东南湿润区典型丹霞地貌土壤有机碳组分及其敏感性研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.008

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1132-1140.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.008

东南湿润区典型丹霞地貌土壤有机碳组分及其敏感性研究

王超¹^,²(), 杨倩楠¹^,², 张池³, 李祥东⁴, 陈静¹^,², 张晓龙¹^,², 陈金洁¹^,², 刘科学¹^,²^,^*()

1.广州新华学院资源与城乡规划学院,广东广州 510310
2.广东华南空间规划研究院,广东广州 510642
3.华南农业大学,广东广州 510642
4.广东科学院生态环境与土壤研究所,广东广州 510520

收稿日期:2022-01-13 出版日期:2022-06-18 发布日期:2022-07-29
通讯作者: *刘科学（1980年生）,男,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为土地整治与生态修复。E-mail: 28257448@qq.com
作者简介:王超（1994年生）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为耕地质量提升和土壤结构改良。E-mail: wzfaye66@sina.com
基金资助:
广东省自然科学基金项目(2021A1515011543);广东省教育科学“十三五”规划项目(2020GXJK116);广州新华学院校级自然科学类重点项目(2020KYZD02)

Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Their Sensitivities to Land Use in the Typical Danxia landform Area in the Humid Region of Southeast China

WANG Chao¹^,²(), YANG Qiannan¹^,², ZHANG Chi³, LI Xiangdong⁴, CHEN Jing¹^,², ZHANG Xiaolong¹^,², CHEN Jinjie¹^,², LIU Kexue¹^,²^,^*()

1. Guangzhou Xinhua University, School of Resources and Planning, Guangzhou 510310, P. R. China
2. Guangdong South China Institute of Spatial Planning, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
3. South Chinese Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
4. Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510520, P. R. China

Received:2022-01-13 Online:2022-06-18 Published:2022-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“中国丹霞”是中国东南部湿润地带脆弱的生态系统之一。研究其土壤有机碳组分、碳库的敏感性和碳库管理的变化特征,对脆弱生态区土壤固碳和生态环境的可持续性发展具有重要意义。在广东仁化丹霞山典型地貌区,选取4种土地利用方式土壤（自然林地NL、灌丛SL、撂荒草地AG和农田CL）为研究对象,测定土壤总有机碳（TOC）、溶解性有机碳（DOC）、易氧化有机碳（EOC）、颗粒态有机碳（POC）和微生物量碳（MBC）含量,旨在探明东南湿润区典型丹霞地貌不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳组分及其敏感性特征。结果表明,（1）TOC、DOC和POC质量分数在NL土壤表现最高,分别为24.32 g∙kg^-1、291.10 mg∙kg^-1和6.49 g∙kg^-1。与其他利用方式相比,AG土壤EOC和微生物熵显著增加,分别提高了21.04%—43.19%和36.16%—171.43%,而CL表层土壤MBC含量显著降低,降幅达258.40%—347.89%。（2）4种土地利用方式土壤有机碳组分均以POC最敏感,DOC差异性较小。（3）表层土壤的碳库管理指数以AG最高,而亚表层土壤以NL最高,MBC是土壤碳库管理指数变化的重要影响因素。（4）线性拟合分析表明,土壤TOC变化量与DOC变化无明显相关,与EOC呈显著负相关,与POC、非活性有机碳、矿物结合态有机碳呈极显著正相关。POC是土壤有机碳组分敏感性指标,而MBC是土壤碳库管理指数变化的有效性表征指标,这揭示了丹霞地貌不同土地利用方式是通过土壤团粒结构和土壤微生物代谢活动影响土壤有机碳库变化。此外,该区域林地有机碳组分含量较高,退耕还林有助于土壤固碳和土壤质量提升。

关键词: 丹霞地貌, 有机碳组分, 敏感性, 土地利用方式, 土壤固碳

Abstract:

The Danxia landform area is one of the typical ecologically fragile zones in southeast China. Knowledge of the soil organic carbon fractions, the sensitivities of carbon pools and the variation characteristics of carbon pool management in this area is of importance for the carbon sequestration and sustainable development of ecosystems in ecologically fragile zones. In this study, four land-use types, i.e., natural forest (NL), shrubland (SL), abandoned grassland (AG), and cropland (CL), were selected in the Danxia Mountain area, Renhua, Guangdong. Soil organic carbon fractions, including total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), were quantified with the aim to investigate the changes and sensitivities of soil organic carbon fractions under different land-use types on the typical Danxia landform in southeastern humid zone. The results showed that the NL soil had significantly higher TOC, DOC, and POC contents with 24.32 g∙kg^-1, 291.10 mg∙kg^-1 and 6.49 g∙kg^-1, respectively. Compared with other three land-use types, EOC and microbial entropy in AG soil increased by 21.04%-43.19% and 36.16%-171.43%, respectively, whereas the MBC content in CL surface soil was significantly reduced by 258.40%-347.89%. Of the soil organic carbon fractions, POC was the most sensitive to land-use type, whereas DOC showed fewer differences among the four land-use types. The highest values of carbon pool management index for surface and subsurface soils were obtained in AG and NL, respectively, and MBC was an important influencing factor of soil carbon pool management index. Linear regression analysis showed that TOC variation was not significantly (P>0.05) correlated with DOC variation, but was significantly (P<0.05) negatively correlated with EOC and significantly (P<0.01) positively correlated with POC, inactive organic carbon, and mineral-associated organic carbon. POC was a sensitive indicator of the soil organic carbon fractions, whereas MBC was an effective indicator of changes in soil carbon pool management index, which revealed that different land-use types in the Danxia landform area affected the soil organic carbon pool by influencing the soil aggregate structure and soil microbial metabolic activities. In addition, the NL soil showed high contents of all organic carbon fractions, so returning farmland to forest would be conducive to soil carbon sequestration and soil quality improvement.

