西藏热振国家森林公园土壤原生动物群落沿海拔分布格局及其与环境因子的关联特征

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.04.001

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 499-508.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.04.001

• 研究论文【生态学】 • 下一篇

西藏热振国家森林公园土壤原生动物群落沿海拔分布格局及其与环境因子的关联特征

黄倩(), 朱时应, 李天顺, 李明燕, 索南措, 普布^*()

西藏大学生态环境学院，西藏拉萨 850000

收稿日期:2023-05-31 出版日期:2024-04-18 发布日期:2024-05-31
通讯作者: *普布。E-mail: purbu@utibet.edu.cn
作者简介:黄倩（1996年生），女，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤原生动物生态学方向的研究。E-mail: hq17878192280@163.com
基金资助:
西藏地区柏科物种响应气候变化的遗传多样性和地理分布格局变迁研究(U20A2080)

Distribution Pattern of Soil Protozoa Community along Altitude and Its Correlation with Environmental Factors in Rating National Forest Park in Tibet, China

HUANG Qian(), ZHU Shiying, LI Tianshun, LI Mingyan, SUO Nancuo, PU Bu^*()

School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, P. R. China

Received:2023-05-31 Online:2024-04-18 Published:2024-05-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤原生动物是土壤中一类微型单细胞真核生物，是土壤的关键组成部分，对土壤环境质量动态变化具有重要的指示作用。为了解不同海拔土壤原生动物群落组成、多样性、分布格局及其与环境因子的耦合关系，于2021年7月根据西藏热振国家森林公园地理特征设置了3种不同海拔（低，LA；中，MA；高，HA）共9个样地，采用“非淹没培养法”、“活体观察法”和“Wilbert蛋白银法”对土壤原生动物进行培养和形态学鉴定。结果表明，研究区3种不同海拔共鉴定出土壤原生动物76种，隶属2门12纲23目32科46属，优势纲为动鞭纲（Zoomastigophorea），占总物种数的22.37%。其中，低海拔以动鞭纲为主，中高海拔以肾形纲（Colpodea）占据优势，这与肾形纲的生长方式为R-对策有关。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数在3种海拔段之间均无显著差异。土壤pH、含水量在低海拔和高海拔间存在差异。共发生网络分析显示，3个不同海拔土壤原生动物物种的共现网络节点间的关系主要为正相关。Mantel分析和冗余分析结果显示，总磷是影响土壤原生动物群落组成的主要驱动因子。该研究结果有助于了解西藏热振国家森林公园生态系统变化，为青藏高原生态环境保护和可持续发展提供基础数据支持。

关键词: 热振国家森林公园, 土壤原生动物, 群落多样性, 共现网络, 分布格局, 环境因子

Abstract:

Soil protozoa, a kind of micro-single-celled eukaryotes in soil, are the key components of soil and play an important role in indicating the dynamic change of soil environmental quality. To understand the community composition, diversity and distribution pattern of soil protozoa at different elevations and their coupling relationship with environmental factors, a total of 9 plots at three different altitudes (low: LA, middle: MA, High: HA) were set up in July 2021 according to the geographical characteristics of Tibet Rezhen National Forest Park. The “non-submerged culture method”, “in vivo observation method” and “Wilbert protein silver method” were used to culture and morphologically identify soil protozoa. The results showed that a total of 76 species of soil protozoa were identified at three different altitudes in the study area, belonging to 2 phyla, 12 classes, 23 orders, 32 families and 46 genera. The dominant class was Zoomastigophorea, accounting for 22.37% of the total species. Among them, Dynaminidae prevailed at low altitudes, whereas Colpodea dominated at middle and low altitudes, which is related to the R-strategy growth pattern of Colpodea. There was no significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Margalef abundance index among the three altitudes. There were differences in soil pH and water content between low and high altitudes. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that the relationship between the co-occurrence network nodes of the three soil protozoan species at different altitudes was mainly positive. The results of Mental analysis and redundancy analysis showed that total phosphorus was the main driving factor affecting the composition of soil protozoa community. The results of this study are helpful to understand the ecosystem changes of Rezhen National Forest Park in Tibet, and provide basic data support for ecological environment protection and sustainable development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Key words: Rezhen National Forest Park, soil protozoa, community diversity, co-occurrence network, distribution pattern, environmental factors

中图分类号:

黄倩, 朱时应, 李天顺, 李明燕, 索南措, 普布. 西藏热振国家森林公园土壤原生动物群落沿海拔分布格局及其与环境因子的关联特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(4): 499-508.

HUANG Qian, ZHU Shiying, LI Tianshun, LI Mingyan, SUO Nancuo, PU Bu. Distribution Pattern of Soil Protozoa Community along Altitude and Its Correlation with Environmental Factors in Rating National Forest Park in Tibet, China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(4): 499-508.

