水环境中糖皮质激素的环境行为及生态风险研究进展

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.021

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 400-408.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.021

水环境中糖皮质激素的环境行为及生态风险研究进展

张云¹^,²(), 舒抒¹, 罗鑫¹, 钟琴³, 邹华¹^,²^,^*()

1.江南大学环境与土木工程学院,江苏无锡 214122
2.江苏省水处理技术与材料协同创新中心/苏州科技大学,江苏苏州 215009
3.东珠生态环保股份有限公司,江苏无锡 214101

收稿日期:2021-02-20 出版日期:2022-02-18 发布日期:2022-04-14
通讯作者: *邹华（1972年生）,男,教授,博士,从事天然水体污染控制和环境生物技术研究。E-mail: zouhua@jiangnan.edu.cn
作者简介:张云（1986年生）,女（仫佬族）,副研究员,博士,从事新污染物的环境行为和生态毒理研究。E-mail: zhangyun@jiangnan.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41807489);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(JUSRP11823);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划支持项目(201910295040);江苏省“双创博士（世界名校类）”(1126010241180640)

Fate and Ecological Risks of Glucocorticoids in Aquatic Environment: A Review

ZHANG Yun¹^,²(), SHU Shu¹, LUO Xin¹, ZHONG Qin³, ZOU Hua¹^,²^,^*()

1. School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment/Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China
3. Dongzhu Ecological Environment Protection Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214101, P. R. China

Received:2021-02-20 Online:2022-02-18 Published:2022-04-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甾体激素是一类强效的内分泌干扰物,早先的研究重点在于最先发现的雌激素,而实际上糖皮质激素（Glucocorticoids,GCs）的使用量远大于雌激素和雄激素,并且GCs对COVID-19确诊病人的治疗效果得到广泛肯定。在新冠疫情全球爆发的大背景下,GCs的使用量还可能持续增加。因此,了解GCs在水环境中的源和汇,掌握其在环境中的赋存归趋和生态毒理效应,对评估和控制GCs的潜在风险具有重要意义。文章对此进行文献调研和总结,为进一步开展GCs的环境行为研究提供参考。GCs主要来源于制药厂、医院、养殖场以及污水处理厂,其在多个河流湖泊中检出率为50%—100%,水相质量浓度最高可接近500 ng·L^-1,在沉积物中为1.10—5.85 μg·kg^-1。GCs的亲水性强于其他甾体激素,其在水环境的迁移性可能更强,因此在地下水中也有检出。在环境赋存和归趋的研究中,未来可重点关注常见GCs的前体物及代谢产物、悬浮颗粒和有机质等对GCs环境行为的影响,以及GCs与其他类污染物在不同环境过程中的相互作用。在毒理研究方面,针对GCs对人体健康以及对鱼类影响的研究较多,但对其他营养级生物以及食物链和食物网影响的研究则有待进一步开展,这样才能为更科学地评价GCs的生态风险提供理论支撑。

关键词: 糖皮质激素, 来源, 赋存, 环境行为, 生态风险

Abstract:

Previous studies about steroid hormones, a group of potent endocrine-disrupting compounds, mostly focused on estrogens, however, the usage of glucocorticoids is far more than that of estrogens and androgens. Based on the fact that glucocorticoids have been proven to be effective on COVID-19 hospitalized patients, their usage may continue increasing during the global pandemic. Thus, it is of great importance to know about the source and sink of glucocorticoids and to understand their fate and ecological effects in order to assess and control their potential risks. The objective of this review was to summarize relevant literature and point out potential knowledge gap for future studies pertaining to glucocorticoids. It turns out that pharmaceutical factories, hospitals, concentrated animal feeding operation, and sewage treatment plants are the main sources of glucocorticoids. They are detected with frequencies of 50%-100% in multiple rivers and lakes at levels of up to 500 ng·L^-1 in aqueous phase and 1.10-5.85 μg·kg^-1 in sediment. With better hydrophilicity, glucocorticoids are supposed to have better mobility in aquatic system compared with other steroid hormones, resulting in their occurrence in groundwater. Future studies about the fate of glucocorticoids could place emphases on their precursors and metabolites, the impact of suspended particles and organic matter on their environmental behavior, and their interaction with other contaminants. There have been abundant researches about the toxicological effects of glucocorticoids on human and fishes, however, their effects remain unclear on other organisms of different trophic levels as well as on food chain and food web, which require further studies.

