贺兰山东坡不同植被类型的土壤真菌多样性及其群落结构

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.004

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 239-247.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.004

贺兰山东坡不同植被类型的土壤真菌多样性及其群落结构

杨虎¹(), 王佩瑶¹, 李小伟¹, 王继飞², 杨君珑¹^,^*()

1.宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川 750021
2.宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局,宁夏银川 750021

收稿日期:2021-08-04 出版日期:2022-02-18 发布日期:2022-04-14
通讯作者: *杨君珑（1980年生）,男,副教授,博士,研究方向为森林资源经营与森林生态。E-mail: yangjunlong-2002@163.com
作者简介:杨虎（1996年生）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤微生物。E-mail: 1986340981@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31860122);中央引导地方科技创新项目;宁夏珍稀濒危植物调查项目(2021)

Distribution of Soil Fungal Diversity and Community Structure in Different Vegetation Types on the Eastern Slopes of Helan Mountains

YANG Hu¹(), WANG Peiyao¹, LI Xiaowei¹, WANG Jifei², YANG Junlong¹^,^*()

1. School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
2. Ningxia Helan Mountains National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China

Received:2021-08-04 Online:2022-02-18 Published:2022-04-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解植被对土壤真菌群落结构及其优势菌群影响,利用高通量测序技术,研究了贺兰山东坡山地荒漠草地、浅山灌丛、亚高山针叶林和亚高山草甸4种植被类型土壤真菌多样性及其群落结构。结果表明,（1）贺兰山东坡不同植被类型土壤真菌α多样性由高到低依次为浅山灌丛、山地荒漠草地、亚高山草甸、亚高山针叶林;且亚高山针叶林显著低于其他植被类型。（2）相对丰度1%的真菌共检测到子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）、球囊菌门（Glomeromycota）、壶菌门（Chytridiomycota）5个门类,其中子囊菌门和担子菌门为主要优势菌群,平均丰度占比分别为46.7%和29.6%;担子菌门在亚高山针叶林中丰度显著高于其他菌门,子囊菌门在山地荒漠草地、浅山灌丛和亚高山草甸植被类型中显著高于其他菌门。（3）从土壤真菌群落组成与环境因子相关性分析可知,植物多样性、pH、年均温、土壤有机质、年均降雨量、土壤含水率及海拔都会显著影响到真菌群落组成;从真菌α多样性指数与植物多样性指数和海拔Pearson相关性分析可知,植物多样性是影响真菌多样性的主要因子。

关键词: 贺兰山, 植被类型, 真菌多样性, 真菌群落, 高通量测序

Abstract:

The aim of the present study was to probe into the changes of soil fungal diversity of four vegetation types on the eastern slope of Helan mountains by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that: (1) the α diversity of soil fungi communities in subalpine coniferous forests was lower than that in shallow mountain shrubs, mountain desert grasslands, and subalpine meadows. (2) The fungi accounted for a relative abundance of 1% including the dominant taxa of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Glomeromycota and Chytridiomycota. Among them, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are the main dominant flora, with an average abundance ratio of 46.7% and 29.6%, respectively. There was significantly higher abundance of Basidiomycota in subalpine coniferous forests than in other vegetation types. The Ascomycota abundance was significantly higher in mountain desert grasslands, shallow mountain shrubs, and subalpine meadows than in subalpine coniferous forests. (3) Based on the correlation analyses results, soil fungal community composition was correlated with plant diversity index, average annual temperature, annual rainfall, soil pH, soil organic carbon, and soil moisture content. The results of Pearson correlation analyses suggested that plant diversity was the key factor forcing the distribution of fungal diversity among the four vegetation types.

Key words: Helan Mountain, vegetation type, fungal diversity, fungal community, high-throughput sequencing

中图分类号:

S718.5
X176

杨虎, 王佩瑶, 李小伟, 王继飞, 杨君珑. 贺兰山东坡不同植被类型的土壤真菌多样性及其群落结构[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 239-247.

YANG Hu, WANG Peiyao, LI Xiaowei, WANG Jifei, YANG Junlong. Distribution of Soil Fungal Diversity and Community Structure in Different Vegetation Types on the Eastern Slopes of Helan Mountains[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(2): 239-247.

