汾渭平原大气污染时空分布及相关因子分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.010

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 512-523.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.010

汾渭平原大气污染时空分布及相关因子分析

郝永佩¹^,²(), 宋晓伟¹^,^*(), 赵文珺³, 向发敏⁴

1.山西财经大学资源环境学院,山西太原 030006
2.南京大学地理与海洋学院,江苏南京 210046
3.山西财经大学经济学院,山西太原 030006
4.天津天乐国际工程咨询设计有限公司,天津 300202

收稿日期:2021-11-14 出版日期:2022-03-18 发布日期:2022-05-25
通讯作者: *宋晓伟（1987年生）,男,副教授,博士,主要从事大气污染控制模拟研究。E-mail: xiaoweicool9418@126.com
作者简介:郝永佩（1986年生）,女,讲师,博士,研究方向为区域污染防治。E-mail: haoyongpei@sxufe.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(72104132);教育部人文社会科学基金项目(21YJCZH136);山西省哲学社会科学规划课题(2020YJ091);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2020L0251);山西省软科学研究一般项目(2018041049-1)

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Air Pollution and Correlation Factors in Fenwei Plain

HAO Yongpei¹^,²(), SONG Xiaowei¹^,^*(), ZHAO Wenjun³, XIANG Famin⁴

1. College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi University of Finance & Economics, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
2. School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
3. School of Economics, Shanxi University of Finance & Economics, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
4. Tianjin Tianle International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. Tianjin 300202, P. R. China

Received:2021-11-14 Online:2022-03-18 Published:2022-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

汾渭平原已成为中国空气污染最严重的区域之一。为深入探究汾渭平原大气污染物浓度变化特征和相关因子对大气污染物浓度的影响,基于2014—2020年污染物PM_2.5、PM₁₀、NO₂、CO、SO₂和O₃_8 h_max监测数据,利用统计学方法分析了汾渭平原11个城市6种污染物质量浓度的时空变化特征,在此基础上评估其与相关因子之间的关系。结果表明,2014—2020年污染物PM_2.5、PM₁₀、NO₂、CO和SO₂年均质量浓度整体上呈现波动下降趋势,而污染物O₃_8 h_max却呈现上升趋势。污染物质量浓度变化呈现显著的季节性特征,前5种污染物表现为夏季最低,春秋次之,冬季最高特征,而O₃_8 h_max则表现为夏季最高。空间上,污染物PM_2.5、PM₁₀和NO₂空间分布格局呈现南高北低的特征,而CO和SO₂则呈现出中北部城市较高、南部较低的特征;O₃_8 h_max空间分布在2017年前呈现南高北低,2017年后北高南低的特征。人口暴露主要集中在高于55 μg∙m^-3的PM_2.5年均质量浓度中,呈现高密度人口集聚在高污染区的特征;而随着污染物O₃_8 h_max年均质量浓度逐年上升,人口暴露在高浓度O₃污染中的比例逐年上升。气象因子上,各主要污染物浓度年际变化与气温、降水和气压关系密切,除与降水呈现负相关性之外,与其他气象因子的相关关系呈现出不同特征。该研究可为汾渭平原大气污染防控及区域联防治理提供参考。

关键词: 污染物, 时空变化, 人口暴露, 气象因素, 汾渭平原

Abstract:

The Fenwei Plain has become one of the most severely polluted areas in China. In order to further explore the change characteristics of air pollutant concentrations in the Fenwei Plain and the related influencing factors, this study used statistical methods to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of six pollutants from 11 cities in the Fenwei Plain from 2014 to 2020 based on the air quality monitoring data of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, CO, SO₂, and O₃_8 h_max, and evaluate their relationships with related factors. The results showed that the annual average concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, CO, and SO₂ exhibited a downward trend in recent years, while that of O₃_8 h_max showed an upward trend. The pollutant concentrations showed significant seasonal variation characteristics. The PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, CO, and SO₂ had the lowest concentrations in summer, followed by those in spring and autumn, and the highest occurred in winter. However, the concentration of O₃_8 h_max showed an opposite trend. Spatially, the concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and NO₂ in the southern cities were higher than those in the northern cities, while the concentrations of CO and SO₂ were comparatively higher in the central and northern cities and lower in the south cities. Compared to the concentrations of O₃_8 h_max in the norther cities, those in the southern cities were higher before 2017, but lower after 2017. The population exposure was mainly concentrated in the annual average mass concentration of PM_2.5 higher than 55 μg∙m^-3, showing the characteristics of high-density population gathering in highly polluted areas. The proportion of the population exposed to high-concentration of O₃ increased year by year as the annual average concentration of pollutant O₃_8 h_max increased each year. The interannual variation of the concentration of each major pollutant was closely related to temperature, rainfall, and air pressure. The concentration of the major pollutant had a negative correlation with precipitation, but its correlation with the other meteorological factors examined in the study presented different characteristics. This study can provide a reference for the prevention and control of air pollution in the Fenwei Plain.

