不同杉木林分类型植物多样性及其土壤碳氮关系的研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.003

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 451-459.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.003

不同杉木林分类型植物多样性及其土壤碳氮关系的研究

胡靓达(), 周海菊, 黄永珍, 姚贤宇, 叶绍明, 喻素芳^*()

广西大学林学院,广西南宁 530004

收稿日期:2021-09-07 出版日期:2022-03-18 发布日期:2022-05-25
通讯作者: *喻素芳,E-mail: yusufang@gxu.edu.cn
作者简介:胡靓达（1996 年生）,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为森林经理。E-mail: 1397442176@qq.com
基金资助:
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17204087-8)

A Study on Plant Species Diversity and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Different Cunninghamia lanceolata Stand Types

HU Jingda(), ZHOU Haiju, HUANG Yongzhen, YAO Xianyu, YE Shaoming, YU Sufang^*()

College of Forestry of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China

Received:2021-09-07 Online:2022-03-18 Published:2022-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨不同杉木混交林类型的林分植物多样性及土壤碳氮特征,为科学经营杉木人工林提供理论依据。以中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心的27年生的杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolate）×红锥（Castanopsis hystrix）混交林（MCC）、杉木×大叶栎（Quercus griffithii）混交林（MCQ）及杉木纯林（PCL）为试验对象,采用群落调查法分析3种林分乔木层、灌木层、草本层以及整个群落的植物多样性和土壤碳氮含量差异及其之间的相关性。结果表明,3种杉木林分类型中,整个群落植物多样性表现为MCQ>MCC>PCL,混交林乔木层植物多样性显著高于PCL（P<0.05）,灌木层和草本层无显著差异（P>0.05）。MCQ土壤有机碳含量显著高于PCL,但氮含量、碳氮比在3种林分中无显著差异。相关性分析结果显示,乔木层仅Shannon-Wiener指数与土壤有机碳含量呈显著正相关;土壤有机碳、全氮含量与碳氮比与灌木层植物多样性指数呈一定的相关性,与草本层无显著相关性;群落植物多样性指数与土壤有机碳、全氮含量及碳氮比无显著关系。杉木与红锥、大叶栎混交提高了植物多样性,且杉木与大叶栎混交显著提高了土壤有机碳含量,更有利于改善杉木人工林土壤质量。

关键词: 杉木, 物种组成, 植物多样性, 土壤有机碳, 土壤全氮

Abstract:

This study explored plant diversity and soil carbon and nitrogen characteristics among different Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed plantation types, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation. Three types of 27 years old plantations in Pingxiang region of Guangxi were selected as the experimental subjects, including pure stand of Cunninghamia lanceolate (PCL), Cunninghamia lanceolata and Castanopsis hystrix mixed stand (MCC), and Cunninghamia lanceolata and Quercus griffithii mixed stand (MCQ). The differences and correlations of plant species diversity in the tree, shrub, herb layers and whole community and the contents of soil carbon and nitrogen were compared among three types of stands. The results showed that the values of plant diversity in three stands were ranked as follows: MCQ>MCC>PCL; the plant species diversity in the tree layer in mixed plantations was significantly greater than that of the PCL, whereas no significant differences were found between the shrub and herb layers. The content of soil organic carbon was significantly higher in the MCQ than that of PCL, but nitrogen content and C:N ratio had no significant differences among the three plantation types. Results of correlation analyses only presented a significant positive correlation between the Shannon-Wiener index and soil organic carbon content in the tree layer; meanwhile, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen content, and C/N ratio had correlations with plant diversity in the shrub layer, but no significant correlations in the herb layer. There was no significant relationship between community plant diversity and soil indicators. The plant diversity and the soil organic carbon content were significantly increased by mixing Cunninghamia lanceolata with Cunninghamia lanceolata or Quercus macrophylla. Particularly, the mixture of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Quercus griffithii obviously increased the content of soil organic carbon, and thus is beneficial for improving the soil quality of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation.

Key words: Cunninghamia lanceolata, species composition, plant species diversity, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen

中图分类号:

S718.5
X173

胡靓达, 周海菊, 黄永珍, 姚贤宇, 叶绍明, 喻素芳. 不同杉木林分类型植物多样性及其土壤碳氮关系的研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(3): 451-459.