图/表 10

参考文献 42

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样地名称 Sample plot	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Altitude/m	土壤类型 Soil type	优势植物种类 Dominant plant species
山地荒漠草地 Mountain desert grassland	38°35'36"‒ 38°52'3″N	105°54'22″‒ 106°12'6″E	1110.6‒ 1878.04	灰钙土, 粗骨土	阿尔泰狗娃花 Aster altaicus, 细枝补血草 Limonium tenellum, 猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia, 短花针茅 Stipa breviflora, 冬青叶兔唇花 Lagochilus ilicifolius
浅山灌丛 Shallow mountain shrub	38°35'23″‒ 38°56'0.6"N	105°55'35"‒ 106°10'40″E	1263.41‒ 1948.41	栗钙土, 粗骨土	旱榆 Ulmus glaucescens, 小叶金露梅 Potentilla parvifolia, 蒙古扁桃 Amygdalus mongolica, 黄刺玫 Rosa xanthina, 刺旋花 Convolvulus tragacanthoides, 针枝芸香 Haplophyllum tragacanthoides, 绣线菊 Spiraea salicifolia, 紫丁香 Syringa oblata, 置疑小檗 Berberis dubia, 西北栒子 Cotoneaster zabelii, 甘蒙锦鸡儿 Caragana opulens, 荒漠锦鸡儿 Caragana roborovskyi, 小叶鼠李 Rhamnus parvifolia
亚高山针叶林 Subalpine coniferous forest	38°35'4.9"‒ 38°56'1.7"N	105°52'56.6″‒ 106°11'3.1″E	2206‒ 2697.09	灰褐土	青海云杉 Picea crassifolia, 杜松 Juniperus rigida
亚高山草甸 Subalpine meadow	38°34'59″‒ 38°46'28″N	105°52′28″‒ 105°53′56″E	2504.42‒ 2927.88	亚高山草甸土	扁穗冰草 Agropyron cristatum, 甘肃蒿 Artemisia gansuensis, 贝加尔针茅 Stipa Baicalensis, 西山委陵菜 Potentilla sischanensis, 阿拉善鹅观草 Roegneria alashanica, 小红菊 Chrysanthemum chanetii, 赖草 Leymus secalinus, 高山苔草 Carex tristachya

样地名称 Sample plot	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Altitude/m	土壤类型 Soil type	优势植物种类 Dominant plant species
山地荒漠草地 Mountain desert grassland	38°35'36"‒ 38°52'3″N	105°54'22″‒ 106°12'6″E	1110.6‒ 1878.04	灰钙土, 粗骨土	阿尔泰狗娃花 Aster altaicus, 细枝补血草 Limonium tenellum, 猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia, 短花针茅 Stipa breviflora, 冬青叶兔唇花 Lagochilus ilicifolius
浅山灌丛 Shallow mountain shrub	38°35'23″‒ 38°56'0.6"N	105°55'35"‒ 106°10'40″E	1263.41‒ 1948.41	栗钙土, 粗骨土	旱榆 Ulmus glaucescens, 小叶金露梅 Potentilla parvifolia, 蒙古扁桃 Amygdalus mongolica, 黄刺玫 Rosa xanthina, 刺旋花 Convolvulus tragacanthoides, 针枝芸香 Haplophyllum tragacanthoides, 绣线菊 Spiraea salicifolia, 紫丁香 Syringa oblata, 置疑小檗 Berberis dubia, 西北栒子 Cotoneaster zabelii, 甘蒙锦鸡儿 Caragana opulens, 荒漠锦鸡儿 Caragana roborovskyi, 小叶鼠李 Rhamnus parvifolia
亚高山针叶林 Subalpine coniferous forest	38°35'4.9"‒ 38°56'1.7"N	105°52'56.6″‒ 106°11'3.1″E	2206‒ 2697.09	灰褐土	青海云杉 Picea crassifolia, 杜松 Juniperus rigida
亚高山草甸 Subalpine meadow	38°34'59″‒ 38°46'28″N	105°52′28″‒ 105°53′56″E	2504.42‒ 2927.88	亚高山草甸土	扁穗冰草 Agropyron cristatum, 甘肃蒿 Artemisia gansuensis, 贝加尔针茅 Stipa Baicalensis, 西山委陵菜 Potentilla sischanensis, 阿拉善鹅观草 Roegneria alashanica, 小红菊 Chrysanthemum chanetii, 赖草 Leymus secalinus, 高山苔草 Carex tristachya