Key words: Danxia landform, organic carbon fraction, sensitivity, land-use type, soil carbon sequestration

中图分类号:

S156
X144

王超, 杨倩楠, 张池, 李祥东, 陈静, 张晓龙, 陈金洁, 刘科学. 东南湿润区典型丹霞地貌土壤有机碳组分及其敏感性研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1132-1140.

WANG Chao, YANG Qiannan, ZHANG Chi, LI Xiangdong, CHEN Jing, ZHANG Xiaolong, CHEN Jinjie, LIU Kexue. Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Their Sensitivities to Land Use in the Typical Danxia landform Area in the Humid Region of Southeast China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(6): 1132-1140.

图/表 9

参考文献 38

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编号 No.	样地类型 Sample type	海拔 Altitude/m	地理坐标 Geographic coordinates	年限 Age/a	主要植被 Major vegetation
NL	自然林地	268.9	25°2′36″N, 113°43′2″E	>30	枫香（Liquidambar formosana Hance）、米储（Castanopsis Carlesii）、丹霞梧桐（Firmiana danxiaensis H. H. Hsue & H. S. Kiu）、乌楣（Castanopsis jucunda Hance）
SL	灌丛	191.7	25°2′38″N, 113°43′28″E	>20	鸭脚木（Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms）、南酸枣（Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill.）、圆叶小石积（Osteomeles subrotunda K. Koch）、芒萁（Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Berhn.）、狗脊（Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm.）
AG	撂荒草地	117.5	25°2′27″N, 113°43′57″E	约3	狗尾草（Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.）、雀稗（Paspalum thunbergii Kunth ex steud.）
CL	农田	88.0	25°2′45″N, 113°43′21″E	>20	辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）、菜心（Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis var. utilis Tsen）、玉米（Zea mays L.）

编号 No.	样地类型 Sample type	海拔 Altitude/m	地理坐标 Geographic coordinates	年限 Age/a	主要植被 Major vegetation
NL	自然林地	268.9	25°2′36″N, 113°43′2″E	>30	枫香（Liquidambar formosana Hance）、米储（Castanopsis Carlesii）、丹霞梧桐（Firmiana danxiaensis H. H. Hsue & H. S. Kiu）、乌楣（Castanopsis jucunda Hance）
SL	灌丛	191.7	25°2′38″N, 113°43′28″E	>20	鸭脚木（Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms）、南酸枣（Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill.）、圆叶小石积（Osteomeles subrotunda K. Koch）、芒萁（Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Berhn.）、狗脊（Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm.）
AG	撂荒草地	117.5	25°2′27″N, 113°43′57″E	约3	狗尾草（Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.）、雀稗（Paspalum thunbergii Kunth ex steud.）
CL	农田	88.0	25°2′45″N, 113°43′21″E	>20	辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）、菜心（Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis var. utilis Tsen）、玉米（Zea mays L.）

土地利用方式 Land use types	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	pH	容重 Bulk density/(g∙cm^-3)	w_{(total N)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_{(amorphous iron)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(sand)/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(silt)/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(clay)/ (g∙kg^-1)
自然林地 NL	0-10	6.28±0.13	1.08±0.01	1.40±0.05	2.42±0.13	202.11±9.37	467.09±20.84	330.80±23.45
自然林地 NL	10-20	6.77±0.15	1.20±0.01	1.09±0.05	0.99±0.07	179.07±12.25	438.93±15.07	382.00±2.88
灌丛 SL	0-10	6.01±0.12	1.19±0.00	1.98±0.11	1.72±0.07	231.56±15.80	450.58±12.28	317.87±21.85
灌丛 SL	10-20	5.91±0.06	1.22±0.01	1.03±0.09	1.30±0.09	175.34±1.91	416.26±5.20	408.40±3.46
撂荒草地 AG	0-10	5.29±0.02	1.25±0.03	0.81±0.04	1.05±0.06	373.32±44.69	545.74±48.54	80.93±11.34
撂荒草地 AG	10-20	5.16±0.17	1.31±0.01	0.66±0.07	1.12±0.02	410.03±17.58	505.70±17.71	84.27±4.20
农田 CL	0-10	5.21±0.04	1.28±0.04	1.61±0.10	2.84±0.07	322.94±13.01	491.46±11.95	185.60±1.44
农田 CL	10-20	4.80±0.03	1.30±0.04	1.11±0.03	2.81±0.06	299.96±12.16	661.91±5.83	38.13±6.50

