武夷山天然针阔混交林与毛竹人工林土壤性质差异

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 1599-1606.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.006

武夷山天然针阔混交林与毛竹人工林土壤性质差异

祁雪连¹(), 葛晓敏², 钱壮壮¹, 张康¹, 郑旭¹, 钱琦¹, 丁晖², 唐罗忠¹^,^*()

1.南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京 210037
2.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所自然保护与生物多样性研究中心/国家环境保护武夷山生态环境科学观测研究站/武夷山生物多样性综合观测站/国家环境保护生物安全重点实验室,江苏南京 210042

收稿日期:2021-03-03 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-11-03
通讯作者: * 唐罗忠,教授,主要从事森林培育理论与技术研究。E-mail: luozhongtang@njfu.edu.cn
作者简介:祁雪连（1996年生）,女,硕士,主要开展森林生态系统土壤学研究。E-mail: 1479674671@qq.com
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(GYZX200203);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(GYZX210503);生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目(2110404);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)

Differences of Soil Properties between Natural Mixed Coniferous and Broad-leaved Forest and Moso Bamboo Plantation in Wuyi Mountains

QI Xuelian¹(), GE Xiaomin², QIAN Zhuangzhuang¹, ZHANG Kang¹, ZHENG Xu¹, QIAN Qi¹, DING Hui², TANG Luozhong¹^,^*()

1. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Research Center for Nature Conservation and Biodiversity/State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment/Biodiversity Comprehensive Observation Station for Wuyi Mountains/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China

Received:2021-03-03 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究武夷山高海拔天然针阔混交林改造成毛竹人工林后土壤性质的变化规律及其原因,为今后制定天然林保护和人工林可持续经营方案提供参考,在福建省武夷山市星村镇桐木村选择相邻的天然针阔混交林和毛竹人工林（50年前由天然针阔混交林改造而来）为研究对象,采集两种林分的表层土壤（0—10 cm）和亚表层土壤（10—20 cm）,分析了土壤碳氮磷钾等主要元素全量、土壤无机氮含量、微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量,以及脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性等指标。结果表明,天然针阔混交林改造成毛竹林后表层土壤和亚表层土壤的pH、电导率、有机碳、全氮、全磷和有效磷含量显著降低（P<0.05）,土壤全钾含量显著提高（P<0.05）;表层土壤微生物碳氮含量及亚表层土壤微生物碳含量显著提高（P<0.05）,而亚表层土壤的微生物氮含量则无明显变化（P>0.05）;表层土壤和亚表层土壤的铵态氮含量显著降低（P<0.05）,硝态氮含量虽然显著上升（P<0.05）,但硝态氮含量占无机氮总量的比例极小;表层土壤和亚表层土壤的脲酶活性分别降低7.4%和19.2%（P<0.05）,过氧化氢酶活性呈下降趋势,但下降幅度不显著（P>0.05）。武夷山天然针阔混交林改造成毛竹人工林后,土壤酸化、土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性降低、碳氮磷等元素含量减少,土壤肥力总体下降。

关键词: 武夷山, 土壤性状, 天然林, 人工林, 针阔混交林, 毛竹林

Abstract:

In order to explore the soil properties differences and its causes after conversion from natural mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest to moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) plantation in Wuyi Mountains, and to provide the references for the protection of the natural forest and the sustainable management of the plantation, the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and the moso bamboo plantation (It was converted from a mixed natural coniferous and broad-leaved forest 50 years ago) were selected as the study plots at Tongmu Village, Xingcun Town, Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province, China. The surface (0-10 cm) and subsurface soil (10-20 cm) of the two stands were collected for assessing the contents of soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, inorganic nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), urease and catalase activities. The results showed that the pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents in surface and subsurface soils were significantly decreased (P<0.05) after conversion from natural mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest to moso bamboo plantation, while the total potassium content was significantly increased (P<0.05); the MBC and MBN in surface soil and MBC in subsurface soil were significantly increased (P<0.05). The content of the MBN in subsurface soil showed no significant difference between the moso bamboo plantation and the natural forest (P>0.05). The contents of NH₄⁺-N in surface and subsurface soils were significantly decreased (P<0.05) while NO₃^--N increased significantly (P<0.05). The proportion of the NO₃^--N content in total inorganic nitrogen was very low. The urease activities in surface and subsurface soils significantly decreased by 7.4% and 19.2%, respectively (P<0.05); the catalase activities in moso bamboo plantation decreased but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). In a word, the pH, urease and catalase activities, and fertility of soil decreased after conversion from natural mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest to moso bamboo plantation in Wuyi Mountains.