HU Jingda, ZHOU Haiju, HUANG Yongzhen, YAO Xianyu, YE Shaoming, YU Sufang. A Study on Plant Species Diversity and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Different Cunninghamia lanceolata Stand Types[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(3): 451-459.

图/表 5

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林分类型 Stand type	样地编号 Number	坡位 Slope position	坡度 Slope/ (°)	坡向 Aspect	胸径 Diameter at breast height/cm			树高 Tree height/m
林分类型 Stand type	样地编号 Number	坡位 Slope position	坡度 Slope/ (°)	坡向 Aspect	杉木 C. lanceolata	红锥 C. hystrix	大叶栎 Q. griffithii	杉木 C. lanceolata	红锥 C. hystrix	大叶栎 Q. griffithii
MCC	1	上	52	西偏南	23.94±5.70a	12.26±4.62a	—	19.86±1.02c	12.84±5.57a	—
	2	中	46	西偏南	23.31±3.70a	11.65±3.07a	—	21.71±0.90a	14.43±3.59a	—
	3	下	39	西偏南	25.11±4.36a	13.55±4.37a	—	21.06±1.06b	14.41±5.03a	—
MCQ	4	上	50	西偏南	21.83±5.12a	—	16.51±7.10a	19.42±4.65a	—	12.58±6.39b
	5	中	40	西偏南	16.55±10.34b	—	19.54±6.73a	14.33±7.10b	—	18.78±3.11a
	6	下	36	西偏南	25.54±3.54a	—	17.69±8.37a	21.44±1.08a	—	14.77±5.23b
PCL	7	上	53	西偏南	17.57±8.81a	—	—	16.13±7.07a	—	—
	8	中	45	西偏南	15.86±7.70a	—	—	15.63±6.58a	—	—
	9	下	38	西偏南	17.14±6.71a	—	—	17.01±5.85a	—	—

林分类型 Stand type	样地编号 Number	坡位 Slope position	坡度 Slope/ (°)	坡向 Aspect	胸径 Diameter at breast height/cm			树高 Tree height/m
林分类型 Stand type	样地编号 Number	坡位 Slope position	坡度 Slope/ (°)	坡向 Aspect	杉木 C. lanceolata	红锥 C. hystrix	大叶栎 Q. griffithii	杉木 C. lanceolata	红锥 C. hystrix	大叶栎 Q. griffithii
MCC	1	上	52	西偏南	23.94±5.70a	12.26±4.62a	—	19.86±1.02c	12.84±5.57a	—
	2	中	46	西偏南	23.31±3.70a	11.65±3.07a	—	21.71±0.90a	14.43±3.59a	—
	3	下	39	西偏南	25.11±4.36a	13.55±4.37a	—	21.06±1.06b	14.41±5.03a	—
MCQ	4	上	50	西偏南	21.83±5.12a	—	16.51±7.10a	19.42±4.65a	—	12.58±6.39b
	5	中	40	西偏南	16.55±10.34b	—	19.54±6.73a	14.33±7.10b	—	18.78±3.11a
	6	下	36	西偏南	25.54±3.54a	—	17.69±8.37a	21.44±1.08a	—	14.77±5.23b
PCL	7	上	53	西偏南	17.57±8.81a	—	—	16.13±7.07a	—	—
	8	中	45	西偏南	15.86±7.70a	—	—	15.63±6.58a	—	—
	9	下	38	西偏南	17.14±6.71a	—	—	17.01±5.85a	—	—