Key words: glucocorticoids, sources, occurrence, environmental behavior, ecotoxicology

中图分类号:

X52
X520.4

张云, 舒抒, 罗鑫, 钟琴, 邹华. 水环境中糖皮质激素的环境行为及生态风险研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 400-408.

ZHANG Yun, SHU Shu, LUO Xin, ZHONG Qin, ZOU Hua. Fate and Ecological Risks of Glucocorticoids in Aquatic Environment: A Review[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(2): 400-408.

图/表 3

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糖皮质激素 Glucocorticoids	地表水 Surface Water	质量浓度范围 ρ/(ng∙L^-1)	平均质量浓度 ρ_mean/(ng∙L^-1)	检出率 Detection Frequency/%	参考文献 References
可的松（天然） Cortisone (Natural)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.05‒28		96‒100	Chang et al., 2009
		0.58‒27	4.02	100	郭文景, 2015
		49‒433	173.8		Shen et al., 2020
	淡水河, 广州		Upstream 0.6		Liu et al., 2011
	淡水河, 广州		Downstream 1.9
	太湖, 中国	ND‒3.66	0.61	53.1	Zhou et al., 2016
	北海, 比利时	4.13‒28.18	9.21		Huysman et al., 2017
氢化可的松（天然） Cortisol (Natural)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.11‒20		96‒100	Chang et al., 2009
		ND‒13	2.69	66.7	郭文景, 2015
		1.2‒11	4.67	100	Shen et al., 2020
	多瑙河, 匈牙利	<0.17‒2.67			Tölgyesi et al., 2010
	太湖, 中国	ND‒9.28 (夏)	2.37	97	Zhou et al., 2016
	太湖, 中国	2.78‒17.5 (冬)	6.04	100	Zhou et al., 2016
	北海, 比利时	0.89‒7.48	2.98		Huysman et al., 2017
	流沙湾, 中国南海	ND‒0.50	0.25	10	杨雷等, 2019
醋酸氢化可的松（合成） Cortisol acetate (Synthetic)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	ND‒476	144.75	44.4	郭文景, 2015
	温榆河及其支流, 北京	2.1‒21	10.23		Shen et al., 2020
	秦淮河等, 南京^*	1.29‒2.38	1.84	25	谭丽超等, 2014
泼尼松（合成） Prednisone (Synthetic)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.12‒0.86		53	Chang et al., 2007
	温榆河及其支流, 北京	<0.02‒1.2			Shen et al., 2020
	秦淮河等, 南京^*	1.31‒8.36	5.33	100	谭丽超等, 2014
	北海, 比利时	9.17‒39.14	20.5		Huysman et al., 2017
泼尼松龙（合成） Prednisolone (Synthetic)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.25‒1.8		96‒100	Chang et al., 2009
		ND‒1.4	1.4	11.1	郭文景, 2015
		2.7‒94	24.8		Shen et al., 2020
	多瑙河, 匈牙利	<0.04‒0.58			Tölgyesi et al., 2010
	秦淮河等, 南京^*	4.14‒4.69	4.42	25	谭丽超等, 2014
	太湖, 中国	ND‒4.91	2.43	96.9	Zhou et al., 2016
	北海, 比利时	6.36‒15.17	8.99		Huysman et al., 2017
醋酸泼尼松龙（合成） Prednisolone acetate (Synthetic)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.04‒2.4	0.62		Chang et al., 2009
	秦淮河等, 南京^*	4.98‒18.17	10.6	50	谭丽超等, 2014
	北海, 比利时	<10			Huysman et al., 2017
甲基泼尼松龙（合成） Methylprednisolone (Synthetic)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.20‒0.41		6.7	Chang et al., 2009
	温榆河及其支流, 北京	<0.03‒12	<2.66		Shen et al., 2020
	瑞士的多条河流	3‒5			Ammann et al., 2014
	秦淮河等, 南京^*	3.85‒52.03	18.26	100	谭丽超等, 2014
地塞米松（合成） Dexamethasone (Synthetic)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.05‒8		96‒100	Chang et al., 2009
		ND‒0.77	0.44		郭文景, 2015
		0.51‒8.2	4.05		Shen et al., 2020
	多瑙河, 匈牙利	<0.01‒0.07			Tölgyesi et al., 2010
	秦淮河等, 南京^*	1.12‒10.73	7.06	62.5	谭丽超等, 2014

