冻土区泥炭地植物生长及碳氮特征对模拟增温的响应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 1765-1772.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.006

冻土区泥炭地植物生长及碳氮特征对模拟增温的响应

刘桢迪¹^,²(), 宋艳宇¹^,^*(), 王宪伟¹, 谭稳稳¹, 张豪¹, 高晋丽¹, 高思齐¹^,², 杜宇¹

1.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,吉林长春 130102
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2022-03-24 出版日期:2022-09-18 发布日期:2022-11-07
通讯作者: *E-mail: songyanyu@iga.ac.cn
作者简介:刘桢迪（1998年生）,男,硕士研究生,从事湿地土壤生态研究。E-mail: liuzhendi20@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41871090);国家自然科学基金项目(41730643);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210101091JC);中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所创新团队项目(2022CXTD02)

Effects of Simulated Warming on Plant Growth and Carbon and Nitrogen Characteristics in Permafrost Peatland

LIU Zhendi¹^,²(), SONG Yanyu¹^,^*(), WANG Xianwei¹, TAN Wenwen¹, ZHANG Hao¹, GAO Jinli¹, GAO Siqi¹^,², DU Yu¹

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, P. R. China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China

Received:2022-03-24 Online:2022-09-18 Published:2022-11-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球变暖能够影响植物的生长环境,改变植物生长代谢过程,进而影响植物的养分循环和分配。高纬度冻土区泥炭地植物对气候变化响应更加敏感。基于野外长期开顶箱增温实验（Open-top Chamber,OTC）,探究大兴安岭冻土区泥炭地植物生长及养分特征对温度升高的响应。结果表明,泥炭地植物生长对增温的响应具有种间异质性,增温显著增加了柴桦（Betula fruticosa）的高度和重要值以及白毛羊胡子草（Eriophorum vaginatum）的密度和重要值,但显著降低了笃斯越桔（Vaccinium uliginosum）的密度、盖度和重要值。柴桦的地上、地下生物量在增温后显著增加,而笃斯越桔的地上、地下生物量显著降低。增温降低了泥炭地植物物种多样性,并且引起植物组织碳氮特征发生变化。增温导致柴桦、狭叶杜香（Ledum palustre）、甸杜（Cassandra calyculata）和白毛羊胡子草凋落物以及笃斯越桔和狭叶杜香根、叶碳质量分数显著降低,而柴桦茎和笃斯越桔凋落物的碳质量分数显著增加;狭叶杜香根、叶和凋落物以及白毛羊胡子草叶的氮质量分数显著降低,而笃斯越桔茎、甸杜叶以及越桔柳（Salix myrtilloides）叶的氮质量分数显著增加,同时增温也改变了植物体内不同组织的碳氮比。研究表明,增温更有利于冻土区泥炭地高灌木和草本植物生长而不利于低矮灌木生长。气候变暖将改变冻土区泥炭地植物群落组成、养分循环和分配。研究结果为明确全球变暖背景下冻土区泥炭地植物群落结构和功能稳定性维持机制提供了重要参考。

关键词: 全球变暖, 泥炭地, 植物生物量, 大兴安岭, 碳氮比

Abstract:

Global warming can affect the growing environment among plants, change plant growth and the metabolism process, and then affect the nutrient cycle and distribution of plants. Peatland plants in high latitudes permafrost are more sensitive to climate change. This study is based on a long-term open-top chamber (OTC) experiment to explore the response of plant growth and nutrient characteristics of permafrost peatland to warming in the Greater Khingan Mountains. The results showed that the response of peatland plant growth to warming had interspecific heterogeneity, and warming significantly increased the height and importance values of Betula fruticosa and the density and importance value of Eriophorum vaginatum, but the density, coverage, and importance values of Vaccinium uliginosum were significantly decreased. The aboveground and belowground biomass of Betula fruticosa increased significantly after warming, while the aboveground and belowground biomass of Vaccinium uliginosum decreased significantly. Warming reduced the diversity of peatland plant species and caused changes in carbon and nitrogen characteristics of peatland plants. The carbon content in the litters of Betula fruticosa, Ledum palustre, Cassandra calyculata, and Eriophorum vaginatum litter, Vaccinium uliginosum and Ledum palustre root and leaf, and the carbon content of Betula fruticosa stem and Vaccinium uliginosum litter significantly increased. Nitrogen content of Ledum palustre root, leaf, litter and Eriophorum vaginatum leaf significantly decreased, while that in Vaccinium uliginosum stems, Cassandra calyculata leaf, and Salix myrtilloides leaf increased significantly. Warming also changed the C: N ratios of different tissues of the plants. This study shows that warming is more conducive to the growth of taller shrubs and herbs but not to the growth of lower shrubs in permafrost peatland. Climate warming will change the plant community composition, nutrient cycling, and distribution in permafrost peatland. The results provide an important reference for clarifying the maintenance mechanism of plant community structure and functional stability in permafrost peatland under global warming.

Key words: global warming, peatland, plant biomass, the Greater Khingan Mountains, C:N ratio

中图分类号:

Q948
X171.5

刘桢迪, 宋艳宇, 王宪伟, 谭稳稳, 张豪, 高晋丽, 高思齐, 杜宇. 冻土区泥炭地植物生长及碳氮特征对模拟增温的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(9): 1765-1772.

LIU Zhendi, SONG Yanyu, WANG Xianwei, TAN Wenwen, ZHANG Hao, GAO Jinli, GAO Siqi, DU Yu. Effects of Simulated Warming on Plant Growth and Carbon and Nitrogen Characteristics in Permafrost Peatland[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(9): 1765-1772.

图/表 4

图1 模拟增温对泥炭地植物生长的影响图中*表示显著性P<0.05,**表示显著性P<0.01。图中误差棒表示标准误差（Mean±SE）。下同柴桦：Betula fruticosa,笃斯越桔：Vaccinium uliginosum,狭叶杜香：Ledum palustre,甸杜：Cassandra calyculata,越桔柳：Salix myrtilloides,白毛羊胡子草：Eriophorum vaginatum。下同 The same below

Figure 1 Effect of simulated warming on plant growth in peatlands * in the figure indicates significance P<0.05, ** indicates significance P<0.01. The error bar represents the standard error (mean±SE). The same below

图2 模拟增温对泥炭地植物地上、地下生物量的影响

Figure 2 Effects of simulated warming on aboveground and underground biomass of plants in peatlands

表1 模拟增温对泥炭地植物多样性的影响

Table 1 Effects of simulated warming on the diversity of plants in peatlands

植物多样性指数

对照 (CK)

增温 (OTC)

图3 模拟增温对泥炭地植物不同组织碳氮特征的影响

Figure 3 Effects of simulated warming on carbon and nitrogen characteristics of different tissues of peatland plants

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冻土区泥炭地植物生长及碳氮特征对模拟增温的响应

Effects of Simulated Warming on Plant Growth and Carbon and Nitrogen Characteristics in Permafrost Peatland

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