不同覆盖作物模式对茶园土壤理化性质及有机碳矿化的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.009

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1141-1150.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.009

不同覆盖作物模式对茶园土壤理化性质及有机碳矿化的影响

龚玲玄(), 王丽丽^*(), 赵建宁, 刘红梅, 杨殿林, 张贵龙

农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津 300191

收稿日期:2021-12-16 出版日期:2022-06-18 发布日期:2022-07-29
通讯作者: *E-mail: lili0229ok@126.com
作者简介:龚玲玄（1999年生）,女（壮族）,硕士研究生,主要从事碳氮循环研究。E-mail: gong_lingxuan@163.com
基金资助:
中国农科院科技创新工程协同创新任务(CAAS-XTCX2016015)

Effects of Different Cover Crop Patterns on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Organic Carbon Mineralization in Tea Gardens

GONG Lingxuan(), WANG Lili^*(), ZHAO Jianning, LIU Hongmei, YANG Dianlin, ZHANG Guilong

Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, P. R. China

Received:2021-12-16 Online:2022-06-18 Published:2022-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

覆盖作物作为重要的农业管理措施之一,可影响土壤有机碳的周转过程。茶是中国重要的经济作物,为探究不同覆盖作物模式下茶园土壤理化性质及土壤有机碳矿化动态,该研究自2019年选取茶园中清耕（C0）、黑麦草 (Lolium perenne L.)+白三叶 (Trifolium repens L.)（C1）、黑麦草+白三叶+早熟禾 (Poa annua L.)+红三叶 (Trifolium pretense L.)（C2）、黑麦草+白三叶+早熟禾+红三叶+紫羊茅 (Festuca rubra L.)+毛苕子 (Vicia villosa Roth.)+波斯菊 (Cosmos bipinnata Cav.)+百日草 (Zinnia elegans Jacq.)（C3）作为4种覆盖作物模式,测定其表层（0—30 cm）土壤理化性质并进行了为期471 d的矿化培养,使用一级动力学方程及指数加线性常数模型来探究土壤有机碳矿化特征。结果表明,覆盖作物能显著增加表层0—30 cm土壤中硝态氮、铵态氮、微生物量碳和微生物量氮的含量（P<0.05）。4种覆盖作物模式下,表层土壤有机碳矿化速率均随培养时间增加呈“先增后降”的变化模式,平均矿化速率为C1>C0>C2>C3。该研究发现覆盖作物种类越多,矿化速率变化越小,反应越“温和”。此外,随覆盖作物种类增加,表层土壤有机碳矿化作用增强,周转周期减小,但土壤惰性碳库含量随之增加,表明随覆盖作物多样性增加,土壤矿化作用增强,同时土壤碳的固存能力也在提高。该研究表明,在中国南方广泛种植的茶园中推广覆盖作物种植可增加表层土壤碳固持能力,对促进中国茶园土壤固碳功能具有重要意义。

关键词: 覆盖作物, 覆盖作物多样性, 土壤有机碳矿化, 茶园, 一级动力学方程

Abstract:

As one of the important agricultural management measures, cover crops can affect the turnover process of soil organic carbon. Tea is an important economic crop in China. This study explored the soil physicochemical properties and soil organic carbon mineralization dynamics under different cover crop patterns of tea gardens. Since 2019, this study has selected cleaning tillage (C0) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)+white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (C1), ryegrass+white clover+annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.)+red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) (C2), ryegrass+white clover+annual bluegrass+red clover+festuca rubra (Festuca rubra L.)+hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.)+cosmos (Cosmos bipinnata Cav.)+common zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.) (C3) as four types of covering. The soil physicochemical properties of the surface layer (0-30 cm) were measured and the mineralization culture was carried out for a period of 471 days. The first-order kinetic equation and the exponential plus a constant model were used to explore the characteristics of soil organic carbon mineralization. It was found that cover crops could significantly increase the contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in the topsoil 0-30 cm (P<0.05). Under the four cover crop patterns, soil mineralization rate first increased and then decreased with the increase of the cultivation time, and the average mineralization rates showed the following order: C1>C0>C2>C3. The more cover crop species, the smaller the change in mineralization rate and the milder the response were. In addition, with the increase of cover crop species, soil mineralization rate increased and the turnover period decreased, but the carbon resistant pool increased, indicating that with the cover crop diversity and soil mineralization increased, but soil carbon sequestration also improved. This study showed that the promotion of cover crops in widely planted tea gardens in southern China could increase the surface soil organic carbon sequestration capacity. This finding is of great significance for promoting the soil carbon sequestration in tea gardens of southern China.

