闽江下游湿地土壤硅的沿程分布特征及影响因素

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.08.003

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 1182-1191.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.08.003

闽江下游湿地土壤硅的沿程分布特征及影响因素

王文静¹^,²^,³(), 翟水晶¹^,^*(), 王赛¹^,²^,³

1.福建师范大学地理科学学院，福建福州 350007
2.福建师范大学地理研究所，福建福州 350007
3.福建师范大学/湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室，福建福州 350007

收稿日期:2024-04-22 出版日期:2024-08-18 发布日期:2024-09-25
通讯作者: *翟水晶。E-mail: zhaisj@fjnu.edu.cn
作者简介:王文静（1999年生），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为湿地生态系统硅的循环。E-mail: wwj17662426185@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41401114)

Distribution Characteristics of Silicon and Its Influencing Factors in the Wetland Soils along the Minjiang River Downstream

WANG Wenjing¹^,²^,³(), ZHAI Shuijing¹^,^*(), WANG Sai¹^,²^,³

1. College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
2. Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
3. Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education/Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China

Received:2024-04-22 Online:2024-08-18 Published:2024-09-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湿地土壤是硅的重要储库，在控制其生物地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用。于2019年10月采集闽江下游沿岸湿地0-60 cm柱状土壤分析全硅、有效硅和生物硅的沿程分布特征。结果表明：闽江下游沿岸湿地土壤中全硅含量介于128-247 mg·g⁻¹之间，生物硅含量介于30.8-40.5 mg·g⁻¹之间，在由陆及海方向上均呈现先降后升的趋势；有效硅含量介于104-541 μg·g⁻¹之间，在由陆及海方向上呈现“W”型波动上升趋势。在剖面上，土壤有效硅含量随土层深度增加呈现降低趋势且变化显著（p<0.001），而土壤全硅和生物硅含量随深度无明显变化。土壤理化性质、植被是影响闽江下游湿地土壤硅分布的主要因素，相关分析表明，土壤全硅含量与pH（p<0.010）、砂粒（p<0.050）呈正相关关系，与粉粒（p<0.050）、含水率（p<0.010）呈负相关关系。土壤有效硅含量与黏粒（p<0.010）、EC（p<0.010）、粉粒（p<0.010）呈正相关关系，与砂粒呈极显著负相关关系（p<0.010）。土壤生物硅含量与黏粒（p<0.050）、粉粒（p<0.050）呈正相关关系，与砂粒（p<0.050）呈负相关关系。此外，植被类型和生物量对闽江下游湿地土壤各形态硅的沿程分布也有一定的影响。该研究揭示了闽江下游湿地土壤硅的空间分布及影响因素，研究结果可为认识硅在湿地生态系统中的生物地球化学循环过程及机制提供重要的理论基础。

关键词: 全硅, 生物硅, 有效硅, 闽江下游, 湿地, 土壤, 分布特征

Abstract:

Wetland soils are important reservoirs of silicon (Si) and play an important role in biogeochemical cycling. The 0-60 cm column soils of the wetlands along the downstream Minjiang River were collected in October 2019 to analyze the along-range distribution characteristics of total silicon (TSi), available silicon (ASi) and biogenic silicon (BSi). The results showed that the content of TSi in the soils ranged 128-247 mg·g⁻¹ and the content of BSi ranged 30.8-40.5 mg·g⁻¹, which both took a decreasing and then increasing trend from land to sea along the lower Minjiang River. The ASi content ranged from 104 to 541 μg·g⁻¹, showing a “W” shaped fluctuating upward trend from land to sea. In the profile, the ASi content of the soils at each sampling point showed a significantly decreasing trend with increasing soil depth (p<0.001), whereas the TSi and BSi contents did not significantly change with depth. The physical and chemical properties of soil and vegetation are the main factors affecting the distribution of soil Si in wetlands along the downstream Minjiang River. The TSi content was positively correlated with pH (p<0.010) and sand grains (p<0.050) and negatively correlated with powder (p<0.050) and moisture content (p<0.010). Asi content was positively correlated with clay (p<0.050), EC (p<0.010) and powder (p<0.010), and highly significant negatively correlated with sand grains (p<0.010). The BSi content was positively correlated with clay (p<0.050) and powder (p<0.050), and negatively correlated with sand grains (p<0.050). In addition, the type and biomass of vegetation also affects the spatial distribution of Si in wetland soils downstream of the Minjiang River. This study revealed the spatial distribution and influencing factors of soil silicon in wetlands along the lower Minjiang River. The results of this study provide an important theoretical basis for understanding biogeochemical cycle processes and mechanisms of Si in wetland ecosystems.

