晋城市环境空气中BTEX变化特征及来源

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.009

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 504-511.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.009

晋城市环境空气中BTEX变化特征及来源

李颖慧¹(), 郭前进³, 闫雨龙²^,^*(), 胡冬梅², 邓萌杰², 彭林²

1.山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太原 030031
2.华北电力大学环境科学与工程学院/资源环境系统优化教育部重点实验室,北京 102206
3.晋城市环境监控中心,山西晋城 048000

收稿日期:2020-01-21 出版日期:2022-03-18 发布日期:2022-05-25
通讯作者: *闫雨龙（1986 年生）,男,博士,研究方向为大气环境化学。E-mail: yanyulong@ncepu.edu.cn
作者简介:李颖慧（1986 年生）,女,博士,研究方向为大气环境化学。E-mail: liyinghui2008@hotmail.com;
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0214200);国家自然科学基金项目(41673004);国家自然科学基金项目(21976053);山西省基础研究计划(20210302124475);山西省博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXBYKY2021066)

Variation Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Ambient BTEX in Jincheng City

LI Yinghui¹(), GUO Qianjin³, YAN Yulong²^,^*(), HU Dongmei², DENG Mengjie², PENG Lin²

1. College of Resources and Environmental, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, P. R. China
2. MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization/North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
3. Environmental Monitoring Center of Jincheng City, Jincheng 048000, P. R. China

Received:2020-01-21 Online:2022-03-18 Published:2022-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采集晋城市夏季和冬季环境空气样品,测定苯、甲苯、乙苯、间,对-二甲苯和邻-二甲苯（BTEX）的质量浓度,探讨晋城市环境空气中BTEX日变化特征,运用特征比值法分析BTEX来源,计算BTEX的臭氧和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势,讨论其环境影响。结果表明：观测期间,晋城市夏季和冬季环境空气中BTEX质量浓度分别为10.52 μg∙m^-3和23.60 μg∙m^-3,冬季和夏季环境空气中质量浓度较高的BTEX化合物为苯和甲苯;两个季节日变化峰值均出现在08:00—10:00时段,谷值出现时段存在差异,日变化受机动车排放、光化学反应和边界层影响。夏季X/E值为2.41,冬季X/E值为3.02,夏季受区域传输影响较冬季大,受本地排放影响较冬季小。夏季B/T值为0.95,冬季B/T值为1.46,表明夏季晋城市BTEX主要排放源为机动车源和燃煤源,冬季BTEX主要来自于本地排放的燃煤源;夏季和冬季观测期间,间,对-二甲苯臭氧生成潜势分别为47.51 μg∙m^-3和33.26 μg∙m^-3,甲苯臭氧生成潜势分别为15.48 μg∙m^-3和27.89 μg∙m^-3,间,对-二甲苯二次有机气溶胶生成潜势分别为0.34 μg∙m^-3和0.24 μg∙m^-3,甲苯二次有机气溶胶生成潜势分别为0.24 μg∙m^-3和0.43 μg∙m^-3,甲苯和间,对-二甲苯为臭氧生成潜势和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势较高的BTEX物种。因此,夏季控制机动车排放和燃煤排放,冬季控制本地燃煤排放,特别是控制甲苯和间,对-二甲苯的排放是降低晋城市环境空气中BTEX浓度、改善臭氧污染和二次有机气溶胶污染的有效手段。

关键词: 晋城, BTEX, 比值分析, 臭氧生成潜势, 二次有机气溶胶潜势

Abstract:

Air samples were collected in Jincheng city during summer and winter. Concentration characteristics of Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene（BTEX）compounds were measured and analyzed. Ratio analysis was used to investigate the source of BTEX, and the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAp) were calculated to analyze its environmental impacts. The results showed that the BTEX concentration was 10.52 μg∙m^-3 in summer and 23.60 μg∙m^-3 in winter during the observation period. The diurnal variation of BTEX showed that the peak values in both seasons occurred from 8:00 to 10:00, suggesting that the diurnal variation was affected by vehicle emissions, photochemical reactions, and boundary layers. The X/E ratio was 2.41 in summer and 3.02 in winter, indicating that the influence of regional transmission on BTEX in summer was larger than that in winter. The B/T ratio during the observation period in summer and winter were 0.95 and 1.46, respectively. According to the ratio analysis, the main sources of BTEX in Jincheng city were vehicle emission and coal consumption, while in winter BTEX mainly came from local coal consumption. Toluene and m, p-xylene were dominant compounds with higher OFP and SOAp. The OFP of m, p-Xylene was 47.51 μg∙m^-3 and 33.26 μg∙m^-3, while the OFP of toluene was 15.48 μg∙m^-3 and 27.89 μg∙m^-3 in summer and winter, respectively. The SOAp of m, p-Xylene was 0.34 μg∙m^-3 and 0.24 μg∙m^-3, and the SOAp of toluene was 0.24 μg∙m^-3 and 0.43 μg∙m^-3 in summer and winter, respectively. Therefore, controlling vehicle emissions and coal consumption in summer and coal consumption in winter are effective ways to reduce BTEX pollution in Jincheng city.

Key words: Jincheng city, BTEX, ratio analysis, ozone formation potential, secondary organic aerosol formation potential

中图分类号:

李颖慧, 郭前进, 闫雨龙, 胡冬梅, 邓萌杰, 彭林. 晋城市环境空气中BTEX变化特征及来源[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(3): 504-511.

LI Yinghui, GUO Qianjin, YAN Yulong, HU Dongmei, DENG Mengjie, PENG Lin. Variation Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Ambient BTEX in Jincheng City[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(3): 504-511.