层次 Layer	PCL		MCC		MCQ
层次 Layer	植物名称 Plants	重要值 Important value/%	植物名称 Plants	重要值 Important value/%	植物名称 Plants	重要值 Important value/%
乔木层 Tree layer	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolate	60.49	杉木	42.81	杉木	36.72
	黄毛榕 Ficus esquiroliana	5.36	红锥 Castanopsis hystrix	21.21	大叶栎 Quercus griffithii	23.72
	毛黄肉楠 Actinodaphne pilosa	5.35	香梓楠 Michelia hedyosperma	14.97	格木 Erythrophleum fordii	7.44
	水东哥 Saurauia tristyla	4.06	中平树 Macaranga denticulata	7.12	三桠苦	6.08
	鹅掌柴 Schefflera octophylla	3.10	银合欢 Leucaena leucocephala	3.21	黄毛榕	5.03
	米老排 Mytilaria laosensis	2.77	潺槁木姜子 Litsea glutinosa	3.05	红锥	5.01
	三桠苦 Evodia lepta	2.64	水东哥	2.80	中平树	3.47
	大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum	2.35			华润楠 Machilus chinensis	2.84
	簕欓花椒 Zanthoxylum avicennae	2.07			水东哥	2.83
灌木层 Shurb layer	倒卵叶紫麻 Oreocnide obovata	15.62	三桠苦	17.1	大管	27.53
	水东哥	13.16	杜茎山	16.68	水东哥	9.44
	九节 Psychotria rubra	10.12	潺槁木姜子	8.66	三桠苦	7.00
	杜茎山 Maesa japonica	7.57	粗叶榕	6.76	大叶栎	6.31
	三桠苦	6.38	香梓楠	6.10	大青	6.22
	亮叶猴耳环 Archidendron lucidum	5.88	野牡丹 Melastoma candidum	5.23	格木	4.84
	绒毛山胡椒 Lindera nacusua	5.78	九节	4.56	中平树	4.65
	大管 Micromelum falcatum	5.42	红锥	3.61	粗叶榕	3.74
	粗叶榕 Ficus hirta	4.93	柏拉木	3.56	水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia	2.66
	大青	4.08	水同木 Ficus fistulosa	2.67	九节	2.64
	南方荚蒾 Viburnum fordiae	3.68	润楠 Machilus pingii	2.58	倒卵叶紫麻	2.54
	柏拉木 Blastuscochinchinensis	3.49	倒卵叶紫麻	2.54	斑鸠菊 Vernonia esculenta	2.29
	红紫珠 Callicarpa rubella	3.18	鹅掌柴	2.21	粗糠柴	2.16
	黄毛榕	3.14
	粗糠柴 Mallotus philippensis	2.34
草本层 Herbal layer	金毛狗 Cibotiumbarometz	31.61	金毛狗	22.89	乌毛蕨	39.85
	霹雳薹草 Carex perakensis	21.40	乌毛蕨	11.94	半边旗	28.00
	华南毛蕨 Cyclosorus parasiticus	10.53	团叶陵齿蕨	10.37	扇叶铁线蕨	14.08
	黄腺羽蕨 Pleocnemia winitii	9.83	三羽新月蕨	9.97	淡竹叶	4.82
	乌毛蕨 Blechnum orientale	7.11	淡竹叶	9.74	华南毛蕨	3.98
	团叶陵齿蕨 Lindasea orbiculata	6.56	半边旗 Pteris semipinnata	8.58	粽叶芦 Thysanolaena maxima	4.82
	三羽新月蕨 Pronephrium triphyllum	4.51	扇叶铁线蕨 Adiantum flabellulatum	7.35	芒萁 Dicranopteris dichotoma	4.45
	福建观音座莲 Angiopteris fokiensis	2.76	华南毛蕨	5.67
	淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile	2.54	边缘鳞盖蕨 Microlepia marginata	3.20
			霹雳薹草	3.20
			长柄山姜Alpinia kwangsiensis	2.62

