马尾松与乡土阔叶树种凋落叶纤维素、总酚以及缩合单宁降解的混合效应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.011

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 1813-1822.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.011

马尾松与乡土阔叶树种凋落叶纤维素、总酚以及缩合单宁降解的混合效应

李勋¹(), 崔宁洁², 张艳¹, 覃宇³, 张健⁴^,^*()

1.四川民族学院/横断山区生态修复与特色产业培育研究中心,四川康定 626001
2.四川省林业和草原调查规划院,四川成都 610000
3.中国科学院成都生物研究所,四川成都 610000
4.四川农业大学林学院/生态林业工程重点实验室/长江上游生态安全协同创新中心,四川成都 611130

收稿日期:2022-04-02 出版日期:2022-09-18 发布日期:2022-11-07
通讯作者: *张健,教授。E-mail: sicauzhangjian@163.com
作者简介:李勋（1990年生）,男,讲师,博士,主要从事长江上游马尾松低效林改造研究工作。E-mail: 502780405@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31370628);四川省科技支撑计划项目(12ZC0017);四川民族学院自办科研项目(XYZB2003ZA)

Mixed Effects on Cellulose, Total phenols and Condensed Tannins Degradation in the Litter Leaves of Pinus massoniana and Native Broad-leaved Tree Species

LI Xun¹(), CUI Ningjie², ZHANG Yan¹, QIN Yu³, ZHANG Jian⁴^,^*()

1. Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Characteristic Industry Cultivation in Hengduan Mountains Region, Sichuan Minzu College, Kangding, 626000, P. R. China
2. Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Inventory and Planning Institute, Chengdu, 610000, P. R. China
3. Chengdu Institute of biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610000, P. R. China
4. Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecological Engineering in Sichuan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Security in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China

Received:2022-04-02 Online:2022-09-18 Published:2022-11-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凋落叶分解是森林生态系统中养分归还的重要途径,难降解物质的分解速率是控制凋落叶分解的关键过程之一,从而调控森林生态系统的物质循环。为进一步了解森林凋落叶分解过程中纤维素、总酚以及缩合单宁的释放规律,以马尾松（Pinus massoniana,P）、檫木（Sassafras tzumu,S）、香樟（Cinnamomum camphora,C）以及香椿（Toona sinensis,T）凋落叶为实验对象,将以上4个树种的凋落叶按照不同的树种组合以及不同的混合比例设置为31个混合处理后,采用凋落袋法开展野外分解实验。结果表明,大部分凋落叶中纤维素、总酚以及缩合单宁降解率均表现出非加性效应,且主要表现为非加性效应中的协同效应,但是凋落叶在不同分解时期的协同效应有所差异：混合凋落叶纤维素的降解率在分解9个月和12个月后的协同效应较强（74.19%和90.32%）,总酚则是在分解3个月、6个月以及15个月表现出较强的协同效应（70.97%-74.19%）,而缩合单宁在整个分解过程中的协同效应均较强（67.74%-96.77%）。在所有混合凋落叶处理中,这些含有2-3个阔叶树种,且阔叶树种凋落叶质量占比≥30%（PSCT7111、PSCT6211、PST631、PSC613、PCT721、PCT613）的混合处理,其纤维素、总酚和缩合单宁降解率在≥50%的分解实验时期出现协同效应。可见,将马尾松与香樟、香椿以及檫木凋落叶混合后加快了纤维素、总酚和缩合单宁的降解进程,在后期马尾松纯林的“混交化”改造过程中,适当引入乡土阔叶树种可促进凋落叶中纤维素等物质的降解。

关键词: 马尾松, 乡土树种, 凋落物分解, 纤维素, 总酚, 缩合单宁

Abstract:

