3种林下植被类型对杉木人工林土壤有机碳及其组分特征的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.12.002

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 2283-2291.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.12.002

3种林下植被类型对杉木人工林土壤有机碳及其组分特征的影响

宋瑞朋¹(), 杨起帆¹, 郑智恒¹, 习丹¹^,²^,^*

1.福建农林大学林学院，福建福州 350002
2.江西省、中国科学院庐山植物园，江西九江 332900

收稿日期:2022-09-06 出版日期:2022-12-18 发布日期:2023-02-15
通讯作者: *
作者简介:宋瑞朋（1996年生），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为森林土壤有机碳组分。E-mail: songruipeng8@163.com
基金资助:
福建农林大学林学院林学高峰学科建设项目(71201800724);国家自然科学基金项目(41703068)

Effects of Three Understory Vegetation Types on Soil Organic Carbon and Its Components in Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantation

SONG Ruipeng¹(), YANG Qifan¹, ZHENG Zhiheng¹, XI Dan¹^,²^,^*

1. Collage of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
2. Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang 332900, P. R. China

Received:2022-09-06 Online:2022-12-18 Published:2023-02-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

林下植被作为影响森林土壤有机碳储量的重要因子之一，探讨其类型对土壤有机碳组分的影响，以期为人工林林下植被管理及可持续经营提供理论依据。以杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）人工林3种林下优势植被——箬竹（Indocalamus tessellatus）、双盖蕨（Diplazium donianum）和紫麻（Oreocnide frutescens）为对象，测定不同土层（0—10、10—20、20—40、40—60、60—80 cm）土壤总有机碳、惰性有机碳、易氧化有机碳、微生物生物量碳和可溶性有机碳的质量分数特征，分析各有机碳组分在林下植被、土层间的差异性。结果表明，（1）3种林下植被土壤总有机碳、惰性有机碳和微生物生物量碳的质量分数沿剖面均呈显著下降趋势，易氧化有机碳在0—10 cm土层均值最高，可溶性有机碳表现出先增后降的分布特征。（2）总有机碳在40—60 cm土层表现为箬竹（8.94 g?kg^?1）显著高于双盖蕨（7.00 g?kg^?1）；0—10、10—20 cm土层惰性有机碳质量分数最高的分别是紫麻（18.66 g?kg^?1）和双盖蕨（11.38 g?kg^?1）；箬竹表层土壤微生物生物量碳占比最高（2.35%）。（3）相关性分析表明，土壤有机碳组分均与全氮、C/N值、可溶性总氮以及微生物生物量氮呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）；各有机碳组分两两之间均呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）。（4）RDA分析表明，10—20、20—40 cm土层对各有机碳组分影响最显著的环境因子是微生物生物量氮（E=47.9%、53.1%），而在40—60 cm土层中影响最显著的是全氮（E=43.6%）。林下植被类型主要显著影响表层土壤有机碳组分，惰性有机碳在林下植被类型间的差异更显著。紫麻和双盖蕨能促进表层土壤稳定性碳的积累，而箬竹覆盖下的表层土壤有机碳组分具有较快的分解转化速率。

关键词: 杉木人工林, 林下植被, 活性有机碳, 惰性有机碳, 土壤剖面

Abstract:

As one of the important factors affecting forest soil organic carbon stocks, the effects of understory vegetation types on soil organic carbon and its components were explored to provide a theoretical basis for understory vegetation management and sustainable management in plantation forests. In order to determine the characteristics of soil organic carbon and its components under different understory vegetation types in Subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation, Indocalamus tessellatus (It), Diplazium donianum (Dd) and Oreocnide frutescenssp (Of) were taken as research objects. The mass fractions of total organic carbon (TOC), recalcitrant organic carbon (ROC), readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in each soil layer at 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-80 cm were measured, and the change characteristics of soil organic carbon components were also studied. The results showed that (1) soil TOC, ROC, and MBC mass fractions of all three understory vegetation types showed significant decreasing trends with deepening of the soil layer. The mass fraction of easily oxidized organic carbon was highest in the 0?10 cm soil layer. The mass fraction of DOC showed an increasing and then decreasing distribution trend in the whole soil profile. (2) The mass fraction of total soil organic carbon was significantly higher in the 40-60 cm soil layer for It (8.94 g?kg^?1) than that for Dd (7.00 g?kg^?1). The highest mass fractions of ROC in 0-10 cm soil layer and 10-20 cm soil layers were for Of (18.66 g?kg^?1) and Dd (11.38 g?kg^?1), respectively. The highest percentage of microbial biomass carbon in the subsurface soil of It community was 2.35%. (3) Pearson analysis showed that both soil active and recalcitrant organic carbons were positively correlated with TN, C/N ratio, DTN, and MBN (P<0.01). There were strong correlations between soil organic carbon components, and they all showed significant positive correlations with TOC (P<0.01). (4) RDA analysis showed that soil MBN (E=47.9%, 53.1%) explained each organic carbon component at significant levels in the two soil layers of 10?20 and 20-40 cm, and the environmental factors with the highest explanation in the 40?60 cm soil layer were TN (E=43.6%). The understory vegetation type mainly significantly affected the surface soil organic carbon components, and ROC differed more significantly among understory vegetation types. Of and Dd were more capable of promoting the accumulation of stable carbon in the surface soil, while the surface soil organic carbon fraction under It cover had a faster decomposition conversion rate.

