有机肥与脱硫石膏对黄河三角洲盐碱地土壤团聚体及其有机碳组分的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.05.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 878-888.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.05.006

有机肥与脱硫石膏对黄河三角洲盐碱地土壤团聚体及其有机碳组分的影响

李传福¹(), 朱桃川¹, 明玉飞¹, 杨宇轩¹, 高舒¹, 董智², 李永强¹^,^*(), 焦树英¹^,^*()

1.山东农业大学资源与环境学院/土肥高效利用国家工程研究中心，山东泰安 271018
2.山东农业大学林学院，山东泰安 271018

收稿日期:2022-10-20 出版日期:2023-05-18 发布日期:2023-08-09
通讯作者: *焦树英（1978年生），女，教授，硕士研究生导师，主要从事盐碱地改良与退化土壤生态修复。E-mail: jiaoshuying@sdau.edu.cn
李永强（1976年生），男，副教授，硕士研究生导师，主要从事盐碱地改良和农业废弃物资源化利用。E-mail: lyqlinda@163.com;
作者简介:李传福（1995年生），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为盐碱地改良与土壤养分管理研究。E-mail: lichuanfu1995@126.com
基金资助:
山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2020MC173);山东省农业科技资金（林业科技创新）项目(2019LY005);国家十三五重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0800403);国家十三五重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0800602)

Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Desulphurized Gypsum on Soil Aggregates and Organic Carbon and Its Fractions Contents in the Saline-alkali Soil of the Yellow River Delta

LI Chuanfu¹(), ZHU Taochuan¹, MING Yufei¹, YANG Yuxuan¹, GAO Shu¹, DONG Zhi², LI Yongqiang¹^,^*(), JIAO Shuying¹^,^*()

1. College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for efficient utilization of soil and fertilizer, Tai’an,271018, P. R. China
2. Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, P. R. China

Received:2022-10-20 Online:2023-05-18 Published:2023-08-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄河三角洲地区土壤盐碱化严重制约了土壤资源高效利用和农业可持续发展。施用改良剂是改良盐碱土的有效措施，前期研究集中于有机肥对盐碱地土壤有机碳及其组分的影响，有机肥与脱硫石膏配施对滨海盐碱地团聚体有机碳组分变化作用机制缺乏研究。选用有机肥与脱硫石膏配施，探究其对盐碱土团聚体及其有机碳组分含量的影响，以期为改善盐碱地垦殖区土壤质量和农业可持续发展提供理论依据。以黄河三角洲新垦殖小麦-玉米轮作地为研究对象，采用随机区组试验方法，设置不施肥（CK）、农民常用施肥（CN）、猪粪有机肥（PCOF）、猪粪有机肥+低量石膏（PCOF-1）、猪粪有机肥+高量石膏（PCOF-2）共5个处理。通过3年田间试验，结果表明：与CK、CN处理相比，PCOF-1处理显著提高0-20 cm土层0.25-0.053 mm粒径团聚体占比（P<0.05），分别显著增加13.39%、22.69%，降低<0.053 mm粒径团聚体占比，分别显著降低39.05%、43.29%，PCOF-1处理显著提高土壤团聚体稳定性，G_MD较CN、CK处理显著增加20%、16.42%。有机肥与脱硫石膏处理显著提高0-20 cm土层全土和团聚体总有机碳及其组分含量（P<0.05），PCOF-1处理全土总有机碳（TOC）及其组分（MBC、WSOC、EOC、AHCⅠ、AHCⅡ）较CN处理分别显著提高6.75%、92.75%、13.36%、58.49%、16.33%、21.37%，并显著提高>0.25 mm和0.25-0.053 mm粒径团聚体中有机碳组分贡献率，降低<0.053 mm粒径中有机碳组分贡献率。土壤微生物量碳的敏感性指数均高于其他有机碳组分，且PCOF-1处理MBC值最高。因此，在农民常用施肥基础上，低量脱硫石膏与猪粪有机肥配施对黄河三角洲盐碱地小麦玉米轮作土壤有较好的质地改善和增碳作用。