Key words: cover crops, cover crop diversity, soil organic carbon mineralization, tea garden, first-order kinetic equation

中图分类号:

S153
X144

龚玲玄, 王丽丽, 赵建宁, 刘红梅, 杨殿林, 张贵龙. 不同覆盖作物模式对茶园土壤理化性质及有机碳矿化的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1141-1150.

GONG Lingxuan, WANG Lili, ZHAO Jianning, LIU Hongmei, YANG Dianlin, ZHANG Guilong. Effects of Different Cover Crop Patterns on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Organic Carbon Mineralization in Tea Gardens[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(6): 1141-1150.

图/表 13

参考文献 68

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覆盖作物模式 Cover crop modes patterns	含水率 Soil moisture/%	铵态氮 w_(NH4+-N)/(mg∙kg^-1)	硝态氮 w_(NO3--N)/(mg∙kg^-1)	微生物量碳 (MBC) w_(CO2-C)/(mg·kg^-1)	微生物量氮 (MBN) w_(CO2-C)/(mg∙kg^-1)
C0	12.76±0.20a	5.47±0.03c	15.38±0.33b	101.40±4.52c	18.08±0.51b
C1	12.34±0.36ab	5.56±0.04c	14.36±0.14c	119.52±1.51b	21.32±0.10a
C2	11.45±0.35bc	6.33±0.02a	17.58±0.39a	140.63±2.47a	20.42±0.84a
C3	11.07±0.41c	5.94±0.15b	15.63±0.29b	106.73±2.09c	16.73±0.58b

覆盖作物模式 Cover crop modes patterns	含水率 Soil moisture/%	铵态氮 w_(NH4+-N)/(mg∙kg^-1)	硝态氮 w_(NO3--N)/(mg∙kg^-1)	微生物量碳 (MBC) w_(CO2-C)/(mg·kg^-1)	微生物量氮 (MBN) w_(CO2-C)/(mg∙kg^-1)
C0	12.76±0.20a	5.47±0.03c	15.38±0.33b	101.40±4.52c	18.08±0.51b
C1	12.34±0.36ab	5.56±0.04c	14.36±0.14c	119.52±1.51b	21.32±0.10a
C2	11.45±0.35bc	6.33±0.02a	17.58±0.39a	140.63±2.47a	20.42±0.84a
C3	11.07±0.41c	5.94±0.15b	15.63±0.29b	106.73±2.09c	16.73±0.58b

覆盖作物模式 Cover crop modes patterns	线段A斜率 (×10^-3)	线段B (×10^-3)
C0	3.4	-0.61
C1	2.80	-0.65
C2	1.00	-0.44
C3	0.95	-0.31

覆盖作物模式 Cover crop modes patterns	线段A斜率 (×10^-3)	线段B (×10^-3)
C0	3.4	-0.61
C1	2.80	-0.65
C2	1.00	-0.44
C3	0.95	-0.31

覆盖作物模式 Cover crop models	潜在矿化势C_P/(mg∙kg^-1)	矿化常数(10^-3/d)	(C_P/k)×10³	r²
C0	2270.07±116.48	3.32±0.27	683.76	0.99
C1	2290.19±112.07	3.35±0.26	683.64	0.99
C2	2467.60±151.87	2.45±0.21	1007.18	0.99
C3	2666.15±238.28	1.88±0.22	1418.16	0.99

不同覆盖作物模式对茶园土壤理化性质及有机碳矿化的影响

Effects of Different Cover Crop Patterns on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Organic Carbon Mineralization in Tea Gardens

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覆盖模式 Cover model	覆盖作物模式 Cover crops patterns
C0	清耕
C1	黑麦草 (Lolium perenne L.); 白三叶 (Trifolium repens L.)
C2	黑麦草; 白三叶; 早熟禾 (Poa annua L.); 红三叶 (Trifolium pretense L.)
C3	黑麦草; 白三叶; 早熟禾; 红三叶; 紫羊茅 (Festuca rubra L.); 毛苕子 (Vicia villosa Roth.); 波斯菊 (Cosmos bipinnata Cav.); 百日草 (Zinnia elegans Jacq.)

