单户与联户放牧经营下草玉梅与嵩草种群空间格局及其关联性

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.04.002

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 651-659.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.04.002

单户与联户放牧经营下草玉梅与嵩草种群空间格局及其关联性

杨春亮(), 刘旻霞(), 王千月, 苗乐乐, 肖音迪, 王敏

西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2022-12-25 出版日期:2023-04-18 发布日期:2023-07-12
通讯作者: *刘旻霞（1972年生），女，教授，硕士研究生导师，研究方向为植物生态学和恢复生态学。E-mail: xiaminl@163.com
作者简介:杨春亮（1997年生），男，硕士研究生，主要从事恢复生态学研究。E-mail: 3214510487@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31760135);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(20JR10RA089);甘肃省林业和草原科技创新项目(KJCX2021005)

Spatial Pattern and Correlation of Populations of Anemone rivularis and Kobresia myosuroides under Single-household Management and Multi-household Management Grazing Patterns

YANG Chunliang(), LIU Minxia(), WANG Qianyue, MIAO Lele, XIAO Yindi, WANG Min

College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China

Received:2022-12-25 Online:2023-04-18 Published:2023-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究单户与联户放牧下植物种群的分布格局及形成机理，加深了解不同放牧经营方式下植物种群的竞争及资源利用方式，选择并优化牧场管理，为高寒牧场的经营管理及高寒草甸的植被恢复探索理论依据。以甘南高寒草甸为研究对象，采用点格局分析法，结合生物量、株高、盖度及丰富度稀疏化曲线探究了单户与联户放牧下主要物种草玉梅（Anemone rivularis）和嵩草（Kobresia myosuroides）的空间分布格局及其关联性。结果表明，（1）嵩草的生物量、株高、盖度在联户牧场较高，分别为37.3 g?m^?2、22.1 cm、16.7%，而草玉梅的株高和盖度则在单户牧场更高，达13.7 cm和7.79%；群落稀疏化分析发现联户牧场的物种丰富度显著高于单户，联户牧场的植物种群能够更好的迭代更新，体现出联户放牧的优越性。（2）嵩草种群在单户牧场主要表现为随机分布，在联户牧场呈聚集分布向随机分布过度的趋势；草玉梅种群在单户和联户牧场均表现为聚集分布。（3）两者空间关联性以无关联为主，在小尺度上表现为负关联。（4）主成分分析（PCA）表明：单户牧场嵩草和草玉梅种群与土壤全氮（STN）、土壤有机碳（SOC）、土壤有机质（SOM）相关性强；联户牧场两种群与土壤电导率（SC）、土壤有机碳（SOC）、土壤有机质（SOM）、土壤含水量（SWC）相关性更强。研究表明，联户放牧更有利于草场的循环发展。两牧场除受放牧踩踏的影响外，单户牧场受放牧牲畜粪尿影响更大，联户牧场受降水量的影响更大，植物种群对不同放牧环境的适应性由其自身的生物学特性、种间关系及环境异质性共同决定。

关键词: 高寒草甸, 点格局, 空间分布格局, PCA

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the distribution pattern and formation mechanism of plant populations under single-household and multi-household management patterns, to deepen the understanding of the competition among plant populations and their resource utilization under different grazing management methods, to select and optimize pasture management, and to explore the theoretical basis for the management of alpine pastures and the vegetation restoration of alpine meadows. The spatial distribution patterns of the major species of Anemone rivularis and Kobresia myosuroides under single-household and multi-household grazing and their correlations were investigated using point pattern analysis with biomass, plant height, cover and richness sparseness curves in alpine meadows of Gannan. The results showed that (1) biomass, plant height and cover of Kobresia myosuroides were 37.3 g?m^?2, 22.1 cm and 16.7%, respectively, higher in multi-household management pattern, while plant height and cover of Anemone rivularis were 13.7 cm and 7.79%, higher in single-household management pattern; community sparsity analysis revealed that species richness was significantly higher under multi-household management pattern than under single-household management pattern, and plant populations under multi-household management pattern could be better iterated and renewed, reflecting the superiority of multi-household management pattern grazing. (2) Kobresia myosuroides population was mainly randomly distributed under single-household management pattern, and tended to be excessively distributed from aggregation to random distribution under multi-household management pattern. The population of Anemone rivularis showed aggregation distribution under single-household and multi-household management patterns. (3) The spatial correlation between them was mainly non-correlation, showing negative correlation on a small scale. (4) Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that single-household management pattern populations of Kobresia myosuroides and Anemone rivularis were strongly correlated with soil total nitrogen (STN), soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil organic matter (SOM); the two populations of the multi-household management patterns were more strongly correlated with soil conductivity (SC), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM), and soil water content (SWC). This study shows that multi-household management pattern grazing is more conducive to the development of pasture cycles. In addition to being affected by grazing trampling in both pastures, single-household pastures are more affected by grazing livestock manure and urine, and multi-household pastures are more affected by precipitation, and the adaptation of plant populations to different grazing environments is determined by a combination of their own biological characteristics, interspecific relationships, and environmental heterogeneity.