关键词: 猪粪有机肥, 脱硫石膏, 土壤团聚体, 有机碳组分, 贡献率, 敏感性指数

Abstract:

Soil salinization in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) has seriously restricted the efficient utilization of soil resources and the sustainable development of agriculture. Application of amendments is an effective measure to improve saline-alkali soil in coastal areas. There are many studies on the effects of application of organic fertilizer on soil organic carbon and its fractions in saline-alkali soil. However, the mechanism of the influence of combined application of organic fertilizer and desulfurized gypsum on the changes of organic carbon fractions in aggregates in coastal saline-alkali soil is still unclear. This study aims to explore the effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and desulfurized gypsum on the content of organic carbon fractions in saline-alkali soil aggregates, in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving soil quality and promoting agricultural sustainable development in the saline-alkali land reclamation area. The study selected the wheat-maize rotation in the newly reclaimed land of the YRD as the research object. Using the randomized block experiment method, five treatments were set up including no fertilization (CK), common fertilizer for farmers (CN), pig manure organic fertilizer (PCOF), pig manure organic fertilizer+low amount of gypsum (PCOF-1), and pig manure organic fertilizer+high amount of gypsum (PCOF2). Through a three-year field experiment, the results showed that, compared with CK and CN, PCOF-1 treatment significantly increased the proportion of aggregates with 0.25-0.053 mm diameter in 0-20 cm soil layer (P<0.05) by 13.39% and 22.69%, respectively, and decreased the proportion of aggregates with <0.053 mm diameter by 39.05% and 43.29%, respectively. PCOF-1 treatment significantly improved the stability of soil aggregates, and GMD was significantly increased by 20% and 16.42%, compared with CN and CK treatments. Organic fertilizer and desulfurized gypsum treatment significantly increased the contents of total organic carbon (TOC) and its fractions in bulk soil and aggregates in 0-20 cm soil layer (P<0.05). Compared with the CN treatment, TOC and its fractions (i.e., MBC, WSOC, EOC, AHC Ⅰand AHC Ⅱ) were significantly increased by 6.75%, 92.75%, 13.36%, 58.49%, 16.33% and 21.37%, respectively, in PCOF-1 treatment. Moreover, the contribution rate of organic carbon fractions in aggregates with diameter > 0.25 mm and 0.25-0.053 mm was significantly increased, while the contribution rate of organic carbon fractions in aggregates with diameter < 0.053 mm was decreased. The sensitivity index of soil MBC was higher than that of other organic carbon fractions, and the PCOF-1 treatment had the highest MBC value. Therefore, on the basis of the common fertilizer used by farmers, the combination of low amount of desulphurized gypsum and pig manure could facilitate soil texture improvement and lead to carbon increase in the saline-alkali land of the YRD.

Key words: pig manure organic fertilizer, desulfurization gypsum, soil aggregates, soil organic carbon fraction, contribution rate, sensitivity index

中图分类号:

S153.6
X144

李传福, 朱桃川, 明玉飞, 杨宇轩, 高舒, 董智, 李永强, 焦树英. 有机肥与脱硫石膏对黄河三角洲盐碱地土壤团聚体及其有机碳组分的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(5): 878-888.

LI Chuanfu, ZHU Taochuan, MING Yufei, YANG Yuxuan, GAO Shu, DONG Zhi, LI Yongqiang, JIAO Shuying. Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Desulphurized Gypsum on Soil Aggregates and Organic Carbon and Its Fractions Contents in the Saline-alkali Soil of the Yellow River Delta[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(5): 878-888.

