典型感潮河网浮游藻类功能群时空变化特征及水质评价

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.04.013

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 756-765.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.04.013

典型感潮河网浮游藻类功能群时空变化特征及水质评价

于菲(), 曾海龙, 房怀阳, 付玲芳, 林澍(), 董家豪

生态环境部华南环境科学研究所/国家水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室/广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室，广东广州 510655

收稿日期:2023-02-16 出版日期:2023-04-18 发布日期:2023-07-12
通讯作者: *E-mail: linshu@scies.org
作者简介:于菲（1994年生），女，工程师，硕士，研究方向为水环境与水生态。E-mail: 547296686@qq.com
基金资助:
广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B1111350001)

Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics of Phytoplankton Functional Groups and Water Quality Evaluation in the Typical Tidal River Network

YU Fei(), ZENG Hailong, FANG Huaiyang, FU Lingfang, LIN Shu(), DONG Jiahao

National Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control/South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510535, P. R. China

Received:2023-02-16 Online:2023-04-18 Published:2023-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将形态、生理和生态特征相似的浮游藻类归为一组提出的功能群理论，可以从物种功能性的角度评价，更好预测水生态系统的变化。然而，目前该理论多应用于湖泊和水库，在复杂且受潮汐影响的感潮河网，浮游藻类功能群的研究相对不足。以中国大型感潮河网区珠江三角洲河网的腹地为研究区域，分析不同水期和涨退潮对该区域浮游藻类功能群的影响，探讨其时空变化特征及指示作用。结果显示，研究区域水体中共鉴定出浮游藻类127种，隶属于25个功能群，对应枯水期（1月）和丰水期（7月）的平均丰度分别为24.0×10⁵ ind?L^?1和52.7×10⁵ ind?L^?1。枯水期的优势功能群为P、J、MP，而丰水期的优势功能群为J、P、S1。浮游藻类的群落结构在不同水期有显著差异，但在涨退潮无显著差异，优势功能群组成一致。冗余分析结果表明，优势功能群与高锰酸盐指数、总磷、总氮、浊度、渠道化程度呈正相关，与溶解氧、透明度、植被覆盖度呈负相关。各样点浮游藻类功能群组成的相似性在枯水期主要受样点间的距离和潮汐的影响较大，而在丰水期受闸坝阻隔的影响更显著。基于功能群组成的聚类分析结果与基于水质指标的富营养评价结果一致。浮游藻类的Shannon-Wiener指数与Margalef指数表现出相似的变化趋势（r=0.933，P=0.000），但与Pielou指数的相关性不显著（r=0.203，P=0.187）。综上，研究区域水体现正处于中-富营养型，丰水期水质稍好于枯水期。该研究可为了解感潮河网区浮游藻类功能群对水生态系统变化的响应提供参考，为感潮河网水生态管理和保护提供科学依据。

关键词: 感潮河网, 浮游藻类, 群落结构, 功能群, 时空变化

Abstract:

The concept of functional groups, which categorizes phytoplankton species based on their similar morphological, physiological, and ecological characteristics, has been widely adopted to assess and predict changes in aquatic environments. The functional grouping methods have been wildly applied in lakes and reservoirs, while their application in tidal river networks has been limited due to the complex hydrodynamic processes and mass transport involved. Herein, systematic surveys on water quality and phytoplankton were carried out, and the effects of tidal action were studied in the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta during the low and high water periods in 2022. As a result, a total of 127 phytoplankton species belonging to 25 functional groups were identified. The average density of the low water period (January) and high water period (July) was 24.0×10⁵ ind?L^?1 and 52.7×10⁵ ind?L^?1, respectively. The predominant functional groups were P, J and MP in the low water period and shifted to J, P and S1 in the high water period which demonstrated obvious seasonal dynamics (q= ?12.636, P=0.000) but no significant difference between the tidal process (q= ?0.858, P=0.545). According to the results of redundancy analysis, the dominant functional groups were positively correlated with permanganate index, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, turbidity and channelization degree, and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen, transparency and vegetation coverage. The similarity of phytoplankton structure among sampling sites was affected by distance and tide during the low water period, while the influence of dams became more prominent during the high water period due to increased upstream runoff. The results of cluster analysis based on phytoplankton functional groups were basically consistent with eutrophic evaluation using a logarithmic power function. The Shannon-Wiener index showed similar variations with Margalef index (r=0.933, P=0.000), although no significant correlation was found with the Pielou index (r=0.203, P=0.187). The overall assessment indicated that the water bodies in the tidal river network were in the meso-eutrophic state, with slightly better water quality during the high water period compared to the low water period. This study provides valuable insights into understanding the response of phytoplankton functional groups to water ecosystems and offers a scientific foundation for water ecological management and protection in tidal river networks.

