福建省森林植被NEP时空变化及影响因子分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.05.003

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 845-856.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.05.003

福建省森林植被NEP时空变化及影响因子分析

翁升恒¹^,²(), 张玉琴¹^,², 姜冬昕²^,³, 潘卫华¹^,², 李丽纯¹^,²^,^*(), 张方敏⁴

1.福建省气象科学研究所，福建福州 350001
2.福建省灾害天气重点实验室/中国气象局海峡灾害天气重点开放实验室，福建福州 350001
3.福建省气象宣传科普教育中心，福建福州 350001
4.南京信息工程大学应用气象学院气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/江苏省农业气象重点实验室，江苏南京 210044

收稿日期:2023-03-01 出版日期:2023-05-18 发布日期:2023-08-09
通讯作者: *E-mail: 282452503@qq.com
作者简介:翁升恒（1997年生），男，助理工程师，硕士，研究方向为生态气象学。E-mail: 693656304@qq.com
基金资助:
中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2023J046);福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J01439);福建省气象局开放式基金项目(2020K04);福建省气象科学研究所课题(2023001);福建省气象局温室气体与碳中和监测评估研究与技术研发创新团队

Spatio-temporal Changes and Attribution Analysis of Net Ecosystem Productivity in Forest Ecosystem in Fujian Province

WENG Shengheng¹^,²(), ZHANG Yuqin¹^,², JIANG Dongxin²^,³, PAN Weihua¹^,², LI Lichun¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Fangmin⁴

1. Fujian Institute of Meteorological Science, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
2. Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather/Key Laboratory of Straits Severe Weather China Meteorological Administration, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
3. Fujian Meteorological Communication Outreach Education Center, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
4. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China

Received:2023-03-01 Online:2023-05-18 Published:2023-08-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

不断加剧的气候变化和人类活动增加了区域生态系统碳循环研究的不确定性。净生态系统生产力（NEP）能够定量描述陆地生态系统与大气之间的碳交换量，探究区域生态系统NEP的时空变化及对气象、植被等因子的响应有助于明晰区域生态系统碳收支状况和应对气候变化。基于TEC模型和生态系统呼吸模型评估了福建省森林2000-2020年NEP时空格局，并借助地理探测器和贡献率方法探究了福建省NEP时空变化的主要驱动因子。结果表明：（1）2000-2020年福建省森林多年年均NEP为528 g·m^-2，呈极显著的增强趋势。空间分布规律为“高值主要分布在福建南部的内陆地区，低值主要分布在中北部和南部沿海地区”，约48.3%的地区NEP呈显著上升趋势，主要分布在福建省的中部偏西南地区，而仅有1.00%的地区呈显著下降趋势；（2）空间分布上，影响福建省森林NEP的空间分异的主要因子为植被、地形和气象要素。归一化植被指数对森林NEP空间分布的影响最大，是影响福建省森林NEP空间分异的主要驱动因子，其次是地形和太阳辐射，高程的最适区间为891-1491 m，而辐射的最适区间为128-130 W·m^-2。与单因子相比，双因子间的相互作用均增强了对NEP空间分布的影响，其中归一化植被指数与太阳辐射的交互作用对NEP解释力最强；（3）时间变化上，气候与植被因子综合解释了福建省森林NEP年际变化的46.7%，其中归一化植被指数的升高是NEP多年变化的主导因素，而气象因子的变化均对NEP的上升趋势起到了负抑制作用，这说明在“双碳”建设时需要有效提高植被对气候变化的适应能力。

关键词: 福建, 森林, 净生态系统生产力, 时空变化, 影响因子

Abstract:

The intensified climate change and human activities have increased the uncertainty of carbon circulation research in regional ecosystems. Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) could quantitatively describe the carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and atmosphere. Exploring the spatiotemporal changes and impact factors of regional NEP would help clarify the carbon budget of ecosystem and effectively respond to climate change. Based on TEC and ecosystem respiration model, we evaluated the spatiotemporal pattern of forest NEP in Fujian Province from 2000 to 2020. And the main driving factors of spatiotemporal variation of NEP in Fujian Province were explored by geographic detector and contribution rate method. The results showed that (1) the annual average NEP of forest in Fujian Province was 528 g·m^-2, and NEP showed a significant increasing trend from 2000 to 2020. NEP showed a distribution of “higher in southern inland while lower in southern coast and the middle north region.” The areas with significant increases accounted for 48.3%, mainly distributed in the southwestern part of the central part of Fujian Province, while the areas with significant decreases accounted for only 1.00%. (2) For the regional distribution, NEP in Fujian Province was mainly affected by vegetation, topography and meteorological factors. Normalized vegetation index was the main driving factor affecting the spatial differentiation of forest NEP in Fujian Province, followed by terrain and solar radiation. The optimal interval of elevation was 891-1491 m, and the optimal interval of radiation was 128-130 W·m^-2. Compared with the single factor, the interaction between the two factors enhanced the impact on NEP distribution. Among them, the interaction between NDVI and solar radiation had the strongest explanatory power for NEP. (3) Climate and vegetation factors accounted for 46.7% of the interannual variation of forest NEP in Fujian Province. The increase of normalized vegetation index was the leading factor for the annual variation of NEP, while the change of meteorological factors inhibited the upward trend of NEP. This indicated that it is necessary to effectively improve the adaptability of vegetation to climate change to fulfill the “two-carbon” goals.