图/表 9

参考文献 23

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城市 City	苯 Benzene	甲苯Toluene	乙苯 Ethylbenzene	间,对-二甲苯m, p-Xylene	邻-二甲苯o-Xylene	∑BTEX	文献 Literature
哈尔滨 Haerbin	2.93	2.78	0.75	1.23	0.48	8.17	张振江等, 2013
天津 Tianjin	3.96	2.21	1.27	1.58	0.62	9.64	姚青等, 2017
长春 Changchun	4.59	3.65	1.5	2.02	0.75	12.51	张振江等, 2013
济南 Ji'nan	2.42	4.33	1.28	4.61		12.64	Liu et al., 2016
北京 Beijing	8.9	12.4	4	3.5	2.7	31.7	孙杰等, 2011
南京 Nanjing	11.81	12.06	9.73		5.14	38.72	张玉欣等, 2017
晋城 Jincheng	6.92	5.42	1.24	2.50	0.98	17.07	本研究

城市 City	苯 Benzene	甲苯Toluene	乙苯 Ethylbenzene	间,对-二甲苯m, p-Xylene	邻-二甲苯o-Xylene	∑BTEX	文献 Literature
哈尔滨 Haerbin	2.93	2.78	0.75	1.23	0.48	8.17	张振江等, 2013
天津 Tianjin	3.96	2.21	1.27	1.58	0.62	9.64	姚青等, 2017
长春 Changchun	4.59	3.65	1.5	2.02	0.75	12.51	张振江等, 2013
济南 Ji'nan	2.42	4.33	1.28	4.61		12.64	Liu et al., 2016
北京 Beijing	8.9	12.4	4	3.5	2.7	31.7	孙杰等, 2011
南京 Nanjing	11.81	12.06	9.73		5.14	38.72	张玉欣等, 2017
晋城 Jincheng	6.92	5.42	1.24	2.50	0.98	17.07	本研究

化合物 Compounds	太原 Taiyuan			长治 Changzhi			本研究 Jincheng
化合物 Compounds	夏季 Summer	冬季 Winter	均值 Average	夏季 Summer	冬季 Winter	均值 Average	夏季 Summer	冬季 Winter	均值 Average
苯 Benzene	4.22	11.30	7.76	2.21	3.94	3.08	3.66	10.19	6.92
甲苯 Toluene	2.07	6.32	4.20	1.51	1.48	1.49	3.87	6.97	5.42
乙苯 Ethylbenzene	1.53	4.9	3.22	0.61	0.49	0.55	0.88	1.6	1.24
间,对-二甲苯 m, p-Xylene	2.34	11.03	6.69	1.15	1.09	1.13	1.61	3.39	2.50
邻-二甲苯 o-Xylene	0.57	4.08	2.33	0.33	0.37	0.35	0.50	1.45	0.98
∑BTEX	10.72	37.63	24.17	5.81	7.37	6.59	10.52	23.60	17.07

化合物 Compounds	太原 Taiyuan			长治 Changzhi			本研究 Jincheng
化合物 Compounds	夏季 Summer	冬季 Winter	均值 Average	夏季 Summer	冬季 Winter	均值 Average	夏季 Summer	冬季 Winter	均值 Average
苯 Benzene	4.22	11.30	7.76	2.21	3.94	3.08	3.66	10.19	6.92
甲苯 Toluene	2.07	6.32	4.20	1.51	1.48	1.49	3.87	6.97	5.42
乙苯 Ethylbenzene	1.53	4.9	3.22	0.61	0.49	0.55	0.88	1.6	1.24
间,对-二甲苯 m, p-Xylene	2.34	11.03	6.69	1.15	1.09	1.13	1.61	3.39	2.50
邻-二甲苯 o-Xylene	0.57	4.08	2.33	0.33	0.37	0.35	0.50	1.45	0.98
∑BTEX	10.72	37.63	24.17	5.81	7.37	6.59	10.52	23.60	17.07

季节 Season	化合物 Compounds	苯 Benzene	甲苯 Toluene	乙苯 Ethylbenzene	间,对-二甲苯 m, p-Xylene	邻-二甲苯 o-Xylene
夏季 Summer	苯	1
	甲苯	0.39	1
	乙苯	0.47	0.75	1
	间,对-二甲苯	0.46	0.66	0.90	1
	邻-二甲苯	0.47	0.61	0.81	0.93	1
冬季 Winter	苯	1
	甲苯	0.74	1
	乙苯	0.75	0.93	1
	间,对-二甲苯	0.75	0.89	0.82	1
	邻-二甲苯	0.81	0.90	0.93	0.94	1

晋城市环境空气中BTEX变化特征及来源

Variation Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Ambient BTEX in Jincheng City

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化合物 Compounds	生成系数 F/%	反应分数 Fr/%	最大增量反应活性系数 M	质量浓度 ρ/(μg∙m^-3)		二次有机气溶胶生成潜势 ρ_(SOAp)/(μg∙m^-3)		臭氧生成潜势 ρ_(OFP)/(μg∙m^-3)
化合物 Compounds	生成系数 F/%	反应分数 Fr/%	最大增量反应活性系数 M	夏季 Summer	冬季 Winter	夏季 Summer	冬季 Winter	夏季 Summer	冬季 Winter
苯 Benzene	2.0	10	0.7	3.66	10.19	0.08	0.22	2.56	7.14
甲苯 Toluene	5.4	12	4.0	3.87	6.97	0.24	0.43	15.48	27.89
乙苯 Ethylbenzene	5.4	15	3.0	0.88	1.60	0.05	0.10	2.63	4.81
间,对-二甲苯 m, p-Xylene	5.0	26	9.8	1.61	3.39	0.34	0.24	47.51	33.26
邻-二甲苯 o-Xylene	4.7	34	7.6	0.50	1.45	0.20	0.10	3.82	11.04
∑BTEX				10.52	23.6	0.92	1.09	71.99	84.14

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