金属氧化物与非金属氧化物纳米颗粒暴露下人工湿地微生物群落的响应差异

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.07.010

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 1089-1095.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.07.010

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

金属氧化物与非金属氧化物纳米颗粒暴露下人工湿地微生物群落的响应差异

李璇¹^,²^,³(), 王路茗², 闫春妮⁴, 黄娟²^,^*()

1.江苏省环境工程技术有限公司，江苏南京 210019
2.东南大学土木工程学院，江苏南京 210096
3.江苏省环保集团有限公司，江苏南京 210036
4.西安工程大学城市规划与市政工程学院，陕西西安 710048

收稿日期:2024-04-08 出版日期:2024-07-18 发布日期:2024-09-04
通讯作者: *黄娟。E-mail: 101010942@seu.edu.cn
作者简介:李璇（1982年生），女，高级工程师，硕士，研究方向为水处理理论与技术。E-mail: liseu@qq.com
基金资助:
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20221564);江苏省环保集团科技项目计划(JSEP-TZ-2022-2001-RE)

Differences in Responses of Microbial Communities in Constructed Wetlands Exposed to Metal Oxide and Non-mental Oxide Nanoparticles

LI Xuan¹^,²^,³(), WANG Luming², YAN Chunni⁴, HUANG Juan²^,^*()

1. Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210019, P. R. China
2. School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
3. Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, P. R. China
4. School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, P. R. China

Received:2024-04-08 Online:2024-07-18 Published:2024-09-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纳米产品大量应用导致纳米颗粒在不同环境中广泛分布，并引起潜在的生态风险。而人工湿地是由植物-基质-微生物组成的污水生态处理系统，不可避免地成为纳米颗粒这一新型污染物的“汇”。为了对比金属氧化物纳米颗粒与非金属氧化物纳米颗粒在人工湿地中对微生物群落的生态效应差异，选取氧化石墨烯（GO）和纳米氧化铜（CuO NPs）为研究对象，构建3组黄菖蒲垂直流人工湿地生态处理系统，分别设为对照组（不投加纳米颗粒）、GO 暴露组、CuO NPs暴露组，考察GO和CuO NPs暴露下人工湿地生态系统微生物群落的动态响应。通过16S rDNA测序结果表明，GO和CuO NPs暴露下人工湿地微生物群落丰富度和多样性均有所提升，但CuO NPs暴露抑制了微生物群落进化多样性。作为优势菌门，放线菌（Actinobacteria）在受到污染物暴露后丰度降低，而变形菌门（Proteobacteria）表现出较好的适应能力。微生物群落结构针对不同纳米颗粒的暴露响应机制不同，如放线菌纲（Actinobacteria）和γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）丰度均受到污染物抑制，而优势属Mycobacterium对GO暴露具有较强的耐受性，但对CuO NPs暴露具有较低的耐受性。根据KEGG数据库分类同样发现，污染物暴露后的人工湿地部分代谢途径减弱，其中碳水化合物代谢（Carbohydrate metabolism）和氨基酸代谢（Amino acid metabolism）在CuO NPs暴露处理组中表现出更低的丰度。以上结果说明CuO NPs对于人工湿地的生态毒性可能会更强，这为纳米材料影响人工湿地生态功能提供了新的视角。

关键词: 人工湿地, 氧化石墨烯, 纳米氧化铜, 微生物群落, 功能预测, 防御机制

Abstract:

The extensive application of nano-products leads to the wide distribution of nano-particles in different environments, which causes potential ecological risks. Constructed wetland is a sewage ecological treatment system composed of plants, substrates and microorganisms, which inevitably becomes the “sink” of nanoparticles. To compare the ecological effects difference of metal oxide nanoparticles and non-metal oxide nanoparticles on microbial communities in constructed wetlands. The study selected graphene oxide (GO) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) as the objects of the study, and constructed three groups of Iris pseudacorus-constructed wetland ecological treatment systems with vertical flow, including the control group (without nanoparticles), the GO-exposed group and the CuO NPs exposed group. The dynamic response of microbial communities in constructed wetland ecosystems exposed to GO and CuO NPs was investigated. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that the richness and diversity of the microbial community increased under GO and CuO NPs exposure, while the exposure of CuO NPs suppressed the evolutionary diversity of the microbial community. As the dominant phylum, the abundance of Actinobacteria decreased when exposed exposure to pollutants, while the phylum of Proteobacteria showed better adaptability. The microbial community structure responded to different nanoparticle exposures by different mechanisms, e.g., the class of Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria was suppressed by the pollutants in the abundance, while the dominant genus of Mycobacterium was more tolerant to GO exposures and less tolerant to CuO NPs exposures. According to the classification of the KEGG database, Some metabolic pathways of constructed wetlands are weakened after pollutant exposure. It was also found that Carbohydrate metabolism and Amino acid metabolism showed lower abundance in the CuO NPs exposure treatment group. The above results suggest that CuO NPs may be more ecotoxic to constructed wetlands, and the study also provides a new perspective for nanomaterials to affect the ecological functions of constructed wetlands.

Key words: constructed wetland, GO, CuO NPs, microbial community, functional prediction, defense mechanism

中图分类号:

X171.5

李璇, 王路茗, 闫春妮, 黄娟. 金属氧化物与非金属氧化物纳米颗粒暴露下人工湿地微生物群落的响应差异[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(7): 1089-1095.

LI Xuan, WANG Luming, YAN Chunni, HUANG Juan. Differences in Responses of Microbial Communities in Constructed Wetlands Exposed to Metal Oxide and Non-mental Oxide Nanoparticles[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(7): 1089-1095.

图/表 8

图1 SEM图

Figure 1 SEM diagram

图2 GO和CuO NPs表征

Figure 2 Characterization of GO and Cuo NPs

表1 微生物群落多样性变化

Table 1 Changes of microbial community diversity

处理组名称	Chao1指数	Shannon指数	Faith-pd指数
GO-CW组	120.25	115.22	117.98
CuO NPs-CW组	107.45	100.82	78.62

图3 门水平微生物群落优势菌的结构组成

Figure 3 Structure and composition of dominant bacteria in phylum level of microbial community

图4 纲水平的微生物群落的组成变化

Figure 4 Composition changes of microbial communities in class level

图5 属水平的微生物群落的组成变化

Figure 5 Composition changes of microbial communities in genus level

图6 相比于对照组的微生物群落KEGG

Figure 6 Microbial community KEGG compared with the control group

图7 微生物群落与解毒过程相关的通路丰度变化图中丰度为处理组与空白组的比值 [(处理组/空白组)×100%]

Figure 7 Changes in the abundance of pathways related to the detoxification process in the microbial community

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金属氧化物与非金属氧化物纳米颗粒暴露下人工湿地微生物群落的响应差异

Differences in Responses of Microbial Communities in Constructed Wetlands Exposed to Metal Oxide and Non-mental Oxide Nanoparticles

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