Litter decomposition is an important way to restore nutrients in forest ecosystems. A large number of studies have shown that the degradation rate of refractory substances regulates the material cycle of forest ecosystems by controlling the decomposition rate of litter. In this study, the release processes of cellulose, total phenols and condensed tannins from leaf litter decomposition were investigated by using the leaf litter of Pinus massoniana (P), Sassafras tzumu (S), Cinnamomum camphora (C) and Toona sinensis (T) alone and combined. A total of 35 treatments with different leaf litter combinations and different mixing ratios were set up in this study. The results showed that the release of cellulose, total phenols and condensed tannins exhibited a non-additive effect with mainly a synergistic effect in most of mixed litter treatments. However, the synergistic effect of leaf litter decomposition varied at different decomposition periods. The strongest synergistic effect of cellulose degradation occurred after 9 and 12 months of decomposition (74.19% and 90.32%). For total phenols degradation, the strongest synergistic effect happened after 3, 6 and 15 months of decomposition (70.97%-74.19%), while the strongest synergistic effect of condensed tannins degradation occurred during the whole decomposition process (67.74%-96.77%). When all the leaf litters were combined, the treatments contained 2-3 broad-leaved tree species and no less than 30% of litter leaf mass of broad-leaved tree species (PSCT7111, PSCT6211, PST631, PSC613, PCT721, PCT613) had strong synergistic effects on the degradation of cellulose, total phenols and condensed tannins most of the time. Therefore, the mixed litter leaves of P. massoniana and native broad-leaved trees promoted the degradation of cellulose, total phenols and condensed tannins. Our study indicated that appropriately introducing broad-leaved trees species in P. massoniana pure forests can promote the degradation of cellulose and other substances from the leaf litters.

Key words: Pinus massoniana, native tree species, litter decomposition, cellulose, total phenols, condensed tannins

中图分类号:

李勋, 崔宁洁, 张艳, 覃宇, 张健. 马尾松与乡土阔叶树种凋落叶纤维素、总酚以及缩合单宁降解的混合效应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(9): 1813-1822.

LI Xun, CUI Ningjie, ZHANG Yan, QIN Yu, ZHANG Jian. Mixed Effects on Cellulose, Total phenols and Condensed Tannins Degradation in the Litter Leaves of Pinus massoniana and Native Broad-leaved Tree Species[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(9): 1813-1822.

图/表 7

表1 样地基本信息

Table 1 Basic information on the three plots

样地 Plot	pH	w_(TC)/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(TN)/ (g∙kg^-1)	土壤容重 Soil bulk density/(g∙cm^-3)	海拔 Altitude/m	坡度 Slope/(°)	坡向 Aspect
1	4.6±0.2	14.27±2.01	0.73±0.15	1.42±0.03	811.22±13.35	10.67±5.31	S
2	4.1±0.1	13.67±2.11	0.70±0.11	1.41±0.11	824.94±11.45	13.11±6.31	SE
3	4.1±0.1	14.11±3.12	0.70±0.21	1.42±0.14	812.44±12.35	16.23±4.06	SE

表2 试验设计

Table 2 Design of tests

处理 Treatment	混合比例 Mixed proportion
P/S/C/T	10/0
PC	8/2、7/3、6/4
PS	8/2、7/3、6/4
PT	8/2、7/3、6/4
PSC	8/1/1、7/2/1、7/1/2、6/2/2、6/3/1、6/1/3
PCT	8/1/1、7/2/1、7/1/2、6/2/2、6/3/1、6/1/3
PST	8/1/1、7/2/1、7/1/2、6/2/2、6/3/1、6/1/3
PSCT	7/1/1/1、6/2/1/1、6/1/1/2、6/1/2/1

