周期性淹水-落干和施用秸秆对白云石改良棕壤磷素流失风险的模拟研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.08.005

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 1203-1213.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.08.005

周期性淹水-落干和施用秸秆对白云石改良棕壤磷素流失风险的模拟研究

范贝贝¹^,²(), 丁帅¹(), 张田田¹, 张帅¹^,³, 魏露露¹, 陈清¹^,^*()

1.中国农业大学农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室/资源与环境学院，北京 100193
2.中国科学院南京土壤研究所，江苏南京 210008
3.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081

收稿日期:2024-04-09 出版日期:2024-08-18 发布日期:2024-09-25
通讯作者: *陈清。E-mail: qchen@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:范贝贝（1997年生），男，助理工程师，从事土壤改良和废弃物资源化利用。E-mail: jiubeifan@issas.ac.cn †这些作者对这项工作的贡献相等：丁帅（1996年生），男，博士研究生，从事农业面源污染控制与修复。E-mail: ds19961018@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFE0104700);现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-23-B15)

Simulation Study on Phosphorus Loss Risk with Periodic Flooding-Drying and Straw Incorporation in a Dolomite-Amended Brown Soil

FAN Beibie¹^,²(), DING Shuai¹(), ZHANG Tiantian¹, ZHANG Shuai¹^,³, WEI Lulu¹, CHEN Qing¹^,^*()

1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
2. Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
3. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China

Received:2024-04-09 Online:2024-08-18 Published:2024-09-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农田土壤磷累积及潜在的磷素流失风险在中国受到广泛的关注。施用白云石是降低土壤磷流失风险的有效措施之一，但常见农田管理措施（秸秆还田、交替灌溉以及它们的组合措施等）如何影响白云石改良后土壤的磷素流失风险及其相关机制目前还不清楚。采用培养试验，探究施用秸秆、周期性淹水-落干、周期性淹水-落干和施用秸秆联合处理对白云石改良土壤活性磷含量、磷吸附/解吸特性、连续浸提磷组分和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明：与仅施用白云石的对照（CK）相比，施用秸秆（S）和周期性淹水-落干处理（FW）使土壤不稳定磷（CaCl₂-P）分别增加62.3%和15.9%；并同时降低土壤磷最大吸附容量（6.26%-12.5%）和NaHCO₃-P_i（6.97%-19.2%）。秸秆本身含有的磷和易解吸态磷（NaHCO₃-P_i）的释放分别是上述处理土壤活性磷增加的主要原因。周期性淹水-落干和施用秸秆联合处理（FWS）使土壤CaCl₂-P和Bray-P分别降低43.4%和23.2%。这一处理也显著提高了土壤非晶质铁质量分数（21.6%），增强土壤对磷的吸附，并抑制吸附态磷的解吸，进而降低土壤活性磷质量分数。此外，周期性淹水-落干和施用秸秆联合处理也显著提高了土壤Fe²⁺（423%）和铁活化度（18.8%），促进了土壤Fe/Al-P向稳定态磷转化，使HCl-P增加26.9%。土壤磷吸附能力的提高、非晶质铁对活性磷的固定和稳定态磷（HCl-P）质量分数的增加是周期性淹水-落干和施用秸秆联合处理中磷流失风险降低的重要原因。结构方程模型表明，土壤非晶质铁和有机质是影响磷素流失的关键因素。研究表明，适当的淹水-落干措施配合秸秆还田能增强白云石改良土壤中磷素的固持，降低磷素流失风险，可为胶东半岛高磷土壤的管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 高磷土壤, 白云石, 秸秆还田, 淹水-落干, 土壤磷流失

Abstract:

The accumulation of phosphorus (P) in farmland soils and the potential risk of P loss have been widely studied in China. The application of dolomite is an effective measure for reducing the risk of P loss in soil. However, it is unclear how common field management measures (straw incorporation, alternative irrigation, and their combination) affect the risk of P loss in dolomite-amended soils and the related mechanisms. This study investigated the changes in active P content, P adsorption/desorption characteristics, continuous P extraction components, and soil physicochemical properties subjected to periodic flooding-drying, straw incorporation, and coupling of periodic flooding-drying and straw incorporation by a culture experiment. The results showed that the mass fraction of CaCl₂-P in the soil increased by 62.3% and 15.9% with straw incorporation (S) and periodic flooding-drying (FW) treatments, respectively, compared to dolomite treatment (CK). In addition, the maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity and NaHCO₃-P_i decreased by 6.26%‒12.5% and 6.97%‒19.2% in the straw incorporation and periodic flooding-drying treatments, respectively. The P contained in the straw and release of easily desorbed P (NaHCO₃-P_i) caused an increase in active P in the treated soil. The coupling of periodic flooding-drying and straw incorporation (FWS) reduced soil CaCl₂-P and available P (Bray-P) by 43.4% and 23.2%, respectively. The treatment significantly increased poorly crystalline Fe (21.6%), enhanced P adsorption, and inhibited the desorption of adsorbed P, thereby reducing the mass fraction of active P in soil. In addition, the coupling of periodic flooding-drying and straw incorporation significantly increased Fe²⁺ (423%) and iron activation (18.8%), promoting the conversion of soil Fe/Al-P to stable P, thus increasing the HCl-P by 26.9%. The increase in soil P adsorption capacity, the increased adsorption of poorly crystalline Fe to active P, and the increase in stable P (HCl-P) mass fraction were the important reasons for the reduction of P loss risk in the coupling of periodic flooding-drying and straw incorporation. Random forest and structural equation models showed that the contents of poorly crystalline Fe and organic matter in the soil are the key factors affecting phosphorus loss. Research has shown that the coupling of periodic flooding-drying and straw incorporation can enhance P immobilization in dolomite-amended soil and help reduce the risk of P loss in high-phosphorus soil. These results provide a scientific basis for the management of high-P soils on the Jiaodong Peninsula.

