海南农田不同质地砖红壤及其细菌群落与番茄青枯病发生的关联分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.06.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 1062-1069.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.06.007

海南农田不同质地砖红壤及其细菌群落与番茄青枯病发生的关联分析

李海鹏²(), 黄月华³^,⁴^,^*(), 孙晓东⁵, 曹启民¹^,^**(), 符芳兴¹, 孙楚涵³

1.海南省农业科学院农业环境与土壤研究所，海南海口 571100
2.临湘市农业农村局生态能源服务中心，湖南岳阳 414300
3.海南大学生态与环境学院，海南海口 570228
4.海南省农林环境过程与生态调控重点实验室，海南海口 570228
5.海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所，海南海口 571100

收稿日期:2023-02-21 出版日期:2023-06-18 发布日期:2023-09-01
通讯作者: **曹启民（1974年生），研究员，博士，研究方向为土壤环境修复。E-mail: 271093491@qq.com
作者简介:李海鹏（1996年生），男，技术员，硕士，研究方向为土传病害防控。E-mail: 2417289841@qq.com
^*共同第一作者：黄月华，女，副教授，博士，研究方向为环境微生物与元素循环。E-mail: sunflower-001@163.com
基金资助:
海南省省属科研院所技术创新专项(Jscx202005);海南省院士创新平台科研项目(YSPTZX202212)

Correlation Analysis of the Occurrence of the Tomato Bacterial Wilt and Different Types of Texture of Latosols and Its Bacterial Community in Cropland in Hainan

LI Haipeng²(), HUANG Yuehua³^,⁴(), SUN Xiaodong⁵, CAO Qimin¹^,^**(), FU Fangxing¹, SUN Chuhan³

1. Institute of Agricultural Environment and Soil, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, P. R. China
2. Service Center for Ecological Energy, Linxiang Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Yueyang 414300, P. R. China
3. College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
4. Key Laboratory of Agro-forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
5. Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, P. R. China

Received:2023-02-21 Online:2023-06-18 Published:2023-09-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青枯病对农田土壤环境的影响深远。为探究海南砖红壤质地和细菌群落与番茄青枯病发生的关系，为农业防治青枯病提供参考依据，以海南农田砖红壤为对象，番茄为茄科模式作物，采用大田试验，分别在3种不同质地砖红壤试验田设置了6个处理组（砂土对照、砂土+接种青枯菌、壤土对照、壤土+接种青枯菌、黏土对照与黏土+接种青枯菌），采用伤根接种法，通过定期采集发病植株和土壤样品，统计植株发病率、测定土壤理化性质和微生物多样性。结果表明：（1）接种青枯菌后番茄植株均出现青枯病症状，壤土、砂土、黏土发病率分别为：52.3%、77.9%、95.1%，病情指数分别为：20.3、52.1、83.2；（2）患病植株中壤土pH值远低于砂土和黏土；砂土和壤土pH值与发病率显著负相关（P<0.05），土壤有机质、有效磷含量均与发病率呈负相关；（3）发病植株所在土壤细菌α多样性指标比健康植株所在土壤更低，砂土芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）相对丰度高于壤土和黏土，黏土中雷尔氏菌属（Ralstonia）、德沃斯氏菌属（Devosia）、中慢生根瘤菌属（Mesorhizobium）、慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium）、硝化螺菌属（Nitrospira）、unclassified_Gemmatimonadaceae属与Haliangium属相对丰度比砂土和壤土高；壤土中与土壤养分有关的苔藓杆菌属（Bryobacter）、地杆菌属（Terrabacter）相对丰度均高于砂土和黏土。综上说明海南农田不同质地砖红壤番茄青枯病发病率不同，且土壤pH值是影响发病率的关键因素，番茄青枯病的发生会导致土壤有机质和有效磷的流失，同时会降低土壤细菌多样性。

关键词: 青枯病, 砖红壤, 理化性质, 细菌多样性

Abstract:

