不同油品对国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ柴油公交车的碳排放影响研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.015

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 1849-1855.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.015

不同油品对国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ柴油公交车的碳排放影响研究

傅梦琪¹(), 刘娟¹^,^*(), 李进²^,⁴, 张凡³, 李雪瑶², 杨正军³, 李彭辉¹, 金陶胜²^,^*()

1.天津理工大学环境科学与安全工程学院,天津 300384
2.南开大学环境科学与工程学院/天津市城市交通污染防治研究重点实验室/国家环境保护城市大气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,天津 300350
3.中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司,北京100176
4.吉林建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,吉林长春 130118

收稿日期:2022-01-16 出版日期:2022-09-18 发布日期:2022-11-07
通讯作者: 金陶胜（1973年生）,男,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为环境健康、移动源排放分析与控制。E-mail: jints@nankai.edu.cn
*刘娟（1978年生）,女,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为碳减排、环境管理、废弃物循环再利用。E-mail: emptylj@126.com;
作者简介:傅梦琪（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为移动源排放方面的研究。E-mail: ludiudiu_8@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(21477057);大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(DQGG0207-03)

Study on Carbon Emission of Different Oil Products on China Ⅳ and China Ⅴ Diesel Buses

FU Mengqi¹(), LIU Juan¹^,^*(), LI Jin²^,⁴, ZHANG Fan³, LI Xueyao², YANG Zhengjun³, LI Penghui¹, JIN Taosheng²^,^*()

1. School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
3. China Automotive Technology&Research Center Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
4. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China

Received:2022-01-16 Online:2022-09-18 Published:2022-11-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

应用重型底盘测功机测试系统,对比分析了国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ柴油公交车分别燃用京Ⅵ柴油、国Ⅴ柴油和B5生物柴油（5%生物柴油+95%石油柴油）在中国典型城市公交车循环下的含碳污染物和颗粒物（PM）排放特性。试验时将车辆固定在底盘测功机上根据车辆装载质量的75%进行阻力加载,公交车在底盘测功机上根据模拟指定的行驶工况运行而不受实际道路交通情况的限制。测量车辆排放尾气中的颗粒物数量（PN）、颗粒物质量（PM）、碳氢化合物（HC）和一氧化碳（CO）的排放量,再根据油耗计算出二氧化碳（CO₂）的排放量。结果表明,燃用京Ⅵ柴油、国Ⅴ柴油和B5生物柴油的国Ⅳ车与国Ⅴ车相比,碳氢化合物（HC）的排放量受油品影响不大,国Ⅴ车一氧化碳（CO）的排放量与国Ⅳ车相比分别下降70.7%、67.9%、67.1%,国Ⅴ车二氧化碳（CO₂）的排放量与国Ⅳ车相比分别下降19.0%、15.8%、18.5%,国Ⅴ车与国Ⅳ车相比颗粒数量分别减少46.2%、62.9%、57.4%,而颗粒质量国Ⅴ车相对国Ⅳ车分别减少57.1%、41.7%、50.0%。总体上柴油车燃用的B5生物柴油和京Ⅵ柴油、国Ⅴ柴油相比,碳氢化合物（HC）平均排放量分别下降1.6%和4.2%,一氧化碳（CO）平均排放量分别下降2.1%和8.3%,二氧化碳（CO₂）平均排放量上升0.04%和0.58%。该研究分析柴油车含碳法规污染物的排放特性,获得的研究结果对于柴油车的减污降碳协同增效等相应控制管理具有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 柴油公交车, 油品, 排放标准, 含碳气态污染物, 颗粒物

Abstract:

In this paper, a heavy-duty chassis dynamometer test system was used to analyze the carbonaceous gaseous pollutants and particulate matter (PM) from six diesel vehicles, which met the China IV or China V emission standards, by applying Beijing VI diesel, China V diesel, and diesel mixed biofuel B5 (5% biodiesel+95%diesel) under the bus cycle of typical Chinese cities. During the test, the vehicle was fixed on the chassis dynamometer for resistance loading according to 75% of the loaded mass of the vehicle. The vehicle ran on the chassis dynamometer according to the driving conditions specified by the simulation without being restricted by the actual road traffic conditions. The number of particulate matter (PN), mass of particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the vehicle's exhaust were measured, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions were calculated based on fuel consumption. The results showed that the differences in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from China V diesel vehicles compared with the China IV diesel vehicles fueled by Beijing VI diesel, China V diesel and B5 biodiesel were not significant. However, the carbon monoxide (CO) emissions of China V diesel vehicles decreased by 70.7%, 67.9%, 67.1% respectively compared with that of China IV diesel vehicles. The carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions of China V vehicles were 19.0%, 15.8%, and 18.5% lower than those of China IV vehicles. Compared with China IV diesel vehicles, the particulate number of China V diesel vehicles was reduced by 46.2%, 62.9%, and 57.4%, respectively, while the particulate matter of China V diesel vehicles was reduced by 57.1%, 41.7%, 50.0%, respectively. In general, compared with the Beijing VI diesel and China V diesel, the hydrocarbons (HC) emissions of diesel vehicles fueled by B5 biodiesel reduced by 1.6% and 4.2%, the carbon monoxide (CO) emissions of diesel vehicles fueled by B5 biodiesel reduced by 2.1% and 8.3%, the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions of diesel vehicles fueled by B5 biodiesel increased by 0.04% and 0.58%. Our research presented the emission characteristics of carbonaceous regulatory pollutants from diesel vehicles, and shed light on corresponding management of synergizing the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions from diesel vehicles.