Key words: Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation, understory vegetation, active organic carbon, recalcitrant organic carbon, soil profile

中图分类号:

S718.5
X173

宋瑞朋, 杨起帆, 郑智恒, 习丹. 3种林下植被类型对杉木人工林土壤有机碳及其组分特征的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(12): 2283-2291.

SONG Ruipeng, YANG Qifan, ZHENG Zhiheng, XI Dan. Effects of Three Understory Vegetation Types on Soil Organic Carbon and Its Components in Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantation[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(12): 2283-2291.

图/表 7

图1 3种林下优势种植被群落

Figure 1 Three understory dominant planting communities

表1 样地信息表

Table 1 Information sheet of sample site

林下植被Understory vegetation	高度 Height/ cm	地径 Ground diameter/ cm	坡向 Slope aspect	坡位 Slope position	温度 Temperature/℃	海拔Altitude/m	多度Abundance/%	其他林下植被 Other undergrowth vegetation
It	44.2±1.4	0.53±0.1	西南	下坡	18.96	110±3	90.3±0.7%	闽楠（Phoebe bournei）、淡竹叶（Lophatherum gracile）和双盖蕨等
Dd	108.3±13.0	5.80±1.1	西南	中坡	19.05	125±3	83.1±2.5%	枇杷叶紫珠（Callicarpa kochiana）、闽楠、箬竹、紫麻、铁芒萁（Dicranopteris linearis）等
Of	130.8±4.6	1.7±0.68	西南	上坡	18.91	130±3	79.0±5.7%	闽楠、箬竹、双盖蕨、网脉酸藤子（Embelia rudis Hand.-Mazz）、枇杷叶紫珠、铁芒萁、地菍（Melastoma dodecandrum）等

图2 不同林下植被土壤总有机碳质量分数和有机碳密度不同大写字母表示土层间差异显著，不同小写字母表示林下植被类型间差异显著（P<0.05），下同

Figure 2 Soil total organic carbon content and density of soil organic carbon in different understory vegetation Different capital letters indicate significant differences between soil layers, and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between understory vegetation types at 0.05 level. The same below

图3 不同林下植被土壤各活性有机碳组分的质量分数

Figure 3 Mass fraction of soil active organic carbon components in different understory vegetation

图4 不同林下植被土壤惰性有机碳质量分数及其占总有机碳比例

Figure 4 Mass fraction and proportion of soil inert organic carbon in total organic carbon of different understory vegetation

图5 不同林下植被类型土壤有机碳及其组分与理化因子的冗余分析

Figure 5 Redundancy analysis of soil organic carbon and its components with physicochemical factors in different forest understory vegetation types

表2 土壤有机碳组分与理化因子的相关系数

Table 2 Correlation coefficientsbetween soil carbon components with soil physical and chemical factors

Index	pH	SWC	TN	C/N	NO₃⁻-N	DTN	MBN	TOC	ROC	ROOC	DOC	MBC	Index
TOC	0.491^**	0.372^**	0.985^**	0.877^**	0.506^**	0.766^**	0.905^**						TOC
ROC	0.548^**	0.390^**	0.931^**	0.854^**	0.502^**	0.699^**	0.911^**	0.959^**					ROC
ROOC	0.464^**	0.363^**	0.695^**	0.657^**	0.440^**	0.640^**	0.757^**	0.737^**	0.766^**				ROOC
DOC	0.079	0.111	0.599^**	0.597^**	0.137	0.760^**	0.582^**	0.594^**	0.464^**	0.348^**			DOC
MBC	0.459^**	0.202	0.874^**	0.772^**	0.379^**	0.645^**	0.946^**	0.878^**	0.863^**	0.672^**	0.562^**		MBC
AOC	0.471^**	0.359^**	0.729^**	0.686^**	0.444^**	0.665^**	0.792^**	0.768^**	0.791^**	0.998^**	0.388^**	0.714^**	AOC

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3种林下植被类型对杉木人工林土壤有机碳及其组分特征的影响

Effects of Three Understory Vegetation Types on Soil Organic Carbon and Its Components in Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantation

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