不同土地整治类型新增耕地土壤微生物群落特征研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 909-917.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.006

不同土地整治类型新增耕地土壤微生物群落特征研究

朱奕豪¹(), 李青梅², 刘晓丽³, 李娜², 宋凤玲⁴, 陈为峰¹^,^*()

1.山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安 271018
2.山东省土地发展集团有限公司,山东济南 250014
3.山东省国土空间生态修复中心,山东济南 250014
4.泰安市国土空间生态修复中心,山东泰安 271099

收稿日期:2022-02-18 出版日期:2022-05-18 发布日期:2022-07-12
通讯作者: * 陈为峰（1970年生）,男,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为退化土壤生态治理和土地生态整治。E-mail: chwf@sdau.edu.cn
* 陈为峰（1970年生）,男,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为退化土壤生态治理和土地生态整治。E-mail: chwf@sdau.edu.cn
作者简介:朱奕豪（1992年生）,男,博士研究生,主要从事退化土壤生态治理研究。E-mail: yihao3344lin@163.com
基金资助:
山东省重点研发计划项目(2021CXGC010704);山东省土地发展集团科研基金项目(202107-YJYJS-016);泰安市国土空间生态修复中心科研项目

Characteristics of Soil Microbial Community in Newly Cultivated Land under Different Land Consolidation Types

ZHU Yihao¹(), LI Qingmei², LIU Xiaoli³, LI Na², SONG Fengling⁴, CHEN Weifeng¹^,^*()

1. College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P. R. China
2. Shandong Land Development Group Co., Ltd, Ji'nan 250014, P. R. China
3. Shandong Provincial Land Space and Ecological Restoration Center, Ji'nan 250014, P. R. China
4. Tai'an Land Space and Ecological Restoration Center, Tai'an 271099, P. R. China

Received:2022-02-18 Online:2022-05-18 Published:2022-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示不同土地整治类型新增耕地土壤微生物群落特征,以山东省泰安市34个土地整治项目（工矿复垦,GK;占补平衡,ZB）作为研究对象,就近选取非土地整治形成的农田作为对照,采用微生物平板计数法和高通量测序技术研究两类新增耕地与对照耕地的土壤微生物数量、多样性及群落组成等土壤微生物群落特征。结果表明,（1）与对照耕地相比,两类新增耕地土壤容重变大,有机质及氮磷钾含量降低,其中全氮和有效磷含量变化规律明显,均表现为GK<ZB<CK;两类新增耕地土壤容重最大值均出现在宁阳县,工矿复垦和占补平衡新增耕地分别比对照耕地变大了22.96%和25.19%。（2）两类新增耕地土壤细菌、放线菌数量低于对照耕地,真菌数量高于对照耕地;两类新增耕地土壤细菌数量最大值均出现在东平县,分别达到了11.89×10⁵ cfu∙g^-1和26.22×10⁵ cfu∙g^-1。（3）两类新增耕地土壤细菌Shannon指数、Ace指数和Chao1指数小于对照耕地;两类新增耕地及对照耕地的优势菌群均为放线菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门等;冗余分析（RDA）显示土壤有机质（SOM）是驱动土壤微生物群落变化的主要因子,该文选定的7个土壤理化性状累计解释量为82.40%,SOM单独解释量达52.00%,因此,土壤有机质成为了两类新增耕地重点调控的指标,有机质含量直接关系到新增耕地的土壤质量。该项结果将为土地整治新增耕地土壤改良指明方向。

关键词: 土地整治, 新增耕地, 微生物数量, 微生物群落组成, 高通量测序

Abstract:

