0.10	518.23±22.11a	12.36±2.85a	8.48±0.51a	7.94±1.28a	2.83±0.55a	1.67±0.67a
	N2	7.43±0.15	554.00±27.58a	11.62±0.60a	8.45±0.67a	6.10±1.44a	2.03±0.51b	3.00±1.00b
	N5	7.40±0.20	569.83±46.39a	13.40±0.67b	9.52±1.39b	4.78±2.59ab	2.80±1.51ab	3.07±2.37b
	N10	7.47±0.15	580.17±32.40a	13.30±3.13b	9.69±1.61b	3.64±2.77b	2.77±0.64a	2.00±0.35ab
深层 Deep soil	N0	7.33±0.21	465.03±20.27b	11.89±2.94c	7.55±2.45c	1.52±0.60c	3.47±1.59c	1.43±0.50c
	N2	7.37±0.06	493.07±66.74b	9.73±0.28d	6.34±0.62d	5.22±3.49c	1.53±0.93d	2.40±1.47d
	N5	7.57±0.06	534.47±26.70c	12.12±0.97c	6.69±1.30d	10.39±1.04d	4.00±0.72c	1.17±0.40c
	N10	7.40±0.17	523.03±52.54c	10.68±2.62c	6.22±2.62d	7.31±3.01cd	3.70±1.64c	1.60±1.31c

土层 Soil	处理 Treatment	有效读数 Effective Reads	OTU数 OTU number	细菌数量 Bacteria number/(10⁶ cfu∙g^-1)	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香浓指数 Shannon index
表层 Surface soil	N0	76926	1557	9.43	1475.02	1491.83	0.9938	8.63
	N2	75666	1585	6.68	1511.91	1545.14	0.9943	8.74
	N5	75691	1561	108.81	1458.24	1489.66	0.9936	8.48
	N10	76087	1519	78.35	1451.39	1483.19	0.9949	8.81
深层 Deep soil	N0	76835	1465	7.26	1370.09	1385.19	0.9932	8.38
	N2	76945	1507	3.13	1412.17	1434.09	0.9898	8.21
	N5	77097	1572	104.65	1455.71	1475.91	0.9876	8.32
	N10	76618	1532	49.57	1458.71	1496.97	0.9918	8.31

土层 Soil	处理 Treatment	有效读数 Effective Reads	OTU数 OTU number	细菌数量 Bacteria number/(10⁶ cfu∙g^-1)	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香浓指数 Shannon index
表层 Surface soil	N0	76926	1557	9.43	1475.02	1491.83	0.9938	8.63
	N2	75666	1585	6.68	1511.91	1545.14	0.9943	8.74
	N5	75691	1561	108.81	1458.24	1489.66	0.9936	8.48
	N10	76087	1519	78.35	1451.39	1483.19	0.9949	8.81
深层 Deep soil	N0	76835	1465	7.26	1370.09	1385.19	0.9932	8.38
	N2	76945	1507	3.13	1412.17	1434.09	0.9898	8.21
	N5	77097	1572	104.65	1455.71	1475.91	0.9876	8.32
	N10	76618	1532	49.57	1458.71	1496.97	0.9918	8.31

指标 Index	ACE指数 ACE index		Chao1指数 Chao1 index		辛普森指数 Simpson index		香浓指数 Shannon index
指标 Index	0-15	15-30	0-15	15-30	0-15	15-30	0-15	15-30
pH	0.051	0.566	0.271	0.517	0.344	0.645*	0.317	0.585*
含水率MC	-0.146	0.729**	-0.066	0.739**	-0.066	0.273	0.234	-0.060
有机碳OC	-0.419	0.706**	-0.400	0.683*	0.167	0.300	0.322	0.320
全碳TC	-0.659*	-0.003	-0.552	0.033	-0.045	-0.618*	-0.278	-0.151
氨态氮NH₄⁺-N	-0.346	0.123	-0.515	0.154	-0.775**	0.242	-0.664*	0.467
硝态氮NO₃^--N	0.487	-0.310	0.724**	-0.340	0.151	-0.203	0.056	-0.662*
全氮TN	0.208	0.631*	0.070	0.637*	0.015	0.407	-0.211	0.348

青海湖高寒湿地土壤细菌群落对氮添加的响应

Response of the Soil Bacterial Community to Nitrogen Addition in Alpine Wetland of Qinghai Lake

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