Key words: Wuyi Mountains, soil property, natural forest, plantation, mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest, moso bamboo forest

中图分类号:

祁雪连, 葛晓敏, 钱壮壮, 张康, 郑旭, 钱琦, 丁晖, 唐罗忠. 武夷山天然针阔混交林与毛竹人工林土壤性质差异[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(8): 1599-1606.

QI Xuelian, GE Xiaomin, QIAN Zhuangzhuang, ZHANG Kang, ZHENG Xu, QIAN Qi, DING Hui, TANG Luozhong. Differences of Soil Properties between Natural Mixed Coniferous and Broad-leaved Forest and Moso Bamboo Plantation in Wuyi Mountains[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(8): 1599-1606.

图/表 6

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土层 Soil layer/ cm	林分类型 Stand type	pH	电导率Conductivity γ/(μs∙cm^-1)	碳质量分数w_(C)/ (g∙kg^-1)	全氮质量分数 w_{(total nitrogen)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(C)/ w_(N)	全磷质量分数 w_{(total phosphorus)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	全钾质量分数 w_{(total potassium)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	有效磷质量分数 w_{(available phosphorus)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	速效钾质量分数 w_{(available potassium)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)
0-10	针阔混交林MCB	4.37±0.07a	99.5±1.7a	121.62±0.02a	4.03±0.01a	30.18±0.59a	0.68±0.01a	3.53±0.01b	3.19±0.01a	110.60±0.47b
0-10	毛竹林MB	3.82±0.03b	87.8±0.4b	111.23±0.07b	3.22±0.02b	34.54±2.53a	0.56±0.01b	4.89±0.02a	2.88±0.10b	121.55±0.77a
10-20	针阔混交林MCB	4.43±0.01a	53.8±1.7a	70.38±0.10a	2.42±0.03a	29.08±3.93a	0.50±0.01a	3.57±0.01b	1.04±0.20a	68.99±0.08a
10-20	毛竹林MB	4.24±0.01b	50.9±0.5a	60.76±0.03b	2.03±0.01b	29.93±1.95a	0.43±0.01b	6.21±0.01a	0.89±0.05a	70.23±1.05a

土层 Soil layer/ cm	林分类型 Stand type	pH	电导率Conductivity γ/(μs∙cm^-1)	碳质量分数w_(C)/ (g∙kg^-1)	全氮质量分数 w_{(total nitrogen)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(C)/ w_(N)	全磷质量分数 w_{(total phosphorus)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	全钾质量分数 w_{(total potassium)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	有效磷质量分数 w_{(available phosphorus)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	速效钾质量分数 w_{(available potassium)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)
0-10	针阔混交林MCB	4.37±0.07a	99.5±1.7a	121.62±0.02a	4.03±0.01a	30.18±0.59a	0.68±0.01a	3.53±0.01b	3.19±0.01a	110.60±0.47b
0-10	毛竹林MB	3.82±0.03b	87.8±0.4b	111.23±0.07b	3.22±0.02b	34.54±2.53a	0.56±0.01b	4.89±0.02a	2.88±0.10b	121.55±0.77a
10-20	针阔混交林MCB	4.43±0.01a	53.8±1.7a	70.38±0.10a	2.42±0.03a	29.08±3.93a	0.50±0.01a	3.57±0.01b	1.04±0.20a	68.99±0.08a
10-20	毛竹林MB	4.24±0.01b	50.9±0.5a	60.76±0.03b	2.03±0.01b	29.93±1.95a	0.43±0.01b	6.21±0.01a	0.89±0.05a	70.23±1.05a

