8种灌木对大气颗粒物污染的生理响应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.012

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 535-545.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.012

8种灌木对大气颗粒物污染的生理响应

朱旭(), 李海梅^*(), 李彦华, 孙迎坤, 田园

青岛农业大学园林与林学院,山东青岛 266109

收稿日期:2021-12-01 出版日期:2022-03-18 发布日期:2022-05-25
通讯作者: *李海梅（1975年生）,女,教授,博士,主要从事城市生态学研究。E-mail: lihaimei75@163.com
作者简介:朱旭（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事城市生态学研究。E-mail: 787261006@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31971718)

Physiological Responses of Eight Shrubs to Atmospheric Particulate Matter Pollution

ZHU Xu(), LI Haimei^*(), LI Yanhua, SUN Yingkun, TIAN Yuan

School of landscape architecture and forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China

Received:2021-12-01 Online:2022-03-18 Published:2022-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为深入探究灌木树种对大气颗粒物（PM）污染的生理响应,以青岛市3种尘源区域（燃煤区、燃油区和清洁区）中常见的8种灌木为对象,采用3级滤膜过滤法测定了灌木单位叶面积滞留不同粒径颗粒物（TSP、PM_>10、PM₁₀和PM_2.5）的质量,并对蒙尘后灌木叶片的生理指标进行了比较测定,分析了叶片截留颗粒物的性质对植物生理指标的影响。结果表明,（1）研究区域内灌木滞尘量总体表现为燃煤区>燃油区>清洁区,且叶片所截留的颗粒物以PM_>10为主,其中小叶黄杨（Buxus sinica）对TSP、PM_>10和PM₁₀的吸滞能力最强,平均单位叶面积滞尘量分别为4.89、3.45、1.54 g∙m^-2;大叶黄杨（Euonymus japonicus）对于PM_2.5的截留量最高,平均为0.21 g∙m^-2;而火棘（Pyracantha fortuneana）对不同粒径颗粒物均呈现出最低的吸滞水平。（2）随粉尘污染的加重,灌木叶绿素呈下降趋势,类胡萝卜素、抗坏血酸和叶干物质含量呈上升趋势。（3）相关性分析表明,紫荆（Cercis chinensis）叶片滞尘量与各生理指标之间具有显著相关关系（P<0.05）,适合作为大气污染的指示植物;蔷薇（Rosa multifolora）叶片滞尘量与各生理指标之间无显著性相关,表明其不易受到蒙尘胁迫的影响。（4）冗余分析（RDA）表明,在大气污染下,植物叶绿素极易受到颗粒物粒径的影响,而类胡萝卜素易受到粉尘来源的影响。该研究结论可为青岛市绿化建设中不同尘源区域树种的选择、立地配置与滞尘效益的进一步量化评价提供科学依据。

关键词: 大气颗粒物, 灌木, 滞尘能力, 生理指标, 生理响应, 颗粒物径级

Abstract:

In order to deeply explore the physiological and ecological response of shrub species to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) pollution, this study selected eight kinds of common shrubs in three dust source zones (i.e., coal combustion zone, oil combustion zone, and clean zone) in Qingdao as the objects. and quantified particles of different sizes (TSP, PM_>10, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) per unit leaf area using the 3-layer membrane filtration method. The physiological indexes of shrub leaves after dusting were compared and measured, and the effects of particle properties intercepted by leaves on plant physiology were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The dust retention of shrubs in the study area was the strongest in the coal combustion zone, followed by the oil combustion zone, and the clean zone. PM_>10 was the main particle retained by leaves. Among all shrubs, Buxus sinica had the highest absorption capacity for TSP, PM_>10, and PM₁₀, and the average dust retention per unit leaf area was 4.89 g∙m^-2, 3.45 g∙m^-2and 1.54 g∙m^-2, respectively. Euonymus japonicus had the highest interception capacity for PM_2.5, and the average value was 0.21 g∙m^-2. Pyracantha fortuneana showed the lowest absorption level for particles with different sizes. (2) With the aggravation of dust pollution, the chlorophyll of shrubs decreased, while the contents of carotenoid, ascorbic acid, and leaf dry matter increased. (3) Correlation analysis showed that Cercis chinensis was a suitable indicator plant for air pollution, because there was a significant correlation between its leaf dust retention and various physiological indexes (P<0.05). However, Rosa multifolora leaves might not be vulnerable to dust stress, as no significant correlation was found between their dust retention and physiological indexes. (4) Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that under air pollution, plant chlorophyll was highly susceptible to the size of PM, and carotenoid was susceptible to dust sources. This study can provide a scientific basis for the selection of tree species, site configuration, and further quantitative evaluation of dust retention benefits of tree species in different dust source zones in Qingdao's urban greening construction.

