白三叶入侵对禾本科草坪土壤特性和植物群落的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.01.008

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 70-79.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.01.008

白三叶入侵对禾本科草坪土壤特性和植物群落的影响

李萍(), 白小明(), 陈鑫, 李娟霞, 冉福, 陈辉, 杨小妮, 康瑞卿

甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心，甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2022-08-08 出版日期:2023-01-18 发布日期:2023-04-06
通讯作者: *白小明（1969年生），教授，博士，研究方向为草坪科学。E-mail: baixm@gsau.edu.cn
*白小明（1969年生），教授，博士，研究方向为草坪科学。E-mail: baixm@gsau.edu.cn
作者简介:李萍（1997年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为草坪科学。E-mail: 1364000397@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31560667);中国科协产业发展服务项目(2021XHQK002);甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR10RA564);甘肃省林草局草原生态修复治理科技支撑项目(GSLC-2020-3)

Effects of Trifolium repens Invasion on Soil Properties and Plant Communities of Gramineous Turfgrass

LI Ping(), BAI Xiaoming(), CHEN Xin, LI Juanxia, RAN Fu, CHEN Hui, YANG Xiaoni, KANG Ruiqing

College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural Universty/Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China

Received:2022-08-08 Online:2023-01-18 Published:2023-04-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明晰白三叶入侵对禾本科草坪土壤和植物群落的影响，以白三叶（Trifolium repens）入侵禾本科草坪为研究对象，探究不同入侵程度（未入侵：N；轻度入侵：L；中度入侵：M；重度入侵：H）对土壤特性和植物群落的影响，为进一步了解外来植物入侵机制及禾本科草坪的建植养护提供理论依据。结果表明，（1）白三叶重度入侵显著降低了植物群落多样性指数。（2）同一土层，随白三叶入侵程度的增加，土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、铵态氮（AN）、硝态氮（NN）、速效磷（AP）含量及酶活性均增加，而土壤全磷（TP）含量减少；土壤特性表聚效应明显。（3）土壤脲酶（URE）、蔗糖酶（SUC）及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均与SOC、TN、AN、NN及AP含量呈极显著正相关，土壤磷酸酶（ALP）活性与SOC、TN、AN、NN及AP含量呈显著正相关，土壤SUC、ALP及CAT活性均与TP含量呈显著负相关。（4）土壤性质对植物群落的影响大小顺序为：URE>CAT>SUC>AP>TN>SOC>AN>ALP>TP>NN。白三叶入侵改变了禾本科草坪土壤特性，提高了土壤养分利用率，导致土壤更有利于白三叶的生长和竞争，从而破坏入侵区草坪植物群落多样性平衡。

关键词: 白三叶, 入侵, 禾本科草坪, 植物群落多样性, 土壤特性

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effect of Trifolium repens invasion on the soil and plant community of gramineous turfgrass, this experiment took Trifolium repens invading gramineous turfgrass as the research object to explore different degrees of invasion (No invasion: N; Low invasion: L; Moderate invasion: M; Heavy invasion: H) on soil properties and plant community, which can provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the invasion mechanism of alien plants and the establishment and maintenance of gramineous turfgrass. The results showed that (1) heavy invasion of Trifolium repens significantly reduced the diversity index of plant community. (2) In the same soil layer, with the increase of the invasion degree, the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (AN), nitrate nitrogen (NN), available phosphorus (AP) and enzyme activities increased, while soil total phosphorus (TP) content decreased; obvious topsoil enrichment of soil properties were observed. (3) Activities of soil urease (URE), sucrase (SUC) and catalase (CAT) were positively correlated with the contents of SOC, TN, AN, NN and AP, while activity of soil phosphatase (ALP) was positively correlated with SOC, TN, AN, NN and AP contents, and activities of soil SUC, ALP and CAT were negatively correlated with TP contents. (4) The order of the impact of soil properties on the plant community was: URE>CAT> SUC>AP>TN>SOC>AN>ALP>TP>NN. The invasion of Trifolium repens of gramineous turfgrass changed the soil characteristics, improved soil nutrient utilization efficiency, and made the soil more conducive to the growth and competition of Trifolium repens, thus destroying the original balance of gramineous turfgrass plant community diversity in the invaded area.

Key words: Trifolium repens, invasion, gramineous turfgrass, plant community diversity, soil properties

中图分类号:

Q948
X17

李萍, 白小明, 陈鑫, 李娟霞, 冉福, 陈辉, 杨小妮, 康瑞卿. 白三叶入侵对禾本科草坪土壤特性和植物群落的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(1): 70-79.