To reveal the characteristics of soil microbial communities in new cultivated land of different land consolidation types, 34 land consolidation projects (industrial and mining reclamation, GK; balancing occupation and reclamation, ZB) in Tai'an city of Shandong province were studied, and nearby farmland (not formed by land consolidation) was the CK. Microbial plate counting method and high-throughput sequencing technology were utilized to study the quantity, diversity, and community composition of soil microorganisms in two types of new cultivated land and CK. The results showed that (1) compared with CK, the soil bulk density (BD) of the two types of new cultivated land increased, and the contents of soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) decreased, among which the contents of TN and AP changed significantly, showing GK<ZB<CK; the maximum BD value in the two types of newly cultivated land was found in Ningyang county, and GK and ZB were 22.96% and 25.19%, respectively, larger than those of the CK. (2) The quantities of soil bacteria and actinomycetes in the two types of newly land were lower than that in CK, while the quantity of fungi was higher than that in CK. The maximum value of soil bacteria in the two types of new cultivated land appeared in Dongping county, reaching 11.89×10⁵ cfu∙g^-1 and 26.22×10⁵ cfu∙g^-1, respectively. (3) The soil microbial indexes, such as Shannon, Ace, and Chao1, in the two types of newly cultivated land were lower than those of CK. Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteriota were the dominant flora of the two types of newly cultivated land and CK. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that SOM was the main factor driving the change of soil microbial communities, the cumulative interpretation of seven soil physical-chemical properties selected in this paper was 82.40%, and the independent interpretation of SOM was 52.00%. Therefore, SOM has become the key regulation index of two types of new cultivated land; the content of SOM is directly related to the soil quality of new cultivated land. These results shed light on the improvement of soil quality of new cultivated land.

Key words: land consolidation, newly cultivated land, microbial quantity, microbial community composition, high-throughput sequencing

中图分类号:

朱奕豪, 李青梅, 刘晓丽, 李娜, 宋凤玲, 陈为峰. 不同土地整治类型新增耕地土壤微生物群落特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(5): 909-917.

ZHU Yihao, LI Qingmei, LIU Xiaoli, LI Na, SONG Fengling, CHEN Weifeng. Characteristics of Soil Microbial Community in Newly Cultivated Land under Different Land Consolidation Types[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(5): 909-917.