Key words: diesel vehicles, fuel property, emission standard, carbonaceous gaseous pollutants, particulate matter

中图分类号:

傅梦琪, 刘娟, 李进, 张凡, 李雪瑶, 杨正军, 李彭辉, 金陶胜. 不同油品对国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ柴油公交车的碳排放影响研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(9): 1849-1855.

FU Mengqi, LIU Juan, LI Jin, ZHANG Fan, LI Xueyao, YANG Zhengjun, LI Penghui, JIN Taosheng. Study on Carbon Emission of Different Oil Products on China Ⅳ and China Ⅴ Diesel Buses[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(9): 1849-1855.

图/表 8

参考文献 32

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参数 Parameters	国Ⅳ柴油车 China Ⅳ diesel	国Ⅴ柴油车 China Ⅴ diesel
发动机型号 Engine type	YC6L310-41	YC6L310-51
整备质量/满载质量 Preparation mass/full load mass/kg	12390/18000	12200/17500
发动机额定功率 Engine power rating/kW	228	228
发动机最大转矩 Maximum engine torque/kg·m	117.347	117.347
发动机排量 Engine displacement/L	8.424	8.424
总里程 Total mileage/km	760649/747170/ 179650	675630/658964/612834

参数 Parameters	国Ⅳ柴油车 China Ⅳ diesel	国Ⅴ柴油车 China Ⅴ diesel
发动机型号 Engine type	YC6L310-41	YC6L310-51
整备质量/满载质量 Preparation mass/full load mass/kg	12390/18000	12200/17500
发动机额定功率 Engine power rating/kW	228	228
发动机最大转矩 Maximum engine torque/kg·m	117.347	117.347
发动机排量 Engine displacement/L	8.424	8.424
总里程 Total mileage/km	760649/747170/ 179650	675630/658964/612834

参数 Parameters	国Ⅴ柴油China V diesel	京Ⅵ柴油Beijing VI diesel	B5生物柴油B5 biodiesel
密度 Density (20 ℃)/(kg∙m^-3)	832.8	828.6	827.3
运动黏度 Kinematic coefficient of viscosity (20 ℃)/(mm²∙s^-1)	5.222	4.665	4.644
冷滤点 Cold filter plugging poin/℃	-3	-8	-8
闭口闪点 Closed-cup flash point/℃	77.5	82.5	61
硫的质量分数 Mass fraction of sulfur/%	4.5	6.1	7.5
十六烷值 Cetane number	52.7	56.5	52.2
总不溶物 Total insolubles/[mg∙(100 mL)^-1]	2.5	0.1	0.1
酸度 Acidity/[mg∙(100 mL)^-1]	7	3.24	0.034

参数 Parameters	国Ⅴ柴油China V diesel	京Ⅵ柴油Beijing VI diesel	B5生物柴油B5 biodiesel
密度 Density (20 ℃)/(kg∙m^-3)	832.8	828.6	827.3
运动黏度 Kinematic coefficient of viscosity (20 ℃)/(mm²∙s^-1)	5.222	4.665	4.644
冷滤点 Cold filter plugging poin/℃	-3	-8	-8
闭口闪点 Closed-cup flash point/℃	77.5	82.5	61
硫的质量分数 Mass fraction of sulfur/%	4.5	6.1	7.5
十六烷值 Cetane number	52.7	56.5	52.2
总不溶物 Total insolubles/[mg∙(100 mL)^-1]	2.5	0.1	0.1
酸度 Acidity/[mg∙(100 mL)^-1]	7	3.24	0.034

文献 Literature	油品 Fuel	一氧化碳 CO	二氧化碳 CO₂	碳氢化合物 HC	颗粒物 PM
Demirbas, 2007	B20	-13.1	-	-	-8.9
Demirbas, 2007	B100	-42.7	-	-	-55.3
Zhang et al., 2022	B5	-6.56	+0.90	+2.08	-1.71
Na et al., 2015	Soy B20	-9.4	-3.0	+5.6	-33.3
	An B20	-11.1	+1.3	-14.0	-40.6
	Soy B50	-25.1	-3.0	-2.7	-60.7
	An B50	-24.8	-1.6	-32.1	-50.0
	Soy B100	-32.8	-2.6	-36.0	-79.0
	An B100	-40.5	+2.1	-54.2	-79.8
Wang et al., 2012	B20	-6	-	-9	-19
	B40	-9	-	-15	-35
	B60	-12	-	-21	-47
	B80	-14	-	-24	-55
	B100	-16	-	-28	-58
Lin et al., 2009	B20	-4.91	-3.65	-22.9	-9.64
Simsek, 2020	BD10	+13.3	+4.83	-1.29	-
	BD20	+18.23	+26.92	-4.43	-
	BD30	+21.33	+30.85	-8.23	-
	BD50	+25.68	+35.42	-11.00	-
	BD75	+30.77	+38.04	-14.42	-
	BD100	+34.28	+42.62	-17.49	-
本研究 This research	B5	-8.3	+0.58	-4.2	-

不同油品对国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ柴油公交车的碳排放影响研究

Study on Carbon Emission of Different Oil Products on China Ⅳ and China Ⅴ Diesel Buses

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