古龙酸母液混制肥和草席覆盖措施对新疆旱区牧草生长和土壤养分含量的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.04.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 548-559.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.04.006

古龙酸母液混制肥和草席覆盖措施对新疆旱区牧草生长和土壤养分含量的影响

李多美¹(), 孔涛¹^,^*, 陈曦¹, 高明夫², 高熙梣¹, 曾泽宇¹, 保佳慧³

1.辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院，辽宁阜新 123000
2.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，辽宁沈阳 110016
3.云南地质工程第二勘察院有限公司，云南昆明 650000

收稿日期:2023-11-28 出版日期:2024-04-18 发布日期:2024-05-31
通讯作者: *孔涛。
作者简介:李多美（1996年生），女，硕士研究生，生态修复理论与技术研究。E-mail: duomeili1996@hotmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41888101);国家自然科学基金项目(41672247);辽宁省高等学校基本科研项目(LJKMZ20220680);辽宁工程技术大学学科创新团队资助项目(LNTU20TD-21)

Effects of Residue after Evaporation Mixed Fertilizer and Grass Mat Mulching Measures on the Growth and Soil Nutrient Content of Pasture Grasses in the Dry Zone of Xinjiang

LI Duomei¹(), KONG Tao¹^,^*, CHEN Xi¹, GAO Mingfu², GAO Xichen¹, ZENG Zeyu¹, BAO Jiahui³

1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, P. R. China
2. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
3. Yunnan Second Institute of Geological Engineering, Kunming 650000, P. R. China

Received:2023-11-28 Online:2024-04-18 Published:2024-05-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

古龙酸母液（RAE）是工业上通过二步发酵法生产维生素C过程中产生的废液，胶质芽胞杆菌（Bacillus mucilaginosus）是解钾细菌，二者在改善土壤质量、提升土壤肥力和促进植物生长方面具有重要意义。使用RAE与胶质芽胞杆菌的混合液作为古龙酸母液混制肥（RB），设RB施加量为0%（CK）、0.5%、1.0%的3个处理，并设置草席覆盖和未覆盖处理，开展田间小区试验，对紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）和披碱草（Elymus dahuricus）的生长、生理指标、土壤养分指标及相关关系进行分析。结果表明，相同覆盖处理下，RB总体上显著提高了牧草的生长和生理指标，表现为1.0%>0.5%>CK，在1.0% RB处理下，紫花苜蓿的地上生物量平均提高了112%，披碱草平均提高了80.1%。相同RB施加量处理，覆盖处理的牧草总体上发芽率、发芽势、株高、地上生物量和根系发育显著高于未覆盖处理，紫花苜蓿和披碱草发芽率平均提高164%和194%，地上生物量平均提高64.3%和24.9%。相同覆盖处理下，土壤有机碳和速效养分含量均随RB处理有效提高，1.0%RB将土壤有机碳和速效钾分别显著提高了33.1%和105%。相同RB施加量下，覆盖处理能提高土壤的有机碳含量，平均提高了2.75%。双因素方差分析表明RB和草席覆盖措施对牧草的生长、生理指标和土壤养分含量具有显著的交互影响。冗余分析和Pearson相关性分析表明影响牧草生长生理指标的环境因子主要为有机碳、铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾，建议采用1.0% RB与草席覆盖联用来改良新疆旱区土壤促进牧草生长。研究结果为古龙酸母液、胶质芽胞杆菌资源化利用和新疆旱区土地资源开发提供了科学依据。

关键词: 古龙酸母液, 胶质芽胞杆菌, 草席覆盖, 紫花苜蓿, 披碱草, 土壤养分含量

Abstract:

Residue after evaporation (RAE) is a byproduct generated during the industrial production of vitamin C through two-step fermentation, while Bacillus mucilaginosus is a potassium-solubilizing bacterium. Both play a crucial role in enhancing soil quality, fertility, and plant growth. In this study, a mixed fertilizer (RB) was prepared using a combination of RAE and Bacillus mucilaginosus. Three RB treatments with mass fractions of 0% (CK), 0.5%, and 1.0% were applied, along with straw-mat mulched and non-mulched treatments, to conduct field plot experiments. In this field experiment, the growth, physiological indicators, soil nutrient indices, and their correlations of both Medicago sativa and Elymus dahuricus were analyzed. The results demonstrated that RB significantly improved the growth and physiological indexes of forage crops, with higher concentrations of RB showing greater enhancements. In the 1.0% RB treatment, the aboveground biomass of Medicago sativa increased by 112%, while Elymus dahuricus showed an increase of 80.1%. With the same amount of RB applied, germination rates, germination potential, plant height, aboveground biomass, and root development were all significantly higher in mulched treatments compared with non-mulched treatments. The germination rates of Medicago sativa and Elymus dahuricus increased by an average of 164% and 194%, respectively, while the aboveground biomass increased by an average of 64.3% and 24.9%, respectively. Soil organic carbon and nutrient content were effectively increased with the application of RB treatment, particularly with 1.0% RB leading to a 33.1% increase in soil organic carbon and a 105% increase in quick potassium. At the same RB application amount, the mulched treatments could increase the organic carbon content of the soil by an average of 2.75% compared to the non-mulched treatments. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant interaction effects between RB and grass mat mulching on forage growth, physiological indexes, and soil nutrient content. Redundancy analysis and Pearson correlation analysis identified organic carbon, ammonium nitrogen, effective phosphorus, and quick-acting potassium as key factors influencing the growth and physiological indexes of pasture grasses. Based on the findings, it is recommended to use 1.0% RB and grass mat mulching to improve soil quality in arid regions of Xinjiang, facilitating the growth of pasture grasses. This study provides a scientific foundation for the utilization of residue after evaporation, Bacillus mucilaginosus resources, and land development in dry regions like Xinjiang.

Key words: residue after evaporation, Bacillus mucilaginosus, straw mat covering, Medicago sativa, Elymus dahuricus Turcz., soil nutrient content

中图分类号:

S812
X173

李多美, 孔涛, 陈曦, 高明夫, 高熙梣, 曾泽宇, 保佳慧. 古龙酸母液混制肥和草席覆盖措施对新疆旱区牧草生长和土壤养分含量的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(4): 548-559.

LI Duomei, KONG Tao, CHEN Xi, GAO Mingfu, GAO Xichen, ZENG Zeyu, BAO Jiahui. Effects of Residue after Evaporation Mixed Fertilizer and Grass Mat Mulching Measures on the Growth and Soil Nutrient Content of Pasture Grasses in the Dry Zone of Xinjiang[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(4): 548-559.

图/表 12

表1 实验处理组别

Table 1 Experimental treatment groups

处理方式	处理组别	施加量	简写
紫花苜蓿 (Medicago sativa)+草席覆盖	ZF	0% (CK)	CKZF
紫花苜蓿 (Medicago sativa)+草席覆盖	ZF	0.5%	0.5% ZF
紫花苜蓿 (Medicago sativa)+草席覆盖	ZF	1.0%	1.0% ZF
紫花苜蓿 (Medicago sativa) 无覆盖	ZW	0% (CK)	CKZW
紫花苜蓿 (Medicago sativa) 无覆盖	ZW	0.5%	0.5% ZW
紫花苜蓿 (Medicago sativa) 无覆盖	ZW	1.0%	1.0% ZW
披碱草 (Elymus dahuricus)+草席覆盖	PF	0% (CK)	CKPF
披碱草 (Elymus dahuricus)+草席覆盖	PF	0.5%	0.5% PF
披碱草 (Elymus dahuricus)+草席覆盖	PF	1.0%	1.0% PF
披碱草 (Elymus dahuricus) 无覆盖	PW	0% (CK)	CKPW
披碱草 (Elymus dahuricus) 无覆盖	PW	0.5%	0.5% PW
披碱草 (Elymus dahuricus) 无覆盖	PW	1.0%	1.0% PW

图1 田间小区试验布置

Figure 1 Field cell test layout

图2 RB和草席覆盖处理下的牧草发芽率和发芽势不同小写字母表示同一草席覆盖措施处理（覆盖和未覆盖）下不同施加量的RB之间存在显著差异，不同大写字母表示同一RB处理下不同草席覆盖措施处理之间存在显著差异（p<0.05），n=3；紫花苜蓿和披碱草以虚线分隔开。下同

Figure 2 Forage germination and germination potential under RB and mat cover treatments