图/表 9

图1 热振国家森林公园样地示意图

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the sampling plots in the Rating National Forest Park

表1 热振国家森林公园样地基本概况

Table 1 The basic situation of the sample plot in the Rating National Forest Park

样地	海拔/m	东经	北纬	植被高度/cm	植被盖度/%	植被类型
A1	4116	91°31′26.89″	30°18′50.49″	17.22	85	草本植物
A2	4146	91°30′33.21″	30°18′24.91″	9.58	60	草本植物
A3	4117	91°32′2.63″	30°19′19.722″	12.34	90	草本植物
B1	4371	91°31′18.87″	30°19′11.31″	7.66	65	针叶灌丛
B2	4352	91°30′34.81″	30°18′54.85″	3.82	70	针叶灌丛
B3	4364	91°31′49.72″	30°19′32″	36.20	85	针叶灌丛
C1	4576	91°31′8.87″	30°19′10.17″	3.30	90	高山草甸
C2	4573	91°30′35″	30°19′3.83″	5.88	65	高山草甸
C3	4567	91°31′49.61″	30°19′35.88″	12.20	65	高山草甸

图2 热振国家森林公园不同海拔土壤原生动物物种组成与分布

Figure 2 Species composition and distribution of soil protozoa at different elevations in the Rating National Forest Park

图3 热振国家森林公园不同海拔土壤原生动物多样性指数图中数据为平均值±标准差（n=3）；ns（p>0.05）表示无差异

Figure 3 Diversity index of soil protozoa at different elevations in the Rating National Forest Park

表2 热振国家森林公园不同海拔土壤原生动物共现网络拓扑属性

Table 2 Topological properties of soil protozoa co-occurrence networks at different elevations in the Rating National Forest Park

网络拓扑属性	不同海拔高度的网络拓扑参数
网络拓扑属性	低海拔 (LA)	中海拔 (MA)	高海拔 (HA)
节点数	77	39	45
边数	213	231	303
平均加权度	7.17	7.74	13.73
平均度	5.53	11.85	13.47
模块化系数	0.87	1.22	0.95
平均聚类数	0.90	0.96	0.97
平均路径长度	1.90	1	1
图密度	0.07	0.31	0.31
正相关占比/%	96.24	69.70	78.22
负相关占比/%	3.76	30.30	21.78

图4 热振国家森林公园不同海拔土壤原生动物的共现网络

Figure 4 Co-occurrence networks of soil protozoa at different elevations in the Rating National Forest Park

图5 热振国家森林公园不同海拔植被与土壤理化性质 SOC：有机碳；ST：土壤温度；TK：全钾；AP：有效磷；TP：总磷；SWC：土壤含水量；RAK：速效钾；TN：总氮；Sal：盐度；VC：植被盖度；VH：植被高度。图中数据为平均值±标准差（n=3）；*（p<0.05）表示有差异，**（p<0.01）表示呈显著差异，ns（p>0.05）表示无差异

Figure 5 Physicochemical properties of soil at different elevations in the Fating National Forest Park

图6 热振国家森林公园不同海拔土壤原生动物群落与环境因子的Mantel分析 SOC：有机碳；ST：土壤温度；TK：全钾；AP：有效磷；TP：总磷；SWC：土壤含水量；RAK：速效钾；TN：总氮；Sal：盐度；VC：植被盖度；VH：植被高度红色和蓝色分别表示两变量间的负相关和正相关关系，颜色越深表示关系越紧密；红色和绿色线条表示两变量间相关性的强弱。*、**和***分别表示p<0.05、p<0.01和p<0.001

Figure 6 Mantel analysis of soil protozoa community and environmental factors at different elevations in the Rating National Forest Park

图7 热振国家森林公园不同海拔土壤原生动物群落与环境因子的冗余分析（RDA） Chtu：膨胀斜管虫；Hac：太阳晶盘虫；Tpu：卑怯管叶虫；Ahf：弯凹表壳虫；Leu：大口薄咽虫；Stvi：绿急游虫；Mac：锐利楯纤虫；Cope：前突肾形虫；Omi：微盘盖虫；Mer：突额扭头； Eue：近亲游仆虫；Coi：膨胀肾形虫；Prt：圆柱前管虫；Bov：卵形波豆虫；Plna：鼻斜毛虫；Bal：阿氏波豆虫；Chm：凹扁拟斜管虫；Avu：普通表壳虫；Eum：黏游仆虫；Chb：巴维利亚斜管虫

Figure 7 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil protozoa community and environment factors at different elevations in the Rating National Forest Park

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西藏热振国家森林公园土壤原生动物群落沿海拔分布格局及其与环境因子的关联特征

Distribution Pattern of Soil Protozoa Community along Altitude and Its Correlation with Environmental Factors in Rating National Forest Park in Tibet, China

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