图/表 10

参考文献 36

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县市区 Counties	pH			容重 Bulk density/(g∙cm^-3)				土壤含水量 Soil moisture content/%				有机质 w_{(soil organic matter)}/(g∙kg^-1)
县市区 Counties	GK	ZB	CK	GK	ZB		CK	GK	ZB		CK	GK	ZB	CK
岱岳区 Daiyue district	7.75± 0.14a	7.85± 0.08a	7.26± 0.62a	1.77± 0.06a	1.71± 0.12a		1.48± 0.05b	19.28± 1.57b	21.43± 2.28b		24.83± 0.56a	5.72± 0.16b	6.72± 0.65b	10.05± 0.90a
肥城市 Feicheng city	7.97± 0.05a	7.96± 0.18a	7.53± 0.37a	1.76± 0.08a	1.63± 0.10ab		1.50± 0.01b	17.56± 1.50a	19.70± 1.56a		20.85± 1.77a	5.86± 0.23c	7.29± 0.39b	11.07± 0.77a
高新区 High-tech zone	5.79± 0.58a	5.71± 0.12a	6.42± 0.07a	1.74± 0.10a	1.62± 0.15ab		1.43± 0.01b	15.98± 1.33b	23.14± 4.07a		24.09± 1.29a	7.04± 0.38b	6.87± 0.32b	11.91± 0.30a
新泰市 Xintai city	7.92± 0.06a	7.83± 0.13ab	7.68± 0.08b	1.60± 0.09ab	1.69± 0.11a		1.49± 0.04b	15.85± 5.00a	13.66± 1.49a		18.07± 5.11a	7.55± 0.37b	5.80± 1.16c	12.19± 0.47a
宁阳县 Ningyang county	7.64± 0.27a	7.79± 0.02a	7.61± 0.09a	1.66± 0.15a	1.69± 0.01a		1.35± 0.10b	18.11± 4.84a	16.86± 4.47a		22.30± 1.34a	6.31± 0.34b	6.01± 0.28b	12.07± 1.04a
东平县 Dongping county	7.93± 0.17a	7.58± 0.03b	7.57± 0.06b	1.54± 0.05b	1.63± 0.03a		1.40± 0.02c	22.03± 4.04a	21.07± 0.49a		26.25± 3.31a	6.83± 1.51b	7.33± 0.02b	13.34± 0.26a
县市区 Counties	全氮 w_{(total N)}/(g∙kg^-1)					有效磷 w_{(available P)}/(mg∙kg^-1)				速效钾 w_{(available K)}/(mg∙kg^-1)
县市区 Counties	GK		ZB	CK		GK	ZB	CK		GK		ZB	CK
岱岳区 Daiyue district	0.75±0.04b		0.79±0.03b	0.92±0.01a		12.36±2.88b	18.54±4.05b	34.94±1.37a		134.67±2.52b		130.33±10.50b	171.17±11.37a
肥城市 Feicheng city	0.73±0.02c		0.78±0.00b	0.92±0.01a		6.44±1.11c	19.57±1.14b	36.98±1.92a		141.33±15.28a		98.67±14.44b	162.00±10.48a
高新区 High-tech zone	0.74±0.02c		0.78±0.02b	0.93±0.02a		12.55±2.95b	21.53±2.37b	35.54±3.37a		126.00±14.42b		123.33±4.51b	165.33±11.09a
新泰市 Xintai city	0.73±0.02c		0.78±0.03b	0.92±0.01a		8.17±0.88c	21.14±2.02b	32.65±2.33a		122.33±6.81c		134.00±5.20b	166.83±4.93a
宁阳县 Ningyang county	0.76±0.01b		0.75±0.02b	0.87±0.01a		4.76±1.34c	17.37±0.87b	35.17±2.67a		121.67±4.04b		130.00±3.61b	162.33±8.89a
东平县 Dongping county	0.74±0.02c		0.78±0.01b	0.89±0.02a		5.97±1.33c	16.79±0.04b	36.50±1.36a		124.67±8.50b		126.00±4.00b	164.00±4.77a