图3 RB和草席覆盖处理下的牧草株高和地上生物量

Figure 3 Forage plant height and aboveground biomass under RB and mat cover treatments

图4 紫花苜蓿叶片

Figure 4 Medicago sativa leaves

图5 RB和草席覆盖处理下的牧草根系发育指标

Figure 5 Indicators of forage root development under RB and mat cover treatments

图6 RB和草席覆盖处理下的牧草光合色素及L-抗坏血酸含量

Figure 6 Photosynthetic pigments and L-ascorbic acid content of fescue under RB and grass mat cover treatments

图7 RB和草席覆盖处理下的土壤养分含量

Figure 7 Soil nutrient content under RB and straw mat cover treatments

表2 RB的施加量和覆盖措施对牧草发芽、生长及生理指标影响的双因素方差分析

Table 2 Two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the effects of RB application and mulching measures on forage seedling germination, growth and physiological indices

影响因素	发芽率	发芽势	株高	地上生物量	Ca	Cb	Cab	Ccar	L-抗坏血酸
覆盖	204.38***	151.77***	171.50***	66.19***	0.15	13.91**	0.56	0.01	1.38
施加量	16.55***	262.18***	105.99***	125.48***	10.29***	9.36***	14.96***	10.31***	57.14***
覆盖×施加量	9.34***	25.37***	12.00***	12.56***	1.38	4.71*	0.99	5.58**	1.78

表3 RB的施加量和覆盖措施对牧草根系发育和土壤养分含量影响的双因素方差分析

Table 3 Two-way ANOVA of the effects of RB application and mulching practices on forage root development and soil nutrient content

影响因素	总根长	根平均直径	根体积	根表面积	根投影面积	根尖数	有机碳	硝态氮	铵态氮	有效磷	速效钾
覆盖	40.96***¹⁾	2.29	15.73**²⁾	30.99***	27.27***	14.98**	1.33	0.81	0.02	2.87	0.90
施加量	36.31***	18.07***	94.25***	90.23***	79.41***	11.10***	18.81***	5.27**	6.92***	14.26***	6.44**
覆盖×施加量	12.03***	1.67	4.25**	10.46***	9.21***	14.04***	2.29*³⁾	1.48	10.94***	5.30**	0.99

表4 土壤养分含量与牧草生长生理指标的相关系数

Table 4 Correlation coefficient between soil nutrient content and forage growth physiological indexes

环境参数	叶绿素a	叶绿素b	总叶绿素	类胡萝卜素	总根长	根体积	根尖数	L-抗坏血酸	株高	地上生物量	发芽率
有机碳	0.190	0.066	0.174	0.399^*	0.211	0.266	0.029	0.010	0.060	0.420^*	0.359^*
铵态氮	-0.551^{** 1)}	-0.302	-0.580^**	-0.444^**	0.190	0.210	0.050	0.239	-0.460^**	0.328	0.137
硝态氮	-0.142	-0.191	-0.186	-0.022	-0.010	0.126	-0.157	0.298	-0.195	-0.008	-0.033
有效磷	0.517^**	0.421^{* 2)}	0.573^**	0.017	-0.240	-0.228	0.120	-0.439^**	0.410^*	-0.433^**	-0.374^*
速效钾	0.516^**	0.164	0.533^**	0.276	-0.265	-0.233	0.023	-0.319	0.471^**	-0.404^*	-0.328

图8 牧草生长生理指标与环境因子的冗余分析图中ASA表示L-抗坏血酸；Trl表示总根长；Rv表示根体积；Nrt表示根尖数；Chla表示叶绿素a；Chlb表示叶绿素b；Chlab表示总叶绿素；Car表示类胡萝卜素；H表示株高；Ab表示地上生物量；Rg表示发芽；NO3--N表示硝态氮；NH4+-N表示铵态氮

Figure 8 Redundancy analysis of plant physiological indicators and environmental factors

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古龙酸母液混制肥和草席覆盖措施对新疆旱区牧草生长和土壤养分含量的影响

Effects of Residue after Evaporation Mixed Fertilizer and Grass Mat Mulching Measures on the Growth and Soil Nutrient Content of Pasture Grasses in the Dry Zone of Xinjiang

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