生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 408-417.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.03.009

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇    下一篇

济南市柴油型移动源排放颗粒物中碳组分特征和排放量估算

张桂芹1(), 王云博1, 杜琪玥2, 闫怀忠3, 李思源1, 石敬华3, 刘仕杰4, 朱文祺1, 孙友敏1,*()   

  1. 1.山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院，山东 济南 250101
    2.山东科技大学安全与环境工程学院，山东 青岛 266590
    3.山东省生态环境监测中心，山东 济南 250101
    4.山东建筑大学资源与环境创新研究院，山东 济南 250101
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-16 出版日期:2024-03-18 发布日期:2024-05-08
  • 通讯作者: *孙友敏。E-mail: ymsun@sdjzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张桂芹（1969年生），女，教授，博士，研究方向为大气污染控制理论与技术。E-mail: zhangguiqin320@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金重大基础研究项目(ZR2020ZD21);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021MD013);山东省重点研发计划项目(2020CXGC011401);研究生教育优质课程建设项目(YZKC202214)

Characteristics and Emission Estimates of Carbon Components in Particulate Matter Emitted from Diesel-type Mobile Sources in Ji’nan

ZHANG Guiqin1(), WANG Yunbo1, DU Qiyue2, YAN Huaizhong3, LI Siyuan1, SHI Jinghua3, LIU Shijie4, ZHU Wenqi1, SUN Youmin1,*()   

  1. 1. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji’nan 250101, P. R. China
    2. Shandong University of Science and Technology Safety and environmental engineering, Qingdao 266590, P. R. China
    3. Shandong Province Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji’nan 250101, P. R. China
    4. Resources and Environmental Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji’nan 250101, P. R. China
  • Received:2023-10-16 Online:2024-03-18 Published:2024-05-08

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摘要：

为了识别济南市柴油型移动源排放颗粒物中碳组分特征，采用稀释通道采样器于2021年采集了柴油货车和工程机械尾气排放颗粒物，并对汽油车尾气一并采集对比，分析了尾气排放颗粒物质量浓度和其中的碳组分。结果表明，柴油型移动源排放颗粒物质量浓度明显高于汽油车，且以细颗粒物为主，PM2.5/PM10数值几乎接近于1.0，其中柴油货车排放颗粒物质量浓度高于工程机械，且随车型增大排放颗粒物质量浓度增大，重型柴油载货车排放PM2.5和PM10质量浓度最大，分别为4.56×104 μg∙m−3和4.71×104 μg∙m−3。柴油货车PM2.5和PM10排放因子范围分别为8.90－21.8 mg∙km−1和9.40－22.5 mg∙km−1，工程机械中破碎机颗粒物排放因子略大于挖掘机，破碎机PM2.5和PM10排放因子分别为0.12 g∙kW−1∙h−1和0.14 g∙kW−1∙h−1，挖掘机排放因子分别为0.10 g∙kW−1∙h−1和0.11 g∙kW−1∙h−1。碳组分为柴油型移动源排放颗粒物的主要成分，其中工程机械排放总碳（TC）在颗粒物中占比约为66.0%，大于柴油货车的占比41.5%（PM2.5）和45.5%（PM10）。根据有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）在尾气排放颗粒物占比分析可知，柴油货车排放以OC为主，而工程机械排放EC高且为柴油货车2倍多。汽油车与柴油货车OC中占比最高的碳组分相同，均为OC2，而工程机械为OC1。EC2为柴油型移动源排放EC的主要组分，车型最大的重型柴油载货车排放EC2占比最大，分别为20.7%（PM2.5）和21.8%（PM10），但汽油车跟柴油货车不同，EC1为汽油车排放主要碳组分。基于2021年济南市柴油货车和工程机械保有量，对城市柴油型移动源碳组分排放量进行了估算，发现柴油型移动源尾气排放PM10中碳组分排放量高于PM2.5，工程机械尾气中碳组分排放量高于柴油货车，因此应加快推进机动车新能源化的发展以及工程机械的清洁化发展。

关键词: 柴油型移动源, 碳组分, 颗粒物, 特征分析, 排放量估算

Abstract:

In order to identify the characteristics of carbon components in particulate matter emitted from diesel-type mobile sources in urban areas of Jinan, particulate matter emitted from diesel trucks and construction machinery and exhaust gas emitted from gasoline-type vehicles were collected by a dilution channel sampler in 2021. The particulate matter concentration and carbon composition in exhaust gas were analyzed. The results showed that particulate matter concentrations in diesel-type mobile sources were significantly higher than gasoline-type vehicles, with fine particulate matter concentration being dominant. The value of PM2.5/PM10 was close to 1.0, and the concentration of particulate matter in diesel-type mobile sources was higher than that in construction machinery. The mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 was elevated with the increase of operation, reaching the highest values in heavy-duty diesel trucks, which were 4.56×104 μg∙m−3 and 4.71×104 μg∙m−3, respectively. The emission factors for PM2.5 and PM10 from diesel trucks ranged from 8.90 to 21.8 mg∙km−1 and 9.40 to 22.5 mg∙km−1, respectively. In construction machinery, the particulate emission factor of crushers was slightly higher than that of excavators. Specifically, the emission factors for PM2.5 and PM10 of crushers were 0.12 g∙kW−1∙h−1 and 0.14 g∙kW−1∙h−1, respectively. The corresponding emission factors of excavators were 0.10 g∙kW−1∙h−1 and 0.11 g∙kW−1∙h−1, respectively. Carbon is the main component of particulate matter in diesel-type mobile sources. The proportion of total carbon (TC) in construction machinery was approximately 66.0%, which was higher than that in diesel trucks (41.5% [PM2.5]) and 45.5% [PM10]). According to an analysis of the proportions of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in exhaust particulate matter, the emissions of diesel goods vehicles were mainly OC, whereas those of construction machinery were mainly EC, which was more than twice as high as those of diesel trucks. OC2 was the highest carbon component in the OC of gasoline vehicles and diesel trucks, and OC1 was the highest carbon component in the OC of construction machinery. EC2 was the main component of the diesel mobile source emissions, and the largest type of heavy-duty diesel truck had the largest proportion of EC2, which was 20.7% (PM2.5) and 21.8% (PM10). However, EC1 was the main carbon component of gasoline vehicles. The emissions of carbon components from mobile diesel sources were estimated based on 2021 diesel goods vehicles and construction machinery in Jinan. The emissions of carbon components in PM10 were higher than those in PM2.5, and the emissions of carbon components in the tail gases of construction machinery were much higher than those of diesel trucks. Therefore, the development of new energy sources for motor vehicles and clean construction machinery needs to be accelerated.

Key words: diesel mobile source, carbon component, particulate matter, characteristic analysis, emission estimation

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