生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 740-749.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.04.012

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

COVID-19疫情期间全球气温和主要大气污染物浓度变化的空间关联

易嘉慧1,2(), 何超3, 杨璐1,2, 叶志祥1,2, 田雅1,2, 柯碧钦1,2, 慕航1,2, 涂佩玥4, 韩超然1,2, 洪松1,2,*()   

  1. 1.武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北 武汉 430079
    2.武汉大学/地理信息系统教育部重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430079
    3.长江大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430100
    4.湖北大学资源环境学院,湖北 武汉 430062
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-29 出版日期:2022-04-18 发布日期:2022-06-22
  • 通讯作者: *洪松(1973年生),男,教授,博士,研究方向为环境地学。E-mail: songhongpku@126.com
  • 作者简介:易嘉慧(1999年生),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为环境地学。E-mail: 2020202050003@whu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0212600)

Spatial Correlation between Changes in Global Temperature and Major Air Pollutants during the COVID-19 Pandemic

YI Jiahui1,2(), HE Chao3, YANG Lu1,2, YE Zhixiang1,2, TIAN Ya1,2, KE Biqin1,2, MU Hang1,2, TU Peiyue4, HAN Chaoran1,2, HONG Song1,2,*()   

  1. 1. School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
    2. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
    3. College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, P. R. China
    4. Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
  • Received:2021-11-29 Online:2022-04-18 Published:2022-06-22

摘要:

新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间,全球采取封锁措施给研究气温变化和空气质量变化的关联性提供了机会。基于2015—2020年全球0.1°×0.1°分辨率的气温数据和全球城市逐日主要污染物(PM2.5、NO2和O3)浓度数据,利用空间分析和双变量全局空间自相关等方法,以2015—2019年的滑动平均值为基准值,对比分析了2020年COVID-19疫情期间全球气温和主要大气污染物的时空变化规律,探讨了全球9个区域两者之间的空间关联特征,为制定气候变化和污染物防控政策提供科学参考。结果表明,(1)相比2015—2019年同期基准值,2020年全球气温在COVID-19封锁期间(2020年Q1时段)平均升高0.24 ℃;其中,中亚(1.72 ℃)、东欧和北亚地区(1.70 ℃)2020年年均气温升幅较大;南亚(-0.93 ℃)和北欧(-0.64 ℃)年均气温降幅较大。(2)相比2015—2019年基准值,2020年Q1时段全球PM2.5和NO2浓度分别下降16.41%和29.73%,O3浓度升高7.92%;南亚PM2.5(-22.40 μg·m-3)和NO2(-6.42 μg·m-3)质量浓度下降最显著。对于全球O3质量浓度而言,欧洲显著增加,增幅为2.61 μg·m-3,而亚洲(-0.93 μg·m-3)和北美洲(-1.96 μg·m-3)显著下降。(3)在COVID-19期间各污染物与气温的空间关联性由强及弱依次为O3、NO2和PM2.5。从空间上看,降温区域中,南亚(0.219)和北美洲(0.159)的气温与NO2呈显著空间正相关,各区域气温与O3呈不显著空间关联;升温区域中,北欧(0.558)、南欧(0.406)和西欧(0.284)气温均与O3呈显著空间正相关。疫情封锁期间,大气污染物浓度变化对气温有影响,PM2.5和NO2浓度大幅下降时,当地气温有下降趋势。

关键词: 新冠肺炎(COVID-19), 全球, 气温, 大气污染物, 空间关联

Abstract:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the study of the correlation between changes in temperature and air quality has received increased attention due to the global lockdown, providing scientific references for policy-making in pollutant prevention in the context of climate change. This study applied global temperature data at a 0.1°×0.1° resolution and daily concentration data of major pollutants (i.e., PM2.5, NO2, O3) in global cities from 2015 to 2020, combined with spatial analysis and bivariate global spatial autocorrelation, to reveal temporal-spatial variations of global temperatures and major air pollutant concentrations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The spatial correlations between temperatures and air pollutants in nine regions worldwide were also discussed. The results showed that: (1) compared with the benchmark value from 2015 to 2019, the global temperature in 2020 increased by an average of 0.24 ℃ during the Q1 time period of 2020, and the average temperature in Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and Northern Asia experienced significant increases over time by 1.72 ℃, 1.70 ℃, and 1.70 ℃, respectively, while the average annual temperature in Southern Asia (-0.93 ℃) and Northern Europe (-0.64 ℃) decreased significantly. (2) Compared with the benchmark value from 2015 to 2019, the concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 in the Q1 time period of 2020 decreased by 16.41% and 29.73%, respectively, while those of O3 increased by 7.92%. Concentrations of PM2.5 (-22.40 μg∙m-3) and NO2 (-6.42 μg∙m-3) in Southern Asia decreased most significantly. In terms of global O3 concentrations, Europe experienced the most significant increase (2.61 μg∙m-3), while Asia (-0.93 μg∙m-3) and Northern America (-1.96 μg∙m-3) showed great decreases. (3) The ranking of spatial correlations of each pollutant with air temperature during COVID-19 pandemic was O3>NO2>PM2.5. The temperatures in cool areas, such as Southern Asia (0.219) and Northern America (0.159), had significant positive spatial correlations with NO2, but no significant spatial correlations with O3. In warm areas, significant positive correlations between the temperature and O3 were found in northern Europe (0.558), southern Europe (0.406), and Western Europe (0.284). During the lockdown period in the COVID-19 pandemic, the changes of air pollutant concentrations have had complex impacts on air temperatures. The local temperature showed a decreasing trend when the concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 decreased significantly.

Key words: the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), global, air temperature, air contaminant, spatial correlation.

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