图/表 9

参考文献 39

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处理	施肥量/(kg·hm^-2)								改良材料+有机肥用量/(kg·hm^-2)
	小麦季				玉米季				小麦季、玉米季
	N-P₂O₅-K₂O	尿素	重过磷酸钙	硫酸钾	N-P₂O₅-K₂O	尿素	重过磷酸钙	硫酸钾	猪粪有机肥	脱硫石膏
CK	0-0-0	0	0	0	0-0-0	0	0	0	0	0
CN	240-120-90	521.74	272.73	180.00	225-75-90	400.95	170.40	180.00	0	0
PCOF	240-120-90	521.74	272.73	180.00	225-75-90	400.95	170.40	180.00	4500.00	0.00
PCOF-1	240-120-90	521.74	272.73	180.00	225-75-90	400.95	170.40	180.00	4500.00	300.00
PCOF-2	240-120-90	521.74	272.73	180.00	225-75-90	400.95	170.40	180.00	4500.00	600.00

处理	施肥量/(kg·hm^-2)								改良材料+有机肥用量/(kg·hm^-2)
	小麦季				玉米季				小麦季、玉米季
	N-P₂O₅-K₂O	尿素	重过磷酸钙	硫酸钾	N-P₂O₅-K₂O	尿素	重过磷酸钙	硫酸钾	猪粪有机肥	脱硫石膏
CK	0-0-0	0	0	0	0-0-0	0	0	0	0	0
CN	240-120-90	521.74	272.73	180.00	225-75-90	400.95	170.40	180.00	0	0
PCOF	240-120-90	521.74	272.73	180.00	225-75-90	400.95	170.40	180.00	4500.00	0.00
PCOF-1	240-120-90	521.74	272.73	180.00	225-75-90	400.95	170.40	180.00	4500.00	300.00
PCOF-2	240-120-90	521.74	272.73	180.00	225-75-90	400.95	170.40	180.00	4500.00	600.00

土层深度/cm	处理	团聚体粒级/%			稳定性指标
土层深度/cm	处理	>0.25 mm	0.25-0.053 mm	<0.053 mm	平均质量直径M_WD/mm	几何平均直径G_MD/mm
0-20	CK	50.99±1.28a	31.20±0.56c	17.81±1.40a	2.67±0.07a	0.67±0.05b
	CN	49.67±0.84ab	33.76±2.31bc	16.57±0.39a	2.60±0.05ab	0.65±0.03b
	PCOF	48.75±0.53b	37.01±1.70a	14.24±0.85b	2.56±0.03b	0.66±0.02b
	PCOF-1	51.62±1.15a	38.28±0.68a	10.10±0.81c	2.71±0.06a	0.78±0.01a
	PCOF-2	51.14±1.30a	35.87±1.18ab	12.99±0.45b	2.68±0.07a	0.73±0.03a
20-40	CK	39.16±0.43c	40.72±1.79b	20.12±1.09a	2.07±0.02c	0.42±0.03c
	CN	37.82±1.04c	43.77±1.65a	18.41±0.69a	2.01±0.05c	0.42±0.03c
	PCOF	52.29±1.49b	35.91±0.73c	11.80±1.65bc	2.74±0.08b	0.78±0.04b
	PCOF-1	55.96±0.29a	34.02±1.09c	10.02±1.90c	2.92±0.01a	0.91±0.06a
	PCOF-2	50.96±0.90b	35.98±0.96c	13.06±0.86b	2.67±0.05b	0.73±0.02b
40-60	CK	20.06±0.17c	60.43±1.30b	19.50±0.58b	1.13±0.01c	0.22±0.01c
	CN	13.75±0.34d	64.01±2.76ab	22.24±1.24a	0.81±0.01d	0.17±0.01d
	PCOF	23.66±1.52b	63.17±1.89ab	13.17±0.68d	1.31±0.08b	0.28±0.01b
	PCOF-1	25.55±0.33a	65.01±2.71a	9.43±0.75e	1.41±0.02a	0.32±0.02a
	PCOF-2	20.56±1.46c	63.00±1.04ab	16.44±0.55c	1.15±0.07c	0.23±0.01c