县市区 Counties	pH			容重 Bulk density/(g∙cm^-3)				土壤含水量 Soil moisture content/%				有机质 w_{(soil organic matter)}/(g∙kg^-1)
县市区 Counties	GK	ZB	CK	GK	ZB		CK	GK	ZB		CK	GK	ZB	CK
岱岳区 Daiyue district	7.75± 0.14a	7.85± 0.08a	7.26± 0.62a	1.77± 0.06a	1.71± 0.12a		1.48± 0.05b	19.28± 1.57b	21.43± 2.28b		24.83± 0.56a	5.72± 0.16b	6.72± 0.65b	10.05± 0.90a
肥城市 Feicheng city	7.97± 0.05a	7.96± 0.18a	7.53± 0.37a	1.76± 0.08a	1.63± 0.10ab		1.50± 0.01b	17.56± 1.50a	19.70± 1.56a		20.85± 1.77a	5.86± 0.23c	7.29± 0.39b	11.07± 0.77a
高新区 High-tech zone	5.79± 0.58a	5.71± 0.12a	6.42± 0.07a	1.74± 0.10a	1.62± 0.15ab		1.43± 0.01b	15.98± 1.33b	23.14± 4.07a		24.09± 1.29a	7.04± 0.38b	6.87± 0.32b	11.91± 0.30a
新泰市 Xintai city	7.92± 0.06a	7.83± 0.13ab	7.68± 0.08b	1.60± 0.09ab	1.69± 0.11a		1.49± 0.04b	15.85± 5.00a	13.66± 1.49a		18.07± 5.11a	7.55± 0.37b	5.80± 1.16c	12.19± 0.47a
宁阳县 Ningyang county	7.64± 0.27a	7.79± 0.02a	7.61± 0.09a	1.66± 0.15a	1.69± 0.01a		1.35± 0.10b	18.11± 4.84a	16.86± 4.47a		22.30± 1.34a	6.31± 0.34b	6.01± 0.28b	12.07± 1.04a
东平县 Dongping county	7.93± 0.17a	7.58± 0.03b	7.57± 0.06b	1.54± 0.05b	1.63± 0.03a		1.40± 0.02c	22.03± 4.04a	21.07± 0.49a		26.25± 3.31a	6.83± 1.51b	7.33± 0.02b	13.34± 0.26a
县市区 Counties	全氮 w_{(total N)}/(g∙kg^-1)					有效磷 w_{(available P)}/(mg∙kg^-1)				速效钾 w_{(available K)}/(mg∙kg^-1)
县市区 Counties	GK		ZB	CK		GK	ZB	CK		GK		ZB	CK
岱岳区 Daiyue district	0.75±0.04b		0.79±0.03b	0.92±0.01a		12.36±2.88b	18.54±4.05b	34.94±1.37a		134.67±2.52b		130.33±10.50b	171.17±11.37a
肥城市 Feicheng city	0.73±0.02c		0.78±0.00b	0.92±0.01a		6.44±1.11c	19.57±1.14b	36.98±1.92a		141.33±15.28a		98.67±14.44b	162.00±10.48a
高新区 High-tech zone	0.74±0.02c		0.78±0.02b	0.93±0.02a		12.55±2.95b	21.53±2.37b	35.54±3.37a		126.00±14.42b		123.33±4.51b	165.33±11.09a
新泰市 Xintai city	0.73±0.02c		0.78±0.03b	0.92±0.01a		8.17±0.88c	21.14±2.02b	32.65±2.33a		122.33±6.81c		134.00±5.20b	166.83±4.93a
宁阳县 Ningyang county	0.76±0.01b		0.75±0.02b	0.87±0.01a		4.76±1.34c	17.37±0.87b	35.17±2.67a		121.67±4.04b		130.00±3.61b	162.33±8.89a
东平县 Dongping county	0.74±0.02c		0.78±0.01b	0.89±0.02a		5.97±1.33c	16.79±0.04b	36.50±1.36a		124.67±8.50b		126.00±4.00b	164.00±4.77a

县市区 Counties	细菌 Bacteria/(10⁵ cfu∙g^-1)			真菌 Fungi/(10³ cfu∙g^-1)			放线菌 Actinomycetes/(10⁴ cfu∙g^-1)
县市区 Counties	GK	ZB	CK	GK	ZB	CK	GK	ZB	CK
岱岳区 Daiyue district	3.22±0.39b	9.89±2.79ab	14.61±4.47a	15.12±6.32a	15.89±1.92a	10.39±2.70a	10.11±3.47a	9.78±2.91a	15.56±4.79a
肥城市 Feicheng city	7.97±0.05a	15.78±4.61a	18.50±4.11a	17.11±3.49a	15.22±0.51a	7.83±1.45b	14.33±2.00ab	9.11±2.47b	17.78±3.64a
高新区 High-tech zone	8.00±1.86b	19.33±2.00a	22.72±4.19a	18.00±4.55a	12.89±2.33a	8.72±1.36a	4.22±0.51b	10.78±2.15b	20.33±3.54a
新泰市 Xintai city	7.33±1.93b	16.67±4.10a	23.28±5.91a	12.56±2.52ab	21.45±5.12a	8.45±1.51b	11.67±2.46b	8.22±1.98b	22.84±3.72a
宁阳县 Ningyang county	9.44±3.60a	15.22±2.71a	24.94±7.19a	14.34±1.53ab	17.78±5.10a	9.56±1.11b	12.89±3.96ab	10.44±2.23b	20.72±0.68a
东平县 Dongping county	11.89±1.95c	26.22±0.51b	28.67±0.33a	24.00±5.10a	19.78±0.51ab	12.94±1.73b	13.78±1.17b	18.22±0.51b	26.28±3.34a

