不同土壤水分下元素化学计量对微生物多样性的塑造特征

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.05.008

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 898-909.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.05.008

不同土壤水分下元素化学计量对微生物多样性的塑造特征

陈俊芳¹^,²(), 吴宪¹^,², 刘啸林¹^,², 刘娟³, 杨佳绒¹^,², 刘宇¹^,²^,^*()

1.华东师范大学-阿尔伯塔大学生物多样性联合实验室/华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院，上海 200241
2.浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，浙江宁波 315114
3.白浮图镇农林中心，山东成武 274200

收稿日期:2022-09-30 出版日期:2023-05-18 发布日期:2023-08-09
通讯作者: *刘宇，E-mail: yuliu@des.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:陈俊芳（1999年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为土壤微生物生态。E-mail: junfangchen163@163.com
基金资助:
钱江源-百山祖国家公园百山祖管理局科研项目基金;国家自然科学基金项目(31670531);国家自然科学基金项目(32071645)

Shaping Characteristics of Elemental Stoichiometry on Microbial Diversity under Different Soil Water Contents

CHEN Junfang¹^,²(), WU Xian¹^,², LIU Xiaolin¹^,², LIU Juan³, YANG Jiarong¹^,², LIU Yu¹^,²^,^*()

1. ECNU-UAlberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study/School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
2. Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, Ningbo 315114, P. R. China
3. Agroforestry Center of Baifu Town, Chengwu 274200, P. R. China

Received:2022-09-30 Online:2023-05-18 Published:2023-08-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤元素化学计量特征在塑造微生物多样性方面起着至关重要的作用，而元素化学计量受到土壤含水量的影响。为探究不同土壤水分条件下，有机碳（OC）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）及其元素化学计量特征（C:N、C:P和N:P）如何影响土壤微生物多样性，在浙江省20 hm²亚热带森林动态监测样地内共采集1287份土壤样品。利用Illumina高通量测序技术测定了土壤细菌和真菌的群落组成，并结合土壤理化性质，分析了不同土壤水分下元素和元素化学计量与微生物群落的关系。结果表明，土壤水分能改变元素化学计量特征，进而塑造细菌和真菌群落的多样性。其中，（1）土壤水分显著影响微生物群落的α多样性。相较于高土壤水分，在低土壤水分下，细菌和真菌群落的α多样性分别显著提高了0.830%和2.62%。（2）细菌和真菌的主要门类对土壤水分表现出差异化响应。相较于低土壤水分，高土壤水分显著提高了细菌5个门类和真菌2个门类的相对丰度；并且显著降低了细菌7个门类和真菌2个门类的相对丰度。（3）土壤元素含量和元素化学计量特征与土壤水分呈显著正相关关系。（4）元素化学计量C:N、C:P和N:P与微生物多样性呈显著负相关关系，其相关性不受土壤含水量的影响。综上所述，土壤元素化学计量塑造微生物多样性，且土壤水分的高低并不改变其整体变化趋势。该研究验证了土壤水分对元素化学计量的影响，有助于提高微生物多样性如何响应全球气候变暖引起的土壤水分变化的理解。

关键词: 气候变化, 土壤水分, 元素化学计量, 微生物多样性

Abstract:

It is well known that soil elemental stoichiometry, strongly dependent on soil water contents, plays an important role in shaping soil microbial diversity, which in turn is important for promoting aboveground biodiversity. However, it is not yet clear how soil water contents-mediated changes in elemental stoichiometry may affect microbial diversity. In this study, we sampled 1287 soil cores from a 20 hm² subtropical forest dynamic plot in Zhejiang Province to elucidate how resource quantity (OC, TN and TP) and elemental stoichiometry (C:N, C:P and N:P ratios) affected soil microbial community under different soil water contents that were the relatively “high” (75.5%-34.8%) level vs. the relatively “low” (34.8%-4.83%) level. Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze soil microbes. Results showed that soil water contents altered soil elemental stoichiometry, thereby microbial diversity. Our specific results included that (1) soil water contents significantly affected the α diversity of soil microbes. Compared with that under high water contents, the α diversity of bacterial and fungal communities under low water contents was significantly increased by 0.830% and 2.62%, respectively. (2) The dominant microbial phyla responded differently to high vs. low water contents. Compared with low water contents, high water contents significantly increased the relative abundance of five bacterial phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, WPS and Cyanobacteria) and two fungal phyla (Rozellomycota and Zygomycota) by 6.50%-97.4% and 0.530%-39.7%, respectively. Conversely, the relative abundances of seven bacterial phyla (Acidobacteria, Verrucomiocrobia, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Patescibacteria and Elusimicrobia) and two fungal phyla (Ascomycota and Glomeromycota) were significantly decreased under high water contents, with decreases of 6.90%-39.7% and 7.09%-7.33%, respectively. (3) The resource quantity (OC, TN and TP) and elemental stoichiometry (C:N, C:P and N:P) were significantly and positively correlated with soil water contents. (4) The C:N, C:P and N:P were significantly and negatively correlated with microbial diversities, regardless of soil water contents. These findings combined indicate that soil elemental stoichiometry is critical for shaping soil microbial diversity and soil water contents do not alter the trend. Our study that tested the effect of soil water contents on soil elemental stoichiometry may contribute to improving our understanding of how the microbial diversity would respond to the change in soil water contents caused by global warming.