Key words: high phosphorus soil, dolomite, straw incorporation, flooding-drying, soil phosphorus loss

中图分类号:

S153
X144

范贝贝, 丁帅, 张田田, 张帅, 魏露露, 陈清. 周期性淹水-落干和施用秸秆对白云石改良棕壤磷素流失风险的模拟研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(8): 1203-1213.

FAN Beibie, DING Shuai, ZHANG Tiantian, ZHANG Shuai, WEI Lulu, CHEN Qing. Simulation Study on Phosphorus Loss Risk with Periodic Flooding-Drying and Straw Incorporation in a Dolomite-Amended Brown Soil[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(8): 1203-1213.

图/表 8

图1 不同处理下土壤CaCl2-P和Bray-P的质量分数图中不同小写字母表示不同处理之间差异显著（p<0.05）,下同

Figure 1 Mass fraction of CaCl2-P and Bray-P after soil incubation under different treatments

表1 不同处理下土壤无机磷组分变化特征

Table 1 Change characteristics of soil phosphorus fractions under different treatments

处理	w_(H2O-Pi)/ (mg∙kg⁻¹)	w_(NaHCO3-Pi)/ (mg∙kg⁻¹)	w₍_NaOH-Pi)/ (mg∙kg⁻¹)	w_(HCl-P)/ (mg∙kg⁻¹)
CK	35.0a	172a	144a	48.6b
S	37.6a	160a	133a	48.6b
FW	32.6a	139b	130a	47.4b
FWS	30.7a	171a	122b	61.7a

图2 不同处理下土壤对磷的吸附和解吸等温线

Figure 2 Phosphorus sorption and desorption isotherms across different treatments after soil incubation

表2 不同处理下土壤对磷的吸附等温线拟合参数和解吸特征

Table 2 Fitting parameters and phosphorus adsorption and desorption isotherm under different treatments

处理	Langmuir					Freundlich			Liner
处理	Q_max/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	K_l/(L∙mg⁻¹)	Q_(PBC)/(L∙kg⁻¹)	r²	w_(DPS)/%	K_f	1/n	r²	解吸率/%	r²
CK	431	0.083	47.7	0.994	11.8	52.1	0.536	0.989	20.7	0.992
S	377	0.074	27.9	0.985	13.8	45.8	0.513	0.995	26.6	0.981
FW	404	0.088	35.6	0.960	12.7	58.8	0.471	0.964	22.8	0.992
FWS	438	0.122	54.3	0.985	11.6	74.8	0.465	0.987	17.9	0.975

图3 不同处理对土壤铁化学形态和铁活化度的影响

Figure 3 Effects of different treatments on soil iron chemical form and iron activation

表3 不同处理下的土壤理化性质

Table 3 Soil physical and chemical properties under different treatments

处理	pH	电导率/(μS∙cm⁻¹)	w_(SOM)/(g∙kg⁻¹)
CK	5.78b	269.3a	25.3bc
S	6.10a	204.3b	26.8b
FW	6.10a	204.7b	22.4c
FWS	6.10a	154.3c	36.1a

图4 土壤活性磷质量分数与磷组分和土壤理化性质的相关性关系 Feo：非晶质铁；Fe2+：二价铁离子；Feo/Fed：铁活化度。*表示在p<0.05水平下的显著差异，**表示在p<0.01水平下的显著差异，***表示在p<0.001水平下的显著差异

Figure 4 Correlation between soil phosphorus availability, phosphorus components and soil physicochemical properties

图5 不同环境因子对土壤CaCl2-P变化的重要性模型分析 Feo：非晶质铁；Fe2+：二价铁离子；Feo/Fed：铁活化度。*表示在p<0.05水平下的显著差异.

Figure 5 Model analysis of the importance of different environmental factors to the changes of soil CaCl2-P changes

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周期性淹水-落干和施用秸秆对白云石改良棕壤磷素流失风险的模拟研究

Simulation Study on Phosphorus Loss Risk with Periodic Flooding-Drying and Straw Incorporation in a Dolomite-Amended Brown Soil

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