Key words: atmospheric particulate matter, shrub, dust retention capacity, physiological indexes, physiological response, particle size class

中图分类号:

X173

朱旭, 李海梅, 李彦华, 孙迎坤, 田园. 8种灌木对大气颗粒物污染的生理响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(3): 535-545.

ZHU Xu, LI Haimei, LI Yanhua, SUN Yingkun, TIAN Yuan. Physiological Responses of Eight Shrubs to Atmospheric Particulate Matter Pollution[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(3): 535-545.

图/表 7

表1 供试树种

Table 1 Tested plant species

树种 Tree species	科 Family	属 Genus	生活型 Life form
火棘 Pyracantha fortuneana	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	火棘属 Pyracantha	常绿灌木
大叶黄杨 Euonymus japonicus	黄杨科 Buxaceae	黄杨属 Buxus	常绿灌木
红叶石楠 Photinia frasery	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	石楠属 Photinia	常绿灌木
小叶黄杨 Buxus sinica	黄杨科 Buxaceae	黄杨属 Buxus	常绿灌木
金叶女贞 Ligustrum vicaryi	木犀科 Oleaceae	女贞属 Ligustrum	落叶灌木
紫叶小檗 Berberis thunbergii cv. atropurpurea	小檗科 Berberidaceae	小檗属 Berberis	落叶灌木
蔷薇 Rosa multifolora	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	蔷薇属 Rosa	落叶灌木
紫荆 Cercis chinensis	豆科 Leguminosae	紫荆属 Cercis	落叶灌木

图1 灌木的单位叶面积滞尘量平均值±标准偏差,n=3;火棘,Pf;大叶黄杨,Ej;红叶石楠,Pfr;小叶黄杨,Bs;金叶女贞,Lv;紫叶小檗,Bt;蔷薇,Rm;紫荆,Cc。下同===不同小写字母表示同一尘源区域不同植物滞尘量之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）,不同大写字母表示同一植物不同尘源区域滞尘量之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）

Figure 1 Dust retention of shrubs with different particle sizes Mean±standard deviation, n=3; Pyracantha fortuneana, Pf; Euonymus japonicus, Ej; Photinia frasery, Pfr; Buxus sinica, Bs; Ligustrum vicaryi, Lv; Berberis thunbergii cv. Atropurpurea, Bt; Rosa multifolora, Rm; Cercis chinensis, Cc. The same below===Different small letters indicate that there is a significant difference in dust retention between different plants in the same dust source area (P<0.05), and different capital letters indicate that there is a significant difference in dust retention between different dust source areas of the same plant (P<0.05)

图2 灌木对不同粒径颗粒物吸滞量 A：清洁区;B：燃油区;C：燃煤区。不同小写字母表示同一指标下（PM10、PM5、PM2.5）不同植物滞尘量之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）

Figure 2 Dust retention of eight shrubs with different particle sizes A: Clean zone; B: Oil burning zone; C: Coal burning zone. Different lowercase letters indicate that there are significant differences in dust retention of different plants under the same index (PM10, PM5, PM2.5) (P<0.05)

图3 灌木生理指标不同小写字母表示同一尘源区域不同植物生理指标之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）,大写字母表示同一植物不同尘源区域生理指标之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）

Figure 3 Physiological indexes of shrubs Different small letters indicate that there are significant differences in physiological indexes of different plants in the same dust source area (P<0.05), and capital letters indicate that there are significant differences in physiological indexes between different dust source areas of the same plant (P<0.05)

表2 各树种叶片滞尘量与生理指标之间的相关系数

Table 2 Correlation coefficients between dust retention and physiological indexes of leaves of various tree species

指标 Index	叶片滞尘量 Amount of dust on leaves
指标 Index	Pf	Ej	Pfr	Bs	Lv	Bt	Rm	Cc
Chl	-0.795^*	-0.521	-0.917^**	-0.770^*	-0.675^*	-0.672^*	-0.516	-0.776^*
Car	0.679^*	0.936^**	0.862^**	0.265	0.979^**	0.603	0.512	0.730^*
AsA	0.775^*	0.673^*	0.092	0.795^*	0.616	0.474	0.483	0.803^**
LDMC	0.634	0.717^*	0.664	-0.065	0.755^*	0.825^**	0.528	0.800^**

图4 粉尘颗粒物粒径与灌木生理指标的RDA

Figure 4 RDA of dust particle size and shrub physiological index

图5 粉尘来源与灌木生理指标的RDA

Figure 5 RDA of dust source and shrub physiological index

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8种灌木对大气颗粒物污染的生理响应

Physiological Responses of Eight Shrubs to Atmospheric Particulate Matter Pollution

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