覆盖作物模式 Cover crop models	C_L/ (mg∙kg^-1)	C_R/ (mg∙kg^-1)	k_R (10^-3/d)	r²
C0	-15.956±18.961	2229.288±115.244	3.500±0.343	0.992
C1	-21.347±18.361	2239.969±106.265	3.590±0.328	0.993
C2	-11.054±14.302	2407.283±156.955	2.580±0.274	0.994
C3	-15.102±13.526	2525.511±229.135	2.070±0.279	0.994

项目 Items	C_P	k	C_P/k	C_L	k_R	C_R	土壤含水率 Soil moisture	微生物量碳 MBC	微生物量氮 MBN	铵态氮 NH⁴⁺-N
k	-0.990**
C_P/k	0.998**	-0.985*
C_L	0.487	-0.600	0.478
k_R	-0.982*	0.998**	-0.976*	-0.643
C_R	0.994**	-0.999**	0.987*	0.566	-0.995**
土壤含水率 Soil moisture	-0.954*	0.964*	-0.933	-0.534	0.960*	-0.972*
微生物量碳 MBC	0.063	-0.148	0.001	0.422	-0.173	0.155	-0.353
微生物量氮 MBN	-0.562	0.535	-0.614	-0.282	0.529	-0.513	0.298	0.698
铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	0.639	-0.723	0.598	0.800	-0.748	0.717	-0.806	0.762	0.073
硝态氮 NO₃^--N	0.395	-0.517	0.368	0.958*	-0.561	0.490	-0.525	0.664	-0.001	0.889

试验地点 Test Location	土壤类型 Soil type	土层深度 Soil depth/ cm	覆盖作物 Cover crops	试验持续时间（年） Test duration (year)	土壤有机质增加 Soil organic matter increase	参考文献 References
美国伊利诺伊州 Illinois, USA	粉质粘壤土 Drummer silty clay loam	0-50	白萝卜 (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus); 白萝卜+荞麦 (Fagopyrum esculentum L. Moench); 白萝卜+长柔毛野豌豆 (Vicia villosa Roth); 白萝卜+黑麦 (Secale cereale L.); 白萝卜+黑小麦 (Triticosecale)	2	NS	Acuña et al., 2014
巴西 Santo Antônio de Goiás Santo Antônio de Goiás. Brazil	高岭土 Kaolinitic, thermic Typic Haplorthox	0-20	大黍 (Panicum maximum); 刚果草(Brachiaria ruziziensis); 面包草 (Brachiaria brizantha); 御谷 (Pennisetum glaucum)	3	NS	Nascente et al., 2013
美国佛罗里达州 Florida, USA	壤土 Loam soil (loamy-skeletal, carbonatic, hyperthermic Lithic Udorthents)	0-10	菽麻 (Crotalaria juncea L.); 狗爪豆 (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis); 豇豆 (Vigna unguiculata L.); 高粱苏丹草 (Sorghum bicolor×S. bicolor var. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.)	2	NS	Wang et al., 2009
美国东兰辛 East Lansing, USA	壤土 Loams	0-25	黑麦 (Secale cereale L.)	3	NS	Fronning et al., 2008
美国田纳西州 Tennessee, USA	砂壤土 Cumberland silt loam	0-18	冬小麦 (Triticum aestivum)	2	26%	Haruna, 2019
美国俄亥俄州 Ohio, USA	砂壤土 Predominately (73%) Crosby silt loam	0-15	燕麦 (Avena sativa L.)+ 冬黑麦 (Secale cereale L.); 多花黑麦草 (Lolium multiflorum L.)	2	23% (POC)	Faé et al., 2009
加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省 British Columbia, Canada	粉质粘壤土 Westham silt clay loam	0-20	春大麦 (Hordeum vulgare L.); 秋黑麦(Secale cereale L.); 多花黑麦草 (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)	1	2.4 g∙kg^-1 (P<0.05)	Liu et al., 2005
美国赫斯顿 Hesston, USA	粉质壤土 Geary silt loam	0-7.5	菽麻 (Crotalaria juncea L.)	15	30%	Blanco-Canqu et al., 2011
美国赫斯顿 Hesston, USA	粉质壤土 Geary silt loam	0-7.5	大豆 (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)	15	20%	Blanco-Canqu et al., 2011
挪威 Norway	粘壤土 Clay loam soil	0-20	意大利黑麦草 (Lolium multiflorum Lam. Var. Italicum); 白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)	13	NS	Yang et al., 2004

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