层状包气带“三氮”污染物迁移转化原位实验研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.017

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1208-1214.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.017

层状包气带“三氮”污染物迁移转化原位实验研究

黄金廷¹(), 宋歌¹, 蒲芳¹, 王嘉玮¹, 李宗泽¹, 张方², 孙芳强²

1.西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安 710054
2.中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西西安 710054

收稿日期:2022-02-10 出版日期:2022-06-18 发布日期:2022-07-29
作者简介:黄金廷（1979年生）,男,教授,博士,硕士研究生导师,主要从事水资源可持续开发利用与生态效应的研究工作。Email: hjinting@xust.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42177076);国家自然科学基金项目(41672250);陕西省重点研发项目(2021ZDLSF05-09)

Migration and Transformation of “Three Nitrogen” Pollutants in Multilayer Unsaturated Zone: An in situ Experiment

HUANG Jinting¹(), SONG Ge¹, PU Fang¹, WANG Jiawei¹, LI Zongze¹, ZHANG Fang², SUN Fangqiang²

1. Geology and Environment College, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
2. Xi'an Center of Geological Survey, CGS, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China

Received:2022-02-10 Online:2022-06-18 Published:2022-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究包气带氮污染物迁移转化规律对地下水“三氮”污染防控具有重要意义。由于包气带水分及溶质运移高度非线性且土壤层状界面动力学过程复杂,包气带岩性结构对氮元素迁移转化的作用机制是亟待破解难题之一。文章通过双环原位入渗实验,开展了“上细下粗”型包气带岩性结构对“三氮”污染物迁移转化影响的研究。双环内氨氮溶液质量浓度为85 mg∙L^-1（以N计）,入渗过程中利用EC-5土壤含水率仪实时监测土壤含水率变化,定期从预留取样孔（井）采集土壤与地下水样品,密封冷藏运送至实验室检测。结果表明,（1）“三氮”污染物在层状包气带垂向分布具有明显的分层特征。氨氮主要聚集在包气带上部0—355 cm之间,平均质量分数为0.66 mg∙kg^-1;亚硝酸盐氮主要聚集在包气带中部250—400 cm之间,平均质量分数为1.55 mg∙kg^-1;硝酸盐氮主要聚集在包气带上部0—35 cm之间,平均质量分数为26.69 mg∙kg^-1。（2）“上细下粗”型岩性结构形成的毛细壁垒效应对氨氮和硝酸盐氮皆具阻滞作用。氨氮、硝酸盐氮污染物分别减少97.37%和40.65%。（3）层状包气带结构对硝化作用的影响是造成亚硝酸盐氮与硝酸盐氮出现聚集的主要原因。该研究查明了层状包气带中氮污染物迁移转化规律,为氮元素通过“上细下粗”型包气带污染地下水的防控提供了重要的实验依据。

关键词: “三氮”污染物, 层状包气带, 毛细壁垒, 原位实验, 汉江流域

Abstract:

It is of great significance to explore the migration and transformation of nitrogen pollutants in unsaturated zone for the prevention and control of groundwater pollution. Due to the high nonlinearity of water and solute transport in unsaturated zone and the complexity of soil layered interface dynamics process, the mechanism of nitrogen migration and transformation by the lithological structure of unsaturated zone is one of the most urgent problems to be solved. In this paper, the influence of layered structure (coarse-grained medium covered with fine-grained medium) on the migration and transformation of “three nitrogen” pollutants were investigated through a double-ring in situ infiltration experiment. The mass fraction of ammonia nitrogen solution in double-ring was 85 mg∙L^-1 (N). The EC-5 soil moisture content monitoring was used to monitor and acquire of soil moisture content data during the Infiltration process. Soil and groundwater samples were collected regularly from the reserved sampling holes (wells) in the experimental field, and tested in the laboratory after sealed refrigeration. Research showed that, (1) The vertical distribution of “three nitrogen” pollutants in unsaturated zone had layered distribution characteristics. Ammonia nitrogen pollutants were concentrated between 0 and 355 cm, with an average mass fraction of 0.66 mg∙kg^-1. Nitrite nitrogen pollutants were mainly concentrated in the middle of the unsaturated zone (250 to 400 cm), with an average mass fraction of 1.55 mg∙kg^-1. Nitrate nitrogen pollutants were mainly concentrated on the top of unsaturated zone (0 to 35 cm), with an average mass fraction of 26.69 mg∙kg^-1. (2) Capillary barrier effect formed by coarse-grained medium covered with fine-grained medium structure had retarding effect on ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen pollutants, with removal rates of 97.37% and 40.65%, respectively. (3) The effect of layered unsaturated zone structure on nitrification was the main reason for the aggregation of nitrite and nitrate nitrogen pollutants. This research discovered the migration and transformation law of nitrogen pollutants in the stratified unsaturated zone. It also provided a significant experimental basis for preventing nitrogen from contamination of groundwater through coarse-grained medium covered with fine-grained medium type unsaturated zone.

Key words: “three nitrogen” pollutants, layered unsaturated zone, capillary barriers, in situ experiment, Hanjiang river catchment

中图分类号:

P641
X53

黄金廷, 宋歌, 蒲芳, 王嘉玮, 李宗泽, 张方, 孙芳强. 层状包气带“三氮”污染物迁移转化原位实验研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1208-1214.

HUANG Jinting, SONG Ge, PU Fang, WANG Jiawei, LI Zongze, ZHANG Fang, SUN Fangqiang. Migration and Transformation of “Three Nitrogen” Pollutants in Multilayer Unsaturated Zone: An in situ Experiment[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(6): 1208-1214.

图/表 6

图1 土壤颗粒级配曲线图

Figure 1 Soil particle gradation curve

图2 含水率分布变化图

Figure 2 Distribution of soil water contents

表1 包气带各层土壤液面曲率半径

Table 1 Curvature radius of liquid surface

土壤类型 Soil category	接触角 Contact angle	曲率半径 Curvature radius/mm
粉土 Silty soil	0.957	0.032
中砂 Medium sand	0.033	17.747
砂卵砾石 Sand grave	0.053	319.503

图3 “三氮”污染物质量分数分布等值线图（a）氨氮质量分数分布图;（b）亚硝酸盐氮质量分数分布图;（c）硝酸盐氮质量分数分布图

Figure 3 Contour map of “three nitrogen” pollutant mass fraction (a) Ammonia nitrogen mass fraction; (b) Nitrite nitrogen mass fraction; (c) Nitrate nitrogen mass fraction

表2 各土壤层的Peclet数计算值

Table 2 Peclet number at different soil layer

深度 Depth	氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen	硝酸盐氮 Nitrate nitrogen
0-355 cm (粉土 Silty soil)	23.65	21.92
355-410 cm (中砂 Medium sand)	128.32	118.93
410-640 cm (砂卵砾石 Sand gravel)	1943.05	1800.87

图4 地下水“三氮”污染物质量分数变化趋势图

Figure 4 Change of the groundwater “three nitrogen” pollutant mass fraction

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层状包气带“三氮”污染物迁移转化原位实验研究

Migration and Transformation of “Three Nitrogen” Pollutants in Multilayer Unsaturated Zone: An in situ Experiment

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