Key words: tidal river network, phytoplankton, community structure, functional groups, spatio-temporal variation

中图分类号:

X173
X52

于菲, 曾海龙, 房怀阳, 付玲芳, 林澍, 董家豪. 典型感潮河网浮游藻类功能群时空变化特征及水质评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(4): 756-765.

YU Fei, ZENG Hailong, FANG Huaiyang, FU Lingfang, LIN Shu, DONG Jiahao. Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics of Phytoplankton Functional Groups and Water Quality Evaluation in the Typical Tidal River Network[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(4): 756-765.

图/表 10

图1 感潮河网采样断面分布

Figure 1 Distribution of sampling sections in the tidal river network

图2 样点渠道化岸线比例和缓冲带植被覆盖度

Figure 2 Channelization degree and vegetation coverage of sampling sites

图3 感潮河网样点枯、丰水期水环境参数

Figure 3 Water environment parameters of sampling sites in the tidal river network during low and high water period

图4 感潮河网样点枯、丰水期浮游藻类多样性指数

Figure 4 Diversity indexes of sampling sites in the tidal river network during low and high water period

图5 感潮河网样点枯、丰水期浮游藻类功能群丰度、生物量

Figure 5 Density and biomass of phytoplankton of sampling sites in the tidal river network during low and high water period

表1 感潮河网浮游藻类功能群和优势度（Y>2.00×10?2）

Table 1 Phytoplankton functional groups and their dominance (Y>2.00×10?2) in the tidal river network

功能群	代表性种 (属)	生境特征	耐受	敏感	优势度 (×10⁻²)
功能群	代表性种 (属)	生境特征	耐受	敏感	枯水期	丰水期
B	Cyclotella bodanica	中营养、中小型或大型浅水水体	低光照	pH升高、硅元素缺乏、水体分层	7.49	2.70
B	Cyclotella sp.	中营养、中小型或大型浅水水体	低光照	pH升高、硅元素缺乏、水体分层	7.49	2.70
D	Synedra actinastroides	含有营养盐、浑浊	冲刷	营养缺乏	6.07	6.28
D	Nitzschia palea	含有营养盐、浑浊	冲刷	营养缺乏	6.07	6.28
G	Eudorina sp.	富营养、停滞水体	高光照	营养盐缺乏		3.52
G	Pandorina morum	富营养、停滞水体	高光照	营养盐缺乏		3.52
J	Scenedesmus sp.	高营养、混合、浅水		高光照	19.8	17.8
J	Pediastrum simplex	高营养、混合、浅水		高光照	19.8	17.8
MP	Gyrosigma sp.	经常性搅动、浑浊、浅水	混合搅动		11.8	7.04
MP	Navicula sp.	经常性搅动、浑浊、浅水	混合搅动		11.8	7.04
P	Aulacoseira granulata	持续或半持续的混合水层	中程度的低光照和低碳含量	水体分层、硅元素	21.6	16.6
P	Melosira sp.	持续或半持续的混合水层	中程度的低光照和低碳含量	水体分层、硅元素	21.6	16.6
S1	Planktothrix sp.	混合浑浊、透明度低	极低的光照	冲刷作用	2.06	9.50
S1	Pseudanabaena sp.	混合浑浊、透明度低	极低的光照	冲刷作用	2.06	9.50
T	Psephonema sp.	持续混合水层	低光照	营养缺乏		3.01
T	Planctonema lauterbornii	持续混合水层	低光照	营养缺乏		3.01
X1	Schroederia sp.	超富营养、浅水	分层	营养缺乏、滤食作用	2.19	5.77
X1	Ankistrodesmus sp.	超富营养、浅水	分层	营养缺乏、滤食作用	2.19	5.77
Y	Cryptomonas ovata	静水环境	低光照	吞噬作用	1.71	2.56
Y	Cryptomonas erosa	静水环境	低光照	吞噬作用	1.71	2.56

图6 浮游藻类枯、丰水期功能群聚类分析结果

Figure 6 Cluster analysis of phytoplankton functional groups during low and high water period

图7 浮游藻类枯、丰水期优势功能群与环境因子的RDA分析

Figure 7 RDA analysis of dominant functional groups and environment factors during low and high water period

图8 浮游藻类群落结构在涨退潮的差异性分析

Figure 8 Paired comparison of phytoplankton structure during the ebb and flow

图9 RG-01浮游藻类功能群结构变化

Figure 9 Variation of phytoplankton structure in RG-01

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典型感潮河网浮游藻类功能群时空变化特征及水质评价

Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics of Phytoplankton Functional Groups and Water Quality Evaluation in the Typical Tidal River Network

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