Key words: total silicon, biogenic silicon, Available silicon, the Minjiang River downstream, wetland, soil, distribution characteristics

中图分类号:

王文静, 翟水晶, 王赛. 闽江下游湿地土壤硅的沿程分布特征及影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(8): 1182-1191.

WANG Wenjing, ZHAI Shuijing, WANG Sai. Distribution Characteristics of Silicon and Its Influencing Factors in the Wetland Soils along the Minjiang River Downstream[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(8): 1182-1191.

图/表 7

图1 研究区域与采样点示意图

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of study area and the sampling sites

表1 闽江下游各样点的土壤理化特征

Table 1 Soil physical and chemical properties in the wetland of the Minjiang River downstream

样点	pH	含水率/%	黏粒质量分数/%	粉粒质量分数/%	砂粒质量分数/%	EC/(mS·cm⁻¹)
S1	6.91±0.34ab	29.7±7.04c	9.69±1.36b	17.5±3.60a	72.8±4.65d	0.07±0.02c
S2	5.71±0.11d	50.1±2.01a	8.32±0.81b	32.1±4.81c	59.5±5.33d	0.06±0.02c
S3	6.42±0.06c	45.3±2.12ab	9.08±1.41b	45.1±4.49b	45.9±5.79c	0.17 ±0.01c
S4	5.97±0.07d	43.4±1.04b	14.7±1.18a	60.2±3.01a	25.1±4.05b	1.63±0.29b
S5	7.18±0.26a	42.2±1.08b	5.14±2.99c	17.3±9.71c	77.5±12.7a	3.95±1.27a
S6	6.69±0.23bc	43.7±0.10ab	13.1±1.73a	64.2±2.73a	22.8±3.38a	4.36±0.64a

图2 闽江下游湿地土壤全硅质量分数变化特征样本重复数n=3；误差棒代表SE；不同大写字母表示同一样点不同深度之间存在差异显著，p<0.001；不同小写字母表示同一土层不同样点之间存在差异显著，p<0.001。下同

Figure 2 Variation characteristics of TSi mass fraction in the wetland of the Minjiang River downstream

图3 闽江下游湿地土壤有效硅质量分数变化特征

Figure 3 Variation characteristics of ASi mass fraction in the wetland of the Minjiang River downstream

图4 闽江下游湿地土壤生物硅质量分数变化特征样本重复数n=3；误差棒代表SE；不同大写字母表示同一样点不同深度之间差异显著，p<0.001；不同小写字母表示同一土层不同样点之间存在差异显著，p<0.001

Figure 4 Characteristics of BSi mass fraction variation in the wetland of the Minjiang River downstream

表2 闽江下游湿地土壤不同硅含量与环境因子之间的相关关系

Table 2 Correlation between different silicon content and environmental factors in soil in the wetland of the Minjiang River downstream

指标	pH	EC	含水率	黏粒	粉粒	砂粒	植物生物硅	地下生物量	地上生物量
全硅	0.32^{** 1)}	−0.08	−0.26^**	−0.19	−0.31^{* 2)}	0.30^*	0.01	−0.03	−0.28
有效硅	0.11	0.51^**	0.18	0.39^**	0.63^**	−0.61^**	−0.22	0.59^**	0.47^*
生物硅	0.08	0.18	−0.01	0.26^*	0.24^*	−0.25^*	0.46	−0.22	0.29

表3 闽江下游湿地土壤硅的特征值及主成分矩阵

Table 3 Characteristic values and principal component matrix of soil silicon in the wetland of the Minjiang River downstream

成分	初始特征值			环境因子	主成分
成分	特征值	贡献率/ %	累积贡献率/ %	环境因子	Z1	Z2	Z3
1	3.25	54.2	54.2	pH	−0.61	0.73	−0.04
2	1.44	24.0	78.2	EC	0.18	0.87	0.39
3	1.02	16.9	95.1	含水率	0.47	−0.29	0.82
4	0.20	3.27	98.3	黏粒	0.86	0.15	−0.43
5	0.10	1.67	100.0	粉粒	0.97	0.15	−0.02
6	0.00	0.00	100.0	砂粒	−0.98	−0.16	0.09

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闽江下游湿地土壤硅的沿程分布特征及影响因素

Distribution Characteristics of Silicon and Its Influencing Factors in the Wetland Soils along the Minjiang River Downstream

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