Key words: alpine meadow, point pattern, spatial distribution pattern, PCA

中图分类号:

杨春亮, 刘旻霞, 王千月, 苗乐乐, 肖音迪, 王敏. 单户与联户放牧经营下草玉梅与嵩草种群空间格局及其关联性[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(4): 651-659.

YANG Chunliang, LIU Minxia, WANG Qianyue, MIAO Lele, XIAO Yindi, WANG Min. Spatial Pattern and Correlation of Populations of Anemone rivularis and Kobresia myosuroides under Single-household Management and Multi-household Management Grazing Patterns[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(4): 651-659.

图/表 9

图1 研究区样地位置

Figure 1 Location of sample plot in study area

表1 不同放牧方式两种群的变化特征

Table 1 Variation characteristics of two populations with different grazing ways

放牧方式	嵩草 Kobresia myosuroides			草玉梅 Anemone rivularis
放牧方式	生物量/(g·m⁻²)	株高/cm	盖度/%	生物量/(g·m⁻²)	株高/cm	盖度/%
联户	36.73±0.60a	21.76±0.33ab	16.17±0.48a	18.36±0.55a	5.12±0.81c	0.83±0.10b
单户	22.96±1.16b	18.14±2.13b	4.00±1.29b	14.80±1.09b	11.90±1.80b	7.00±0.97a

图2 群落稀疏化曲线图 A1－A10为单户牧场样方，B1－B10为联户牧场样方。横轴为样方中物种的个体数，纵轴为物种丰富度

Figure 2 Community thinning curve

图3 联户与单户牧场嵩草与草玉梅空间分布散点图

Figure 3 Scatter diagram of spatial distribution of Kobresia myosuroides and Anemone rivularis in pasture with multi-household management pattern and single-household management pattern

图4 联户与单户牧场嵩草（a）与草玉梅（b）点格局

Figure 4 Patterns of Kobresia myosuroides (a) and Anemone rivularis (b) spots with multi-household management pattern and single-household management pattern

图5 两种群在联户与单户的关联性

Figure 5 Correlation between two populations in multi-household management pattern and single-household management pattern

表2 联户与单户牧场土壤理化因子含量的变异

Table 2 Variation of soil physical and chemical factors in multi-household and single-household pattern

类型	SWC/%	SBD/(g∙m⁻²)	SC/(mS∙cm⁻¹)	pH	w_(STN)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	w_(STP)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	w_(SOC)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	w_(SOM)/(g∙kg⁻¹)
联户	13.59±0.08a	1.29±0.29b	80.02±1.62a	6.45±0.20b	4.39±0.44a	4.66±0.17a	49.97±0.29a	97.67±0.49b
单户	11.53±0.52b	0.94±0.03c	71.86±8.86a	6.87±0.08b	4.03±0.05b	4.55±0.17a	44.66±0.54a	56.90±0.49c

表3 单户与联户主成分分析

Table 3 Principal constituen analysis of single-household and multi-household pattern

类型	成分	初始特征值			指标	主成分
类型	成分	总计	方差百分比	累计/%	指标	PC1	PC2
单户	1	4.05	50.68	50.68	SWC	0.37	0.69
	2	1.85	23.15	73.83	SBD	−0.19	0.59
	3	0.89	11.06	84.88	SC	0.78	−0.33
	4	0.70	8.79	93.67	pH	−0.06	−0.89
	5	0.36	4.44	98.11	STN	0.80	−0.30
	6	0.10	1.28	99.39	STP	−0.97	0.03
	7	0.05	0.61	100.00	SOC	0.87	0.40
	8	6.67×10⁻¹⁶	8.34×10⁻¹⁵	100.00	SOM	0.87	0.40
联户	1	4.47	55.83	55.83	SWC	0.19	0.91
	2	1.73	21.67	77.50	SBD	0.16	0.49
	3	0.89	11.06	88.56	SC	0.92	0.08
	4	0.60	7.43	95.99	pH	0.08	−0.88
	5	0.20	2.57	98.56	STN	0.81	0.12
	6	0.08	1.00	99.56	STP	−0.95	−0.24
	7	0.04	0.43	100.00	SOC	0.94	0.08
	8	7.30×10⁻¹⁶	9.11×10⁻¹⁵	100.00	SOM	0.94	0.08

图6 嵩草和草玉梅种群性状与土壤因子的冗余分析，图左为单户，图右为联户实心箭头连线代表两种群性状，空心箭头连线代表土壤因子，两类线条之间的夹角代表植物性状与土壤因子的相关性。Km Bio：嵩草生物量；Km Heigh：嵩草株高；Km cover：嵩草盖度；Ar Bio：草玉梅生物量；Ar Heigh：草玉梅株高；Ar cover:草玉梅盖度；STN：土壤全氮；SOC：土壤有机碳；SOM：土壤有机质；SBD：土壤容重；STP：土壤全磷；SC：电导率

Figure 6 Redundancy analysis of population traits and soil factors of Kobresia myosuroides and Anemone rivularis, with single-household management pattern on the left and multi-household management pattern on the right

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单户与联户放牧经营下草玉梅与嵩草种群空间格局及其关联性

Spatial Pattern and Correlation of Populations of Anemone rivularis and Kobresia myosuroides under Single-household Management and Multi-household Management Grazing Patterns

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