土层深度/cm	处理	团聚体粒级/%			稳定性指标
土层深度/cm	处理	>0.25 mm	0.25-0.053 mm	<0.053 mm	平均质量直径M_WD/mm	几何平均直径G_MD/mm
0-20	CK	50.99±1.28a	31.20±0.56c	17.81±1.40a	2.67±0.07a	0.67±0.05b
	CN	49.67±0.84ab	33.76±2.31bc	16.57±0.39a	2.60±0.05ab	0.65±0.03b
	PCOF	48.75±0.53b	37.01±1.70a	14.24±0.85b	2.56±0.03b	0.66±0.02b
	PCOF-1	51.62±1.15a	38.28±0.68a	10.10±0.81c	2.71±0.06a	0.78±0.01a
	PCOF-2	51.14±1.30a	35.87±1.18ab	12.99±0.45b	2.68±0.07a	0.73±0.03a
20-40	CK	39.16±0.43c	40.72±1.79b	20.12±1.09a	2.07±0.02c	0.42±0.03c
	CN	37.82±1.04c	43.77±1.65a	18.41±0.69a	2.01±0.05c	0.42±0.03c
	PCOF	52.29±1.49b	35.91±0.73c	11.80±1.65bc	2.74±0.08b	0.78±0.04b
	PCOF-1	55.96±0.29a	34.02±1.09c	10.02±1.90c	2.92±0.01a	0.91±0.06a
	PCOF-2	50.96±0.90b	35.98±0.96c	13.06±0.86b	2.67±0.05b	0.73±0.02b
40-60	CK	20.06±0.17c	60.43±1.30b	19.50±0.58b	1.13±0.01c	0.22±0.01c
	CN	13.75±0.34d	64.01±2.76ab	22.24±1.24a	0.81±0.01d	0.17±0.01d
	PCOF	23.66±1.52b	63.17±1.89ab	13.17±0.68d	1.31±0.08b	0.28±0.01b
	PCOF-1	25.55±0.33a	65.01±2.71a	9.43±0.75e	1.41±0.02a	0.32±0.02a
	PCOF-2	20.56±1.46c	63.00±1.04ab	16.44±0.55c	1.15±0.07c	0.23±0.01c

土层深度/ cm	处理	有机碳组分敏感性指数/%
土层深度/ cm	处理	TOC	WSOC	ROC	AHC Ⅰ	AHC Ⅱ	MBC
0-20	CN	4.07±2.21b	0.43±0.29b	25.87±7.59b	2.26±3.58b	24.89±2.46d	17.45±4.30d
	PCOF	8.99±3.31ab	13.65±1.10a	36.05±19.14b	13.85±2.46a	39.18±2.28b	98.63±4.07b
	PCOF-1	11.17±2.43a	13.84±0.51a	99.50±17.45a	18.96±5.12a	51.58±0.96a	126.40±7.61a
	PCOF-2	4.94±5.18ab	1.45±0.96b	54.68±13.22b	13.90±4.04a	33.87±1.57c	68.88±7.56c
20-40	CN	1.50±0.48a	17.28±1.69d	21.29±5.89d	9.55±4.93b	5.95±2.11d	9.23±6.17d
	PCOF	1.61±4.67b	29.11±1.22b	9.01±3.32c	12.28±2.51b	26.80±3.31b	34.79±2.99c
	PCOF-1	13.98±12.13ab	36.46±1.64a	86.52±1.29a	27.43±6.26a	46.43±2.02a	108.75±0.95a
	PCOF-2	11.75±0.76ab	25.84±1.56c	75.98±6.90b	12.17±9.08b	21.59±2.33c	83.67±14.49b
40-60	CN	21.09±11.47b	0.85±0.98d	110.65±52.17b	14.97±12.13c	16.41±4.41b	4.72±6.92d
	PCOF	38.01±15.78a	31.62±2.21b	61.94±14.44b	32.21±8.08b	20.76±3.49b	65.24±6.80a
	PCOF-1	38.73±6.36ab	35.99±1.03a	252.14±57.67a	51.87±8.91a	59.66±6.69a	101.95±6.06a
	PCOF-2	35.26±5.81a	22.03±0.99c	242.47±44.32a	29.03±2.27bc	23.85±5.28b	84.16±9.06b

有机肥与脱硫石膏对黄河三角洲盐碱地土壤团聚体及其有机碳组分的影响

Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Desulphurized Gypsum on Soil Aggregates and Organic Carbon and Its Fractions Contents in the Saline-alkali Soil of the Yellow River Delta

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