	pH	电导率Conductivity	碳含量Carbon content	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content	全磷含量 Total phosphorus content	全钾含量Total potassium content	土壤C/N比Soil C/N ratio	微生物碳含量MBC	微生物氮含量MBN	微生物 C/N比MBC/ MBN ratio	铵态氮含量Ammonium nitrogen content	硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content	有效磷含量Available phosphorus content	速效钾含量Available potassium content	脲酶活性Urease activity	过氧化氢酶活性Catalase activity
pH	1
电导率 Conductivity	-0.319	1
碳含量 Carbon content	-0.342	0.995**	1
全氮含量 Total nitrogen content	-0.104	0.974*	0.970*	1
全磷含量 Total phosphorus content	0.028	0.931	0.930	0.990*	1
全钾含量 Total potassium content	-0.439	-0.429	-0.475	-0.594	-0.690	1
土壤C/N比 Soil C/N ratio	-0.970*	0.514	0.544	0.323	0.201	0.220	1
微生物碳含量 MBC	-0.726	0.815	0.794	0.666	0.553	0.154	0.802	1
微生物氮含量 MBN	-0.842	0.755	0.783	0.608	0.506	-0.049	0.946	0.877	1
微生物C/N比 MBC/MBN ratio	0.087	0.015	-0.082	-0.030	-0.075	0.600	-0.188	0.270	-0.215	1
铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content	-0.049	0.925	0.941	0.976*	0.985*	-0.739	0.287	0.542	0.580	-0.236	1
硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content	-0.230	-0.822	-0.827	-0.929	-0.972*	0.825	-0.008	-0.342	-0.330	0.171	-0.960*	1
有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content	-0.400	0.996**	0.996**	0.953*	0.901	-0.395	0.590	0.845	0.812	-0.024	0.907	-0.780	1
速效钾含量 Available potassium content	-0.636	0.933	0.942	0.833	0.752	-0.216	0.789	0.920	0.939	-0.071	0.784	-0.592	0.961*	1
脲酶活性 Urease activity	-0.236	0.959*	0.979*	0.968*	0.952*	-0.638	0.462	0.662	0.723	-0.250	0.982*	-0.890	0.957*	0.882	1
过氧化氢酶活性 Catalase activity	-0.355	0.994**	0.998**	0.966*	0.925	-0.471	0.557	0.798	0.793	-0.092	0.938	-0.820	0.996**	0.946	0.979*	1

	pH	电导率Conductivity	碳含量Carbon content	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content	全磷含量 Total phosphorus content	全钾含量Total potassium content	土壤C/N比Soil C/N ratio	微生物碳含量MBC	微生物氮含量MBN	微生物 C/N比MBC/ MBN ratio	铵态氮含量Ammonium nitrogen content	硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content	有效磷含量Available phosphorus content	速效钾含量Available potassium content	脲酶活性Urease activity	过氧化氢酶活性Catalase activity
pH	1
电导率 Conductivity	-0.319	1
碳含量 Carbon content	-0.342	0.995**	1
全氮含量 Total nitrogen content	-0.104	0.974*	0.970*	1
全磷含量 Total phosphorus content	0.028	0.931	0.930	0.990*	1
全钾含量 Total potassium content	-0.439	-0.429	-0.475	-0.594	-0.690	1
土壤C/N比 Soil C/N ratio	-0.970*	0.514	0.544	0.323	0.201	0.220	1
微生物碳含量 MBC	-0.726	0.815	0.794	0.666	0.553	0.154	0.802	1
微生物氮含量 MBN	-0.842	0.755	0.783	0.608	0.506	-0.049	0.946	0.877	1
微生物C/N比 MBC/MBN ratio	0.087	0.015	-0.082	-0.030	-0.075	0.600	-0.188	0.270	-0.215	1
铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content	-0.049	0.925	0.941	0.976*	0.985*	-0.739	0.287	0.542	0.580	-0.236	1
硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content	-0.230	-0.822	-0.827	-0.929	-0.972*	0.825	-0.008	-0.342	-0.330	0.171	-0.960*	1
有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content	-0.400	0.996**	0.996**	0.953*	0.901	-0.395	0.590	0.845	0.812	-0.024	0.907	-0.780	1
速效钾含量 Available potassium content	-0.636	0.933	0.942	0.833	0.752	-0.216	0.789	0.920	0.939	-0.071	0.784	-0.592	0.961*	1
脲酶活性 Urease activity	-0.236	0.959*	0.979*	0.968*	0.952*	-0.638	0.462	0.662	0.723	-0.250	0.982*	-0.890	0.957*	0.882	1
过氧化氢酶活性 Catalase activity	-0.355	0.994**	0.998**	0.966*	0.925	-0.471	0.557	0.798	0.793	-0.092	0.938	-0.820	0.996**	0.946	0.979*	1

武夷山天然针阔混交林与毛竹人工林土壤性质差异

Differences of Soil Properties between Natural Mixed Coniferous and Broad-leaved Forest and Moso Bamboo Plantation in Wuyi Mountains

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