表3 凋落叶的初始质量特征

Table 3 Initial quality characteristics of foliar litters

指标 Index	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	檫木 Sassafras tzumu	香樟 Cinnamomum camphor	香椿 Toona sinensis
w_(C)/(g∙kg^-1)	452.71±6.27A	413.74±2.77B	420.77±6.32B	378.95±2.42C
w_(N)/(g∙kg^-1)	6.07±0.41C	6.37±0.40BC	8.22±0.47B	11.46±0.40A
w_(P)/(g∙kg^-1)	0.92±0.02C	0.88±0.02BC	1.11±0.07B	1.41±0.06A
w_(Lignin)/(g∙kg^-1)	351.07±8.64A	173.01±9.96B	149.63±4.16BC	134.40±6.02C
w_(Cellulose)/(g∙kg^-1)	136.46±12.72A	96.83±4.54B	144.72±5.81A	99.19±3.51B
w_{(Total phenol)}/(g∙kg^-1)	54.17±2.10A	35.42±0.11B	14.82±0.30D	29.05±0.44C
w_{(Condensed tannin)/(}g∙kg^-1)	24.75±0.77A	14.37±0.43B	13.38±0.07B	3.67±0.01C
w_(C)/w_(N)	75.34±5.43A	65.47±3.93AB	51.52±2.81B	33.16±1.33C
w_(C)/w_(P)	492.79±16.40A	472.55±11.19AB	380.54±21.27B	269.45±8.99C
w_(N)/w_(P)	6.59±0.38A	7.26±0.35A	7.47±0.76A	8.17±0.54A
w_(Lignin)/w_(N)	58.24±2.86A	27.50±2.92B	18.38±1.52BC	11.76±0.67C
w_(Lignin)/w_(P)	381.87±10.95A	197.57±11.74B	135.45±9.37C	95.84±7.30C

图1 31 种不同处理混合凋落叶不同分解时期纤维素降解率的相对混合效应（观测值-预期值） a、b、c、d、e、f、g和h分别表示凋落物分解3、6、9、12、15、18、21和24个月的纤维素降解率的混合效应,柱形图为正值表示观测值>预期值,柱形图为负值表示观测值<预期值。统计显著性水平：**表示P<0.01和*表示P<0.05,百分数值表示31种混合处理中,达到显著混合效应的比例

图a Relative mixing effects of 31 different treatments on the degradation rate of cellulose in mixed litter at different decomposition stages (observed-expected) a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h represent the mixed effects after decomposed for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months, respectively. The insets show differences between the observed values and the expected values for the given variables, where a positive value indicates an observed value>the expected value and vice versa; statistical significance levels: **, P<0.01 and *, P<0.05 for comparisons between the observed and expected values. The percentage value indicate the proportion of corresponding significant interactions in a total of 31 cases. The same as below

图2 31种不同处理混合凋落叶不同分解时期总酚降解率的相对混合效应（观测值-预期值） a、b、c、d、e、f、g和h分别表示凋落物分解3、6、9、12、15、18、21和24个月的总酚降解率的混合效应

图a Relative mixing effects of 31 different treatments on the degradation rate of total phenol in mixed litter at different decomposition stages (observed-expected) a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h represent the mixed effects after decomposed for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months, respectively

图3 31种不同处理混合凋落叶不同分解时期缩合单宁降解率的相对混合效应（观测值-预期值） a、b、c、d、e、f、g和h分别表示凋落物分解3、6、9、12、15、18、21和24个月的缩合单宁降解率的混合效应

图a Relative mixing effects of 31 different treatments on the degradation rate of condensed tannins in mixed litter at different decomposition stages (observed-expected) a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h represent the mixed effects after decomposed for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months, respectively

图4 凋落叶初始化学性质与纤维素（a）、总酚（b）以及缩合单宁（c）混合效应的偏最小二乘回归分析

Figure 4 Results of the PLS regression analysis of initial chemical properties of litter and mixed effects of cellulose (a), total phenols (b) and condensed tannins (c)

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马尾松与乡土阔叶树种凋落叶纤维素、总酚以及缩合单宁降解的混合效应

Mixed Effects on Cellulose, Total phenols and Condensed Tannins Degradation in the Litter Leaves of Pinus massoniana and Native Broad-leaved Tree Species

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