县市区 Counties	细菌 Bacteria/(10⁵ cfu∙g^-1)			真菌 Fungi/(10³ cfu∙g^-1)			放线菌 Actinomycetes/(10⁴ cfu∙g^-1)
县市区 Counties	GK	ZB	CK	GK	ZB	CK	GK	ZB	CK
岱岳区 Daiyue district	3.22±0.39b	9.89±2.79ab	14.61±4.47a	15.12±6.32a	15.89±1.92a	10.39±2.70a	10.11±3.47a	9.78±2.91a	15.56±4.79a
肥城市 Feicheng city	7.97±0.05a	15.78±4.61a	18.50±4.11a	17.11±3.49a	15.22±0.51a	7.83±1.45b	14.33±2.00ab	9.11±2.47b	17.78±3.64a
高新区 High-tech zone	8.00±1.86b	19.33±2.00a	22.72±4.19a	18.00±4.55a	12.89±2.33a	8.72±1.36a	4.22±0.51b	10.78±2.15b	20.33±3.54a
新泰市 Xintai city	7.33±1.93b	16.67±4.10a	23.28±5.91a	12.56±2.52ab	21.45±5.12a	8.45±1.51b	11.67±2.46b	8.22±1.98b	22.84±3.72a
宁阳县 Ningyang county	9.44±3.60a	15.22±2.71a	24.94±7.19a	14.34±1.53ab	17.78±5.10a	9.56±1.11b	12.89±3.96ab	10.44±2.23b	20.72±0.68a
东平县 Dongping county	11.89±1.95c	26.22±0.51b	28.67±0.33a	24.00±5.10a	19.78±0.51ab	12.94±1.73b	13.78±1.17b	18.22±0.51b	26.28±3.34a

微生物 Microorganism	pH	BD	SWC	SOM	TN	AP	AK
细菌 Bacteria	-0.123	-0.738^**	0.513^*	0.723^**	0.665^**	0.740^**	0.480^*
真菌 Fungus	0.204	0.597^**	-0.386	-0.735^**	-0.762^**	-0.701^**	-0.642^**
放线菌 Actinomycetes	0.152	-0.809^**	0.602^**	0.848^**	0.737^**	0.648^**	0.739^**

不同土地整治类型新增耕地土壤微生物群落特征研究

Characteristics of Soil Microbial Community in Newly Cultivated Land under Different Land Consolidation Types

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项目区 Project area	工矿复垦 Industrial and mining reclamation (XZ)	占补平衡 Requisition-compensation balance (DW)	对照耕地 Control farmland (CK)
香农指数 Shannon index	4.95±0.05b	4.62±0.19c	5.84±0.13a
辛普森指数 Simpson index	0.02±0.00ab	0.03±0.01a	0.01±0.00b
Ace指数 Ace index	1180.33±24.57b	990.39±10.41c	2056.44±159.36a
Chao1指数 Chao1 index	1200.24±34.60b	980.35±29.92c	2055.58±160.53a
覆盖度 Coverage/%	99.45±0.00a	99.44±0.00a	99.01±0.00b

排序轴 Ordination axes	特征值 Eigenvalues	物种-环境相关系数 Species-environment correlation	物种累积百分比变化率 Cumulative % variation of species	物种-环境累积百分比变化率 Cumulative % variation of species-environment	典范特征值总和 Sum of all canonical Eigenvalues
轴1 Axis1	0.585	0.997	58.5	71.0	0.824
轴2 Axis2	0.207	0.931	79.2	96.1
轴3 Axis3	0.030	0.430	82.3	99.8
轴4 Axis4	0.001	0.506	82.4	99.9

因子 Factors	解释率 Explanation/%	F值 F value	P值 P value
有机质 SOM	52.00	7.663	0.0080**
土壤含水量 SWC	15.00	2.579	0.1100
全氮 TN	7.00	1.455	0.2680
酸碱度 pH	3.00	0.559	0.5780
容重 BD	2.00	0.222	0.7780
速效钾 AK	2.00	0.171	0.7960
有效磷 AP	1.40	0.108	0.8580

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