土壤理化性质和环境因子 Soil physical and chemical properties and environmental factors	山地荒漠草地 Mountane desert grassland	浅山灌丛 Shallow mountain shrub	亚高山针叶林 Subalpine coniferous forest	亚高山草甸 Subalpine meadow
pH	8.49±0.28a	8.10±0.06bc	7.89±0.12c	8.18±0.38b
水分质量分数 w_(MC)/%	2.31±1.20d	8.09±0.82c	11.07±1.66b	14.37±3.49a
全氮质量分数 w_(TN)/(g∙kg^-1)	0.34±0.14a	0.29±0.07a	0.29±0.16a	0.26±0.06a
全磷质量分数 w_(TP)/(g∙kg^-1)	0.76±0.21a	0.81±0.52a	0.97±0.63a	0.82±0.29a
土壤有机质质量分数 w_(SOC)/(g∙kg^-1)	11.22±7.63b	47.72±60.73ab	89.73±69.18a	56.62±49.40ab
海拔 ALT/m	1415.90±296.40b	1503.41±296.16b	2450.88±162.10a	2644.76±171.58a
年均降雨量MAP/mm	203.11±28.79c	208.78±20.87c	239.56±41.29b	271.11±12.90a
太阳辐射SRAD/(kJ∙m^-2∙d^-1)	16686.79±239.21a	16671.00±204.54a	16478.23±356.09a	16207.64±99.53b
年均温 MAT/℃	7.37±1.45a	6.59±1.65a	4.11±2.18b	2.15±0.25c
坡向 ASP/(°)	127.63±48.82a	116.31±100.87a	129.30±133.13a	70.98±14.75a
坡度 SLOP/(°) 植物多样性指数W 植物丰富度指数R	11.34±13.99b 1.47±0.47b 1.42±0.47b	17.89±9.94ab 2.03±0.41a 2.47±0.93a	21.42±7.52ab 0.42±0.05c 0.26±0.02c	21.89±3.59a 1.30±0.40b 1.13±0.42b

土壤理化性质和环境因子 Soil physical and chemical properties and environmental factors	山地荒漠草地 Mountane desert grassland	浅山灌丛 Shallow mountain shrub	亚高山针叶林 Subalpine coniferous forest	亚高山草甸 Subalpine meadow
pH	8.49±0.28a	8.10±0.06bc	7.89±0.12c	8.18±0.38b
水分质量分数 w_(MC)/%	2.31±1.20d	8.09±0.82c	11.07±1.66b	14.37±3.49a
全氮质量分数 w_(TN)/(g∙kg^-1)	0.34±0.14a	0.29±0.07a	0.29±0.16a	0.26±0.06a
全磷质量分数 w_(TP)/(g∙kg^-1)	0.76±0.21a	0.81±0.52a	0.97±0.63a	0.82±0.29a
土壤有机质质量分数 w_(SOC)/(g∙kg^-1)	11.22±7.63b	47.72±60.73ab	89.73±69.18a	56.62±49.40ab
海拔 ALT/m	1415.90±296.40b	1503.41±296.16b	2450.88±162.10a	2644.76±171.58a
年均降雨量MAP/mm	203.11±28.79c	208.78±20.87c	239.56±41.29b	271.11±12.90a
太阳辐射SRAD/(kJ∙m^-2∙d^-1)	16686.79±239.21a	16671.00±204.54a	16478.23±356.09a	16207.64±99.53b
年均温 MAT/℃	7.37±1.45a	6.59±1.65a	4.11±2.18b	2.15±0.25c
坡向 ASP/(°)	127.63±48.82a	116.31±100.87a	129.30±133.13a	70.98±14.75a
坡度 SLOP/(°) 植物多样性指数W 植物丰富度指数R	11.34±13.99b 1.47±0.47b 1.42±0.47b	17.89±9.94ab 2.03±0.41a 2.47±0.93a	21.42±7.52ab 0.42±0.05c 0.26±0.02c	21.89±3.59a 1.30±0.40b 1.13±0.42b

植被类型 Vegetation type	OTU数 OTU number	Ace指数 Ace index	Chao1指数 Chao1index	香浓指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index
山地荒漠草地 Mountane desert grassland	237.33±23.75a	283.04±46.92a	276.54±32.39a	5.84±0.99ab	0.94±0.07a
浅山灌丛 Shallow mountain shrub	262.11±73.09a	296.65±101.08a	298.98±104.08a	6.23±0.51a	0.97±0.01a
亚高山针叶林 Subalpine coniferous forest	156.22±25.36b	187.39±26.40b	182.95±26.71b	4.43±0.44c	0.88±0.04b
亚高山草甸 Subalpine meadow	231.89±29.61a	269.89±36.06a	268.98±35.05a	5.47±0.57b	0.93±0.03a

贺兰山东坡不同植被类型的土壤真菌多样性及其群落结构

Distribution of Soil Fungal Diversity and Community Structure in Different Vegetation Types on the Eastern Slopes of Helan Mountains

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