土地利用方式 Land use types	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	pH	容重 Bulk density/(g∙cm^-3)	w_{(total N)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_{(amorphous iron)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(sand)/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(silt)/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(clay)/ (g∙kg^-1)
自然林地 NL	0-10	6.28±0.13	1.08±0.01	1.40±0.05	2.42±0.13	202.11±9.37	467.09±20.84	330.80±23.45
自然林地 NL	10-20	6.77±0.15	1.20±0.01	1.09±0.05	0.99±0.07	179.07±12.25	438.93±15.07	382.00±2.88
灌丛 SL	0-10	6.01±0.12	1.19±0.00	1.98±0.11	1.72±0.07	231.56±15.80	450.58±12.28	317.87±21.85
灌丛 SL	10-20	5.91±0.06	1.22±0.01	1.03±0.09	1.30±0.09	175.34±1.91	416.26±5.20	408.40±3.46
撂荒草地 AG	0-10	5.29±0.02	1.25±0.03	0.81±0.04	1.05±0.06	373.32±44.69	545.74±48.54	80.93±11.34
撂荒草地 AG	10-20	5.16±0.17	1.31±0.01	0.66±0.07	1.12±0.02	410.03±17.58	505.70±17.71	84.27±4.20
农田 CL	0-10	5.21±0.04	1.28±0.04	1.61±0.10	2.84±0.07	322.94±13.01	491.46±11.95	185.60±1.44
农田 CL	10-20	4.80±0.03	1.30±0.04	1.11±0.03	2.81±0.06	299.96±12.16	661.91±5.83	38.13±6.50

指标 Index	土地利用方式 Land use types		土层深度 Soil depth		土地利用方式×土层深度 Land use types×Soil depth
指标 Index	F	P	F	P	F	P
TOC	763.89	P<0.01	599.742	P<0.01	78.77	P<0.01
DOC	4.11	P<0.05	84.74	P<0.01	6.68	P<0.01
EOC	29.84	P<0.01	363.40	P<0.01	65.36	P<0.01
POC	781.50	P<0.01	58.40	P<0.01	7.09	P<0.01
IOC	837.45	P<0.01	536.30	P<0.01	97.98	P<0.01
MOC	511.18	P<0.01	762.84	P<0.01	122.05	P<0.01
MBC	180.43	P<0.01	605.88	P<0.01	79.40	P<0.01
q_MB	43.87	P<0.01	59.03	P<0.01	19.81	P<0.01

东南湿润区典型丹霞地貌土壤有机碳组分及其敏感性研究

Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Their Sensitivities to Land Use in the Typical Danxia landform Area in the Humid Region of Southeast China

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土层深度 Soil depth/cm	土地利用方式 Land-use type	碳库指数 I_CP	碳库活度 A_CP	碳库活度指数 I_CPA	碳库管理指数 I_CPM
0-10	NL	—	0.07±0.00Bd	—	—
	SL	0.60±0.02Aa	0.10±0.00Ac	1.46±0.03Ac	87.19±3.38Ab
	AG	0.54±0.01Ab	0.16±0.00Ab	2.43±0.12Ab	132.34±9.32Aa
	CL	0.21±0.00Bc	0.42±0.01Aa	6.34±0.21Aa	130.97±2.77Aa
10-20	NL	—	0.11±0.00Ab	—	—
	SL	0.61±0.02Aa	0.10±0.01Ab	0.97±0.10Bb	59.22±6.71Bb
	AG	0.59±0.01Aa	0.07±0.00Bc	0.64±0.02Bc	37.45±0.68Bc
	CL	0.31±0.01Ab	0.31±0.01Ba	2.90±0.09Ba	88.64±2.25Ba
土地利用方式 Land use type		445.14^**	790.54^**	546.28^**	26.79^**
土层深度 Soil depth		26.18^**	68.26^**	422.87^**	174.36^**
土地利用方式×土层深度 Land use type×soil depth		5.86^*	61.38^**	84.39^**	23.78^**

指标 Index	I_CP		A_CP		I_CPA		I_CPM
指标 Index	r_p	P	r_p	P	r_p	P	r_p	P
TOC	-0.066	P>0.05	0.068	P>0.05	-0.009	P>0.05	0.194	P>0.05
DOC	0.098	P>0.05	0.166	P>0.05	0.393	P>0.05	0.289	P>0.05
EOC	0.170	P>0.05	-0.234	P>0.05	-0.247	P>0.05	-0.382	P>0.05
POC	-0.066	P>0.05	0.161	P>0.05	0.225	P>0.05	0.134	P>0.05
IOC	0.159	P>0.05	-0.228	P>0.05	-0.223	P>0.05	-0.374	P>0.05
MOC	-0.076	P>0.05	0.165	P>0.05	0.237	P>0.05	0.140	P>0.05
MBC	0.846	P<0.01	-0.545	P<0.05	-0.917	P<0.01	-0.618	P<0.05

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