The bacterial wilt disease has a significant impact on the agricultural soil environment. In order to investigate the relationship among different types of texture of latosols and their bacterial communities in cropland in Hainan, this study selected six treatment groups (sand control, sand+inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum, loam control, loam+inoculated with R.solanacearum, clay control, and clay+inoculated with R. solanacearum) from latosols experimental fields of three different types of texture, selected root injury inoculation method, and collected diseased plants and soil samples regularly to count plant incidence rate and to test soil physical and chemical properties and microbial diversity. The results showed that (1) tomato plants all showed symptoms of bacterial wilt after inoculation with R. solanacearum, with disease incidences of 52.3%, 77.9%, and 95.1%, respectively, and disease indexes of 20.2, 52.1, and 83.2, respectively, from loam, sand, and clay; (2) the pH value of loam soil in diseased plants was much lower than that of sand and clay, the pH value of sandy soil and loam soil was significantly and negatively correlated with the incidence rate (P<0.05), and the content of soil organic matter and available phosphorus in all test soils was negatively correlated with the incidence rate; (3) the α diversity index of soil bacteria in the diseased plants' rhizosphere was lower than that in healthy plants' rhizosphere, the relative abundance of Bacillus in the sand was higher than that in loam and clay, the relative abundance of Ralstonia, Devosia, Mesorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Nitrospira, unclassified_Gemmatimonadaceae and Haliangium genus in clay was higher than that in sand and loam, Bryobacter and Terrabacter were related to soil nutrients, and the relative abundance of Bryobacter and Terrabacter in loam was higher than in sand and clay. In summary, the incidence rates of tomato bacterial wilt in different types of latosols in cropland in Hainan are different, and the soil pH value is the key factor affecting the incidence rate. The occurrence of tomato bacterial wilt may lead to the loss of soil organic matter and available phosphorus and may reduce the soil bacterial diversity.

Key words: bacterial wilt, latosol, physicochemical properties, bacterial diversity

中图分类号:

李海鹏, 黄月华, 孙晓东, 曹启民, 符芳兴, 孙楚涵. 海南农田不同质地砖红壤及其细菌群落与番茄青枯病发生的关联分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(6): 1062-1069.

LI Haipeng, HUANG Yuehua, SUN Xiaodong, CAO Qimin, FU Fangxing, SUN Chuhan. Correlation Analysis of the Occurrence of the Tomato Bacterial Wilt and Different Types of Texture of Latosols and Its Bacterial Community in Cropland in Hainan[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(6): 1062-1069.

图/表 7

表1 试验期间田地环境概况

Table1 The survey results of field environment during the experiment

土壤质地	日均气温/℃	日均降雨量/mm	采样地	气候
砂土	19.7	2.75	文城	热带季风气候
黏土	19.5	1.64	永发	热带季风气候
壤土	20.0	2.56	大成	热带季风气候

表2 各质地土壤番茄植株发病率及病情指数

Table 2 Disease incidence and disease severity index of three different textural soil

处理组	D/%¹⁾	D_i²⁾
砂土对照组	0	0
壤土对照组	0	0
黏土对照组	0	0
砂土处理组	77.9±4.9B³⁾	52.1±5.7B
壤土处理组	52.3±11.3C	20.3±2.4C
黏土处理组	95.1±4.8A	83.2±12.2A

表3 3种质地土壤理化性质比较

Table 3 Comparison of physicochemical properties among three different textural soil