LI Ping, BAI Xiaoming, CHEN Xin, LI Juanxia, RAN Fu, CHEN Hui, YANG Xiaoni, KANG Ruiqing. Effects of Trifolium repens Invasion on Soil Properties and Plant Communities of Gramineous Turfgrass[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(1): 70-79.

图/表 6

表1 白三叶入侵下禾本科草坪群落植物物种组成

Table 1 The composition of plant species in gramineous turfgrass communities under Trifolium repens invasion

科	未入侵	轻度入侵	中度入侵	重度入侵
豆科		白三叶 Trifolium repens (19)	白三叶 Trifolium repens (41)	白三叶 Trifolium repens (76)
禾本科	草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis (113)	草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis (96)	草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis (82)	草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis (58)
	黑麦草 Lolium perenne (26)	黑麦草 Lolium perenne (17)	黑麦草 Lolium perenne (32)
		马唐Digitaria sanguinalis(20)	马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis (32)
	稗 Echinochloa crusgalli (18)
				牛筋草 Eleusine indica (4)
菊科	蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum (25)	蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum (16)	蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum (25)
		苣荬菜 Sonchus arvensis (10)	苣荬菜 Sonchus arvensis (20)	苣荬菜 Sonchus arvensis (9)
			黄鹌菜 Youngia japonica (15)
		小飞蓬 Conyza Canadensis (7)	小飞蓬 Conyza Canadensis (18)
旋花科	田旋花 Convolvulus arvensis (12)		田旋花 Convolvulus arvensis (14)
蓼科	酸模 Rumex acetosa (18)		酸模 Rumex acetosa (25)
合计	6种, 212株	7种, 185株	10种, 304株	4种, 147株

表2 白三叶入侵对禾本科草坪植物群落多样性的影响

Table 2 Effects of Trifolium repens invasion on gramineous turfgrass plant community diversity

入侵程度	辛普森多样性指数 (P)	香农-维纳多样性指数 (H)	均匀度指数 (E)	丰富度指数 (D)
未入侵	0.66±0.03b	1.41±0.07b	0.79±0.04b	0.93±0.01c
轻度入侵	0.69±0.01b	1.52±0.02b	0.78±0.01b	1.15±0.02b
中度入侵	0.86±0.02a	1.98±0.01a	0.86±0.02a	1.63±0.06a
重度入侵	0.57±0.01c	0.99±0.01c	0.71±0.01c	0.60±0.01d

图1 白三叶入侵对禾本科草坪土壤养分的影响平均值±标准误，n=3。不同大写字母表示同一入侵程度不同土层养分含量之间差异显著（P<0.05），不同小写字母表示同一土层不同入侵程度土壤养分含量之间差异显著（P<0.05）。下同

Figure 1 Effects of Trifolium repens invasion on gramineous turfgrass soil nutrients

图2 白三叶入侵对禾本科草坪土壤酶活性的影响平均值±标准误，n=3。不同小写字母表示同一土层不同入侵程度土壤酶活性之间差异显著（P<0.05），不同大写字母表示同一入侵程度不同土层土壤酶活性之间差异显著（P<0.05）

Figure 2 Effects of Trifolium repens invasion on gramineous turfgrass soil enzyme activities

图3 土壤养分与酶活性的相关性 SOC：土壤有机碳；TN：全氮；TP：全磷；AN：铵态氮；NN：硝态氮；AP：速效磷；CAT：过氧化氢酶活性；ALP：碱性磷酸酶活性；SUC：蔗糖酶活性；URE：脲酶活性。*表示显著性相关（P<0.05）；**表示极显著相关（P<0.01）。r图注表示?1—1的相关程度值，红色表示正向相关，蓝色表示负向相关，颜色越深则相应的正（负）相关性越大

Figure 3 Correlation between soil nutrients and enzyme activities

图4 土壤特性与草坪植物群落间的关系 SOC：土壤有机碳；TN：全氮；TP：全磷；AN：铵态氮；NN：硝态氮；AP：速效磷；CAT：过氧化氢酶活性；ALP：碱性磷酸酶活性；SUC：蔗糖酶活性；URE：脲酶活性；P：辛普森多样性指数；H：香农-维纳多样性指数；E：均匀度指数；D：丰富度指数

Figure 4 Relationship between soil properties and turfgrass plant communities

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白三叶入侵对禾本科草坪土壤特性和植物群落的影响

Effects of Trifolium repens Invasion on Soil Properties and Plant Communities of Gramineous Turfgrass

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