Key words: air pollution, spatiotemporal variation, population exposure, meteorological factors, Fenwei Plain

中图分类号:

郝永佩, 宋晓伟, 赵文珺, 向发敏. 汾渭平原大气污染时空分布及相关因子分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(3): 512-523.

HAO Yongpei, SONG Xiaowei, ZHAO Wenjun, XIANG Famin. Spatiotemporal Distribution of Air Pollution and Correlation Factors in Fenwei Plain[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(3): 512-523.

图/表 10

图1 汾渭平原空气监测站点分布图

Figure 1 Distribution of air monitoring stations in Fenwei Plain

图2 2014—2020年汾渭平原大气污染物的年际变化

Figure 2 Interannual variations of air pollutants in Fenwei Plain from 2014 to 2020

图3 汾渭平原AQI长序列变化趋势

Figure 3 Long-term trends of AQI sequences in Fenwei Plain

图4 2014—2020年汾渭平原大气污染的月变化图

Figure 4 Monthly variations of air pollutants in Fenwei Plain from 2014 to 2020

图5 2014—2020年中国四大污染区域大气污染物月变化特征图中PRD、YRD、JJJ和FWP分别代表珠三角、珠三角、京津冀和汾渭平原地区

Figure 5 Monthly variations of air pollutants in four regions of China in 2014-2020 PRD, YRD, JJJ, and FWP represents Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, Jing-Jin-Ji, and Fenwei Plain, respectively

图6 2014—2020年汾渭平原大气污染的空间分布图

Figure 6 Spatial distributions of air pollutants in Fenwei Plain from 2014 to 2020

表1 汾渭平原不同年份AQI空间自相关分析

Table 1 AQI spatial autocorrelation analysis of Fenwei Plain in different years

年份 Year	莫兰指数 Moran's I	T值 T value	热点 Hot spot	冷点 Cold spot
2014	0.289	3.214
2015	0.391	4.412	洛阳
2016	0.587	6.723	咸阳、西安	宝鸡
2017	0.761	8.042	西安、咸阳、临汾	宝鸡、铜川
2018	0.714	8.665	西安、咸阳、临汾	宝鸡、铜川
2019	0.703	4.574	西安、咸阳、临汾	宝鸡、铜川、吕梁
2020	0.698	4.051	西安、咸阳、临汾	宝鸡、铜川、吕梁

图7 2014—2020年汾渭平原PM2.5质量浓度区间面积（左）及人口暴露数量（右）占比变化

Figure 7 Changes of PM2.5 annual concentration by range and population exposure in Fenwei Plain from 2014 to 2020

图8 2014—2020年汾渭平原O3_8 h_max质量浓度区间面积（左）及人口暴露数量（右）占比变化

Figure 8 Changes of O3_8 h_max annual concentration by range and population exposure in Fenwei Plain from 2014 to 2020

表2 汾渭平原年尺度主要污染物与气象因子的相关关系

Table 2 Correlations of main pollutants with meteorological factors in Fenwei Plain

气象因子 Meteorological factors	PM_2.5	PM₁₀	NO₂	CO	SO₂	O₃
气温 Air temperature	-0.455^**	-0.384^**	-0.435^**	-0.439^**	-0.424^**	0.728^**
相对湿度 Relative humidity	0.073^**	-0.119^**	-0.114^**	0.011*	-0.251^**	-0.175^**
气压 Air pressure	0.191^**	0.181^**	0.179^**	0.247^**	0.142^**	-0.247^**
降水 Precipitation	-0.109^**	-0.167^**	-0.171^**	-0.073^**	-0.129^**	-0.036^**
风速 Wind velocity	-0.131^**	-0.069^**	0.003*	-0.105^**	0.000*	0.201^**
日照时数 Sunshine duration	-0.069^**	-0.035^**	-0.011*	-0.043^**	0.015*	0.025^**

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汾渭平原大气污染时空分布及相关因子分析

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Air Pollution and Correlation Factors in Fenwei Plain

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