Key words: Fujian, forest, net ecosystem productivity, temporal and spatial variation, influence factor

中图分类号:

Q948
X173

翁升恒, 张玉琴, 姜冬昕, 潘卫华, 李丽纯, 张方敏. 福建省森林植被NEP时空变化及影响因子分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(5): 845-856.

WENG Shengheng, ZHANG Yuqin, JIANG Dongxin, PAN Weihua, LI Lichun, ZHANG Fangmin. Spatio-temporal Changes and Attribution Analysis of Net Ecosystem Productivity in Forest Ecosystem in Fujian Province[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(5): 845-856.

图/表 12

参考文献 56

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数据类型	数据名称	时间段	分辨率	来源
站点数据	气温、降水、日照时数、相对湿度	2000-2020	-	中国国家气候中心
	武夷山站CO₂通量	2019	-	福建省气象局
	云霄站CO₂通量	2011-2012, 2017-2018	-	已发表文章
栅格数据	土地利用类型	2000, 2005, 2010, 2015	30 m	中科院地理所
	经济、人口	2000, 2005, 2010, 2015	1 km	中科院地理所
	高程	-	1 km	中科院地理所
	归一化植被指数叶面积指数光合有效辐射吸收比	2000-2020	500 m	MOD13A1, MOD15A2H

数据类型	数据名称	时间段	分辨率	来源
站点数据	气温、降水、日照时数、相对湿度	2000-2020	-	中国国家气候中心
	武夷山站CO₂通量	2019	-	福建省气象局
	云霄站CO₂通量	2011-2012, 2017-2018	-	已发表文章
栅格数据	土地利用类型	2000, 2005, 2010, 2015	30 m	中科院地理所
	经济、人口	2000, 2005, 2010, 2015	1 km	中科院地理所
	高程	-	1 km	中科院地理所
	归一化植被指数叶面积指数光合有效辐射吸收比	2000-2020	500 m	MOD13A1, MOD15A2H

交互类型	判据
非线性减弱	Q(X₁∩X₂)<Min(Q(X₁),Q(X₂))
单因子非线性减弱	Min(Q(X₁), Q(X₂))<Q(X₁∩X₂)<Max(Q(X₁), Q(X₂))
双因子增强	Q(X₁∩X₂)>Max(Q(X₁), Q(X₂))
独立	Q(X₁∩X₂)=Q(X₁)+Q(X₂)
非线性增强	Q(X₁∩X₂)>Q(X₁)+Q(X₂)

交互类型	判据
非线性减弱	Q(X₁∩X₂)<Min(Q(X₁),Q(X₂))
单因子非线性减弱	Min(Q(X₁), Q(X₂))<Q(X₁∩X₂)<Max(Q(X₁), Q(X₂))
双因子增强	Q(X₁∩X₂)>Max(Q(X₁), Q(X₂))
独立	Q(X₁∩X₂)=Q(X₁)+Q(X₂)
非线性增强	Q(X₁∩X₂)>Q(X₁)+Q(X₂)

地区	稳定森林面积	净生态系统生产力		净生态系统生产力年总量		净生态系统生产力变化趋势
地区	km²	g·m^-2	排序	Tg	排序	g·m^-2·a^-1	排序
福州市	5961	508	8	3.03	6	3.93	6
龙岩市	12294	560	2	6.88	3	4.83	4
南平市	15050	504	9	7.58	1	4.42	5
宁德市	6665	536	5	3.58	4	3.62	8
莆田市	1571	561	1	0.88	8	3.66	7
泉州市	4901	542	4	2.66	7	5.45	1
三明市	13920	519	7	7.22	2	5.15	3
厦门市	388	553	3	0.21	9	1.84	9
漳州市	5701	533	6	3.04	5	5.43	2
福建省	66451	528	-	35.07	-	4.65	-

福建省森林植被NEP时空变化及影响因子分析

Spatio-temporal Changes and Attribution Analysis of Net Ecosystem Productivity in Forest Ecosystem in Fujian Province

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要素	高程	生产总值	人口总量	归一化植被指数	气温	降水量
太阳辐射	0.300^{** 2)}	0.107^**	0.109^**	0.846^{* 1)}	0.083^**	0.097^*
降水量	0.295^**	0.076^*	0.081^*	0.840^*	0.081^**
气温	0.260^**	0.056^**	0.079^**	0.836^**
归一化植被指数	0.811^*	0.814^*	0.823^*
人口总量	0.253^*	0.041^*
生产总值	0.248^*

统计指标	归一化植被指数	太阳辐射	降水量	气温
相对变化率/%	14.05	-1.83	1.61	1.27
敏感性系数	1.49	0.56	-0.06	-0.06
贡献率/%	44.19	-2.16	-0.20	-0.15

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