糖皮质激素 Glucocorticoids	地表水 Surface Water	质量浓度范围 ρ/(ng∙L^-1)	平均质量浓度 ρ_mean/(ng∙L^-1)	检出率 Detection Frequency/%	参考文献 References
可的松（天然） Cortisone (Natural)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.05‒28		96‒100	Chang et al., 2009
		0.58‒27	4.02	100	郭文景, 2015
		49‒433	173.8		Shen et al., 2020
	淡水河, 广州		Upstream 0.6		Liu et al., 2011
	淡水河, 广州		Downstream 1.9
	太湖, 中国	ND‒3.66	0.61	53.1	Zhou et al., 2016
	北海, 比利时	4.13‒28.18	9.21		Huysman et al., 2017
氢化可的松（天然） Cortisol (Natural)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.11‒20		96‒100	Chang et al., 2009
		ND‒13	2.69	66.7	郭文景, 2015
		1.2‒11	4.67	100	Shen et al., 2020
	多瑙河, 匈牙利	<0.17‒2.67			Tölgyesi et al., 2010
	太湖, 中国	ND‒9.28 (夏)	2.37	97	Zhou et al., 2016
	太湖, 中国	2.78‒17.5 (冬)	6.04	100	Zhou et al., 2016
	北海, 比利时	0.89‒7.48	2.98		Huysman et al., 2017
	流沙湾, 中国南海	ND‒0.50	0.25	10	杨雷等, 2019
醋酸氢化可的松（合成） Cortisol acetate (Synthetic)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	ND‒476	144.75	44.4	郭文景, 2015
	温榆河及其支流, 北京	2.1‒21	10.23		Shen et al., 2020
	秦淮河等, 南京^*	1.29‒2.38	1.84	25	谭丽超等, 2014
泼尼松（合成） Prednisone (Synthetic)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.12‒0.86		53	Chang et al., 2007
	温榆河及其支流, 北京	<0.02‒1.2			Shen et al., 2020
	秦淮河等, 南京^*	1.31‒8.36	5.33	100	谭丽超等, 2014
	北海, 比利时	9.17‒39.14	20.5		Huysman et al., 2017
泼尼松龙（合成） Prednisolone (Synthetic)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.25‒1.8		96‒100	Chang et al., 2009
		ND‒1.4	1.4	11.1	郭文景, 2015
		2.7‒94	24.8		Shen et al., 2020
	多瑙河, 匈牙利	<0.04‒0.58			Tölgyesi et al., 2010
	秦淮河等, 南京^*	4.14‒4.69	4.42	25	谭丽超等, 2014
	太湖, 中国	ND‒4.91	2.43	96.9	Zhou et al., 2016
	北海, 比利时	6.36‒15.17	8.99		Huysman et al., 2017
醋酸泼尼松龙（合成） Prednisolone acetate (Synthetic)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.04‒2.4	0.62		Chang et al., 2009
	秦淮河等, 南京^*	4.98‒18.17	10.6	50	谭丽超等, 2014
	北海, 比利时	<10			Huysman et al., 2017
甲基泼尼松龙（合成） Methylprednisolone (Synthetic)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.20‒0.41		6.7	Chang et al., 2009
	温榆河及其支流, 北京	<0.03‒12	<2.66		Shen et al., 2020
	瑞士的多条河流	3‒5			Ammann et al., 2014
	秦淮河等, 南京^*	3.85‒52.03	18.26	100	谭丽超等, 2014
地塞米松（合成） Dexamethasone (Synthetic)	温榆河及其支流, 北京	0.05‒8		96‒100	Chang et al., 2009
		ND‒0.77	0.44		郭文景, 2015
		0.51‒8.2	4.05		Shen et al., 2020
	多瑙河, 匈牙利	<0.01‒0.07			Tölgyesi et al., 2010
	秦淮河等, 南京^*	1.12‒10.73	7.06	62.5	谭丽超等, 2014