层次 Layer	PCL		MCC		MCQ
层次 Layer	植物名称 Plants	重要值 Important value/%	植物名称 Plants	重要值 Important value/%	植物名称 Plants	重要值 Important value/%
乔木层 Tree layer	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolate	60.49	杉木	42.81	杉木	36.72
	黄毛榕 Ficus esquiroliana	5.36	红锥 Castanopsis hystrix	21.21	大叶栎 Quercus griffithii	23.72
	毛黄肉楠 Actinodaphne pilosa	5.35	香梓楠 Michelia hedyosperma	14.97	格木 Erythrophleum fordii	7.44
	水东哥 Saurauia tristyla	4.06	中平树 Macaranga denticulata	7.12	三桠苦	6.08
	鹅掌柴 Schefflera octophylla	3.10	银合欢 Leucaena leucocephala	3.21	黄毛榕	5.03
	米老排 Mytilaria laosensis	2.77	潺槁木姜子 Litsea glutinosa	3.05	红锥	5.01
	三桠苦 Evodia lepta	2.64	水东哥	2.80	中平树	3.47
	大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum	2.35			华润楠 Machilus chinensis	2.84
	簕欓花椒 Zanthoxylum avicennae	2.07			水东哥	2.83
灌木层 Shurb layer	倒卵叶紫麻 Oreocnide obovata	15.62	三桠苦	17.1	大管	27.53
	水东哥	13.16	杜茎山	16.68	水东哥	9.44
	九节 Psychotria rubra	10.12	潺槁木姜子	8.66	三桠苦	7.00
	杜茎山 Maesa japonica	7.57	粗叶榕	6.76	大叶栎	6.31
	三桠苦	6.38	香梓楠	6.10	大青	6.22
	亮叶猴耳环 Archidendron lucidum	5.88	野牡丹 Melastoma candidum	5.23	格木	4.84
	绒毛山胡椒 Lindera nacusua	5.78	九节	4.56	中平树	4.65
	大管 Micromelum falcatum	5.42	红锥	3.61	粗叶榕	3.74
	粗叶榕 Ficus hirta	4.93	柏拉木	3.56	水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia	2.66
	大青	4.08	水同木 Ficus fistulosa	2.67	九节	2.64
	南方荚蒾 Viburnum fordiae	3.68	润楠 Machilus pingii	2.58	倒卵叶紫麻	2.54
	柏拉木 Blastuscochinchinensis	3.49	倒卵叶紫麻	2.54	斑鸠菊 Vernonia esculenta	2.29
	红紫珠 Callicarpa rubella	3.18	鹅掌柴	2.21	粗糠柴	2.16
	黄毛榕	3.14
	粗糠柴 Mallotus philippensis	2.34
草本层 Herbal layer	金毛狗 Cibotiumbarometz	31.61	金毛狗	22.89	乌毛蕨	39.85
	霹雳薹草 Carex perakensis	21.40	乌毛蕨	11.94	半边旗	28.00
	华南毛蕨 Cyclosorus parasiticus	10.53	团叶陵齿蕨	10.37	扇叶铁线蕨	14.08
	黄腺羽蕨 Pleocnemia winitii	9.83	三羽新月蕨	9.97	淡竹叶	4.82
	乌毛蕨 Blechnum orientale	7.11	淡竹叶	9.74	华南毛蕨	3.98
	团叶陵齿蕨 Lindasea orbiculata	6.56	半边旗 Pteris semipinnata	8.58	粽叶芦 Thysanolaena maxima	4.82
	三羽新月蕨 Pronephrium triphyllum	4.51	扇叶铁线蕨 Adiantum flabellulatum	7.35	芒萁 Dicranopteris dichotoma	4.45
	福建观音座莲 Angiopteris fokiensis	2.76	华南毛蕨	5.67
	淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile	2.54	边缘鳞盖蕨 Microlepia marginata	3.20
			霹雳薹草	3.20
			长柄山姜Alpinia kwangsiensis	2.62

层次 Layer	植物多样性指数 Plant species diversity index	土壤有机碳 SOC	土壤全氮 TN	碳氮比 C/N
乔木 Tree	丰富度指数	0.46	0.51	-0.40
	香浓维纳指数	0.74^*	0.51	-0.21
	辛普森指数	0.53	0.31	-0.06
	Pielou均匀度指数	0.38	0.16	0.03
灌木 Shurb	丰富度指数	0.26	0.66	-0.75^*
	香浓维纳指数	0.63	0.89^**	-0.81^**
	辛普森指数	0.70^*	0.80^**	-0.66
	Pielou均匀度指数	0.41	-0.01	0.30
草本 Herbal	丰富度指数	-0.35	-0.03	-0.17
	香浓维纳指数	-0.24	0.09	-0.23
	辛普森指数	-0.10	0.16	-0.23
	Pielou均匀度指数	0.10	0.20	-0.16
群落 Community	丰富度指数	0.01	-0.28	0.41
	香浓维纳指数	-0.04	0.09	-0.12
	辛普森指数	0.09	0.16	-0.14
	Pielou均匀度指数	-0.05	0.19	-0.26

不同杉木林分类型植物多样性及其土壤碳氮关系的研究

A Study on Plant Species Diversity and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Different Cunninghamia lanceolata Stand Types

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