土壤理化性质	处理组	土壤质地
土壤理化性质	处理组	砂土		壤土		黏土
pH	对照组	5.41±0.04B¹⁾	**²⁾	4.84±0.09C	**	5.79±0.05A	ns
pH	处理组	5.05±0.06B	**²⁾	4.39±0.04C	**	5.79±0.14A	ns
w_(OM)/ ‰	对照组	7.20±0.98B	ns²⁾	15.40±1.48aA	ns	17.57±1.89aA	ns
w_(OM)/ ‰	处理组	7.10±1.41B	ns²⁾	13.70±0.36aA	ns	16.90±2.36aA	ns
w_(AN)/ (mg·kg^-1)	对照组	68.83±5.60B	ns	138.47±12.03aA	ns	137.43±19.26aA	ns
w_(AN)/ (mg·kg^-1)	处理组	73.83±2.42b	ns	128.93±19.35ab	ns	147.50±17.14a	ns
w_(AP)/ (mg·kg^-1)	对照组	55.30±7.84A	ns	17.32±3.22bB	ns	3.83±1.26cB	ns
w_(AP)/ (mg·kg^-1)	处理组	47.13±5.79aA	ns	14.53±4.56bB	ns	3.67±0.06bB	ns
w_(AK)/ (mg·kg^-1)	对照组	39.30±8.78C	ns	73.04±6.71B	ns	129.97±14.40A	* ²⁾
w_(AK)/ (mg·kg^-1)	处理组	27.97±6.16C	ns	62.23±9.36B	ns	182.93±17.52A	* ²⁾
SP/ %	对照组	45.43±2.00B	ns	56.13±1.84aA	ns	59.68±3.61aA	*
SP/ %	处理组	43.37±4.04a	ns	48.39±7.52a	ns	51.90±2.92a	*

表4 3种质地土壤细菌α多样性指数比较

Table 4 Comparison of the α microbial diversity among three different textural soil

土壤α多样性指数	处理组	砂土	显著性标记	壤土	显著性标记	黏土	显著性标记
Shannon	对照组	9.29±0.03bB	**	8.97±0.23cB	*	9.51±0.09aA	ns
Shannon	处理组	8.17±0.08cB	**	8.44±0.14bB	*	9.38±0.10A	ns
Chao1	对照组	2117.55±35.24aA	**	1621.72±99.54B	*	2156.47±10.15aA	*
Chao1	处理组	1761.48±43.87B	**	1330.85±55.02C	*	2074.57±41.19A	*

图1 青枯病发生后各质地土壤细菌群落在属水平相对丰度前10名的物种组成图中细菌相对丰度为其所属土壤样本中在属水平上相对丰度超过0.1%的细菌群落总和的比例，LSCK：砂土对照组，LLCK：壤土对照组，LCCK：黏土对照组，LSIRS：砂土处理组，LLIRS：壤土处理组，LCIRS：黏土处理组。下同 Bryobacter：苔藓杆菌属；Massilia：马赛菌属；Sinomonas：中华单胞菌属；Sphingomonas：鞘氨醇杆菌属；unclassified_Gemmatimonadaceae，unclassified_Acidobacteriales，Burkholderia_Caballeronia_Paraburkholderia，unclassified_ Micrococcaceae，unclassified_Bacteria未找到中文名

Figure 1 The soil bacterial communities in different textural soil were composed of the species with top 10 highest relative abundance at the genus level after occurence of bacterial wilt

图2 青枯病发生后各质地土壤对照与接种青枯菌处理组间差异显著细菌群落在属水平上相对丰度热图 Acidibacter：酸杆菌属；Bacillus：芽孢杆菌属；Devosia：德沃斯氏菌属；Mesorhizobium：中慢生根瘤菌；Noviherbaspirillum：新草螺菌属；Nitrospira：硝化螺菌属；Ralstonia：雷尔氏菌属；Nocardioides：类诺卡氏菌属；Terrabacter：地杆菌属；Bradyrhizobium：慢生根瘤菌属；Gemmatimonas：芽单胞菌属；Haliangium, Candidatus_Solibacter未找到中文名

Figure 2 Heat map of the relative abundance of soil bacterial communities in different textural soil with the significant difference between the control and inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum treatment at the genus level

图3 不同质地土壤发病率与环境因子的相关分析以及各处理组理化、微生物α多样性指标的PCoA分析

Figure 3 Correlation analysis of different textural soils’ disease incidence and soil environmental factors and the PCoA analysis of each treatments’ physicochemical and microbial α diversity indicators

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海南农田不同质地砖红壤及其细菌群落与番茄青枯病发生的关联分析

Correlation Analysis of the Occurrence of the Tomato Bacterial Wilt and Different Types of Texture of Latosols and Its Bacterial Community in Cropland in Hainan

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