糖皮质激素 Glucocorticoids	logK_oc	logK_ow	其他甾体激素 Other steroids	logK_oc	logK_ow
可的松（天然） Cortisone (Natural)	1.31^a, 3.02‒3.12^{b, c}	1.81^a	雌酚酮 (雌)	2.60‒3.47^{d, e, f}	2.45‒3.43^d
氢化可的松（天然） Cortisol (Natural)	1.38^a, 1.76‒2.76^b	1.62^a	雌二醇 (雌)	3.04‒3.64^{d, e, f}	3.10‒4.01^d
皮质酮（天然） Corticosterone (Natural)	1.57^a	2.16^b	乙炔雌二醇 (雌)	2.91‒3.68^{e, f, g}	3.67‒4.15^e
地塞米松（合成） Dexamethasone (Synthetic)	1.57^a	1.72^a	睾酮 (雄)	2.22‒3.52^{d, e, h}	3.22^d
泼尼松（合成） Prednisone (Synthetic)	1.30^a	1.59^a	雄烯二酮 (雄)	2.13‒3.77^{b, e}	2.75
泼尼松龙（合成） Prednisolone (Synthetic)	1.39^a, 2.96^b	1.40^a	孕酮 (孕)	3.91‒4.16^d	3.67‒3.87^d
甲基泼尼龙（合成） Methylprednisolone (Synthetic)	1.5^a	2.09^b	左炔诺孕酮 (孕)	2.98‒3.40^{c, i}	3.48

糖皮质激素 Glucocorticoids	logK_oc	logK_ow	其他甾体激素 Other steroids	logK_oc	logK_ow
可的松（天然） Cortisone (Natural)	1.31^a, 3.02‒3.12^{b, c}	1.81^a	雌酚酮 (雌)	2.60‒3.47^{d, e, f}	2.45‒3.43^d
氢化可的松（天然） Cortisol (Natural)	1.38^a, 1.76‒2.76^b	1.62^a	雌二醇 (雌)	3.04‒3.64^{d, e, f}	3.10‒4.01^d
皮质酮（天然） Corticosterone (Natural)	1.57^a	2.16^b	乙炔雌二醇 (雌)	2.91‒3.68^{e, f, g}	3.67‒4.15^e
地塞米松（合成） Dexamethasone (Synthetic)	1.57^a	1.72^a	睾酮 (雄)	2.22‒3.52^{d, e, h}	3.22^d
泼尼松（合成） Prednisone (Synthetic)	1.30^a	1.59^a	雄烯二酮 (雄)	2.13‒3.77^{b, e}	2.75
泼尼松龙（合成） Prednisolone (Synthetic)	1.39^a, 2.96^b	1.40^a	孕酮 (孕)	3.91‒4.16^d	3.67‒3.87^d
甲基泼尼龙（合成） Methylprednisolone (Synthetic)	1.5^a	2.09^b	左炔诺孕酮 (孕)	2.98‒3.40^{c, i}	3.48

水环境中糖皮质激素的环境行为及生态风险研究进展

Fate and Ecological Risks of Glucocorticoids in Aquatic Environment: A Review

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