生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 610-620.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.020

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

微塑料对有机污染物的吸附-解吸特性及其复合毒性效应研究进展

刘沙沙(), 陈诺, 杨晓茵   

  1. 肇庆学院环境与化学工程学院,广东 肇庆 526061
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-13 出版日期:2022-03-18 发布日期:2022-05-25
  • 作者简介:刘沙沙(1986年生),女,讲师,博士,研究方向为污染环境的微生物修复。E-mail: 2657222877@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42007317);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2019A1515110272);广东省普通高校青年创新人才项目(2018KQNCX294);肇庆学院优秀青年教师科研能力提升计划资助项目(YQ202105);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110580012);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2021091)

Research Progress on Adsorption-Desorption Characteristics of Organic Pollutants by Microplastics and Their Combined Toxic Effects

LIU Shasha(), CHEN Nuo, YANG Xiaoyin   

  1. Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, P. R. China
  • Received:2021-12-13 Online:2022-03-18 Published:2022-05-25

摘要:

微塑料能与有机污染物发生相互作用,可改变有机污染物对生物的毒性效应。已有的文献主要总结微塑料对有机污染物吸附/解吸或二者对生物的复合毒性效应某一方面的研究,缺乏对这两部分内容的系统归纳。文章概括了微塑料特性、环境因素和有机污染物的种类/性质对吸附-解吸的影响:微塑料的分子结构、官能团和结晶度等影响其对有机污染物的吸附和解吸行为;微塑料对有机污染物的吸附/解吸量随粒径的减小而增大;老化过程分别增强和降低微塑料对亲水性和疏水性有机污染物的吸附-解吸效果;微塑料对有机污染物的吸附量随温度、pH和盐度的升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势;含有苯环结构、疏水性强的有机污染物容易吸附在微塑料表面。文章还归纳了微塑料-有机污染物在生物个体、细胞和分子层面上诱发的毒性效应:微塑料会增强或削减有机污染物对水生生物的生长繁殖、免疫系统、活性氧和基因表达等的影响;微塑料的载体作用可促进植物对有机污染物的吸收和转运,对植物的生长、光合作用和防御系统具有协同毒性效应;微塑料与有机污染物联合作用下,微生物的胞外分泌物、细胞生长、结构和功能都会发生变化;微塑料会增强或减弱有机污染物在蚯蚓体内的富集,并诱发蚯蚓的基因表达异常、氧化应激反应和代谢产物的变化等。未来需结合实际环境状况来分析微塑料对有机污染物的吸附-解吸行为,从基因、蛋白质及代谢水平上研究微塑料-有机污染物的联合毒性作用,并探讨塑料添加剂在毒性效应中的贡献。

关键词: 微塑料, 有机污染物, 吸附解吸, 影响因素, 生物, 毒性效应

Abstract:

Microplastics can interact with organic pollutants and change their toxic effects on organisms. The existing literature mainly summarizes research on one single aspect, such as the adsorption/desorption of organic pollutants by microplastics or the combined toxicity of organic pollutants and microplastics. However, a comprehensive review of both issues is absent. This paper summarized the effects of microplastic characteristics, environmental factors, and types/properties of organic pollutants on adsorption-desorption. The molecular structure, functional groups, and crystallinity of microplastics affected their adsorption and desorption of organic pollutants. The capacity of microplastics to adsorb/desorb organic pollutants increased with the decrease of the particle size. The adsorption/desorption ability of microplastics was enhanced by the aging process for hydrophilic organic pollutants, but decreased for hydrophobic organic pollutants. With the increase of temperature, pH and salinity, the adsorption capacity of microplastics towards organic pollutants improved first and then decreased. Organic pollutants with benzene ring structure and strong hydrophobicity were easily adsorbed on the surface of microplastics. In addition, this paper reviewed the joint toxicity of microplastic and organic pollutants for organisms at individual, cellular and molecular levels. Microplastics combined with organic pollutants showed antagonistic or synergistic effects on the growth/reproduction, immune system, reactive oxygen species, and gene expression of aquatic organisms. The carrier function of microplastics could promote the absorption and transport of organic pollutants by plants, leading to synergistic toxic effects on plant growth, photosynthesis, and the defense system. The extracellular secretion, cell growth, structure and function of microorganisms changed in the presence of the combined effects of microplastics and organic pollutants. Microplastics modified (enhanced or weakened) the enrichment of organic pollutants in earthworms, and thus induced abnormal gene expression, oxidative stress response, and the changes of metabolites. In the future, the adsorption-desorption behavior of microplastics on organic pollutants should be analyzed based on the actual environmental conditions. Additionally, the combined toxic effects of microplastic and organic pollutants should be studied at the gene, protein, and metabolic levels. Finally, the contributions of plastic additives to toxic effects should be further examined.

Key words: microplastics, organic pollutants, adsorption and desorption, influential factors, organisms, toxic effect

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