Key words: climate change, soil water content, elemental stoichiometry, microbial diversity

中图分类号:

S154.36
X172

陈俊芳, 吴宪, 刘啸林, 刘娟, 杨佳绒, 刘宇. 不同土壤水分下元素化学计量对微生物多样性的塑造特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(5): 898-909.

CHEN Junfang, WU Xian, LIU Xiaolin, LIU Juan, YANG Jiarong, LIU Yu. Shaping Characteristics of Elemental Stoichiometry on Microbial Diversity under Different Soil Water Contents[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(5): 898-909.

图/表 10

图1 气候变化背景下土壤元素和化学计量与微生物多样性关系的框架图

Figure 1 An illustrative framework of the linkages between elemental stoichiometry and soil microbial diversity under climate change

表1 土壤水分与细菌和真菌群落组成的关系（曼特尔检验）

Table 1 Relationship of soil moisture and community composition of bacteria and fungi (Mantel test)

类别	r	P
细菌	0.34	0.001
真菌	0.16	0.001

图2 不同土壤水分下细菌和真菌群落的α多样性 “***”代表P<0.001；“*”代表P<0.05

Figure 2 The α diversities of bacterial and fungal community under relatively high vs. low water contents

图3 细菌和真菌群落的β多样性

Figure 3 The β diversities of bacterial and fungal community

图4 不同土壤水分下细菌和真菌群落组成 Others指相对丰度<0.5%的类群

Figure 4 Bacterial and fungal community compositions at phylum-level under relatively high vs. low water contents

图5 细菌和真菌主要类群的相对丰度在不同水分条件下的差异对比 “****”代表P<0.0001，“***”代表P<0.001，“**”代表P<0.01，“*”代表P<0.05，ns代表无显著性

Figure 5 Comparisons of the relative abundance of bacterial and fungal major groups under relatively high vs. low water contents

图6 土壤水分与土壤元素和化学计量的关系

Figure 6 Relationships of relatively high vs. low water contents and soil elements and stoichiometry

表2 土壤元素和化学计量在不同土壤水分下的差异比较

Table 2 Comparisons of soil elements and stoichiometry under relatively high vs. low water contents

因子	相对较高水分	相对较低水分	P
全氮	6.30±2.60	3.90±1.10	<0.001
全磷	0.40±0.10	0.31±0.10	<0.001
有机质	109.3±67.4	56.4±21.8	<0.001
碳氮比率	16.8±6.20	14.2±2.50	<0.001
碳磷比率	283.7±152.0	182.6±75.6	<0.001
氮磷比率	16.4±5.70	12.6±4.10	<0.001

图7 不同水分下土壤元素和化学计量与微生物α多样性的关系

Figure 7 Relationships between soil elements and stoichiometry and microbial α diversity under relatively high vs. low water contents

图8 不同水分下土壤元素和化学计量与微生物主要门类的关系 “***”代表P<0.001，“**”代表P<0.01，“*”代表P<0.05

Figure 8 Relationships between soil elements and stoichiometry and the primary microbial phyla under relatively high vs. low water contents

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不同土壤水分下元素化学计量对微生物多样性的塑造特征

Shaping Characteristics of Elemental Stoichiometry on Microbial Diversity under Different Soil Water Contents

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