祁连山灌丛群落结构特征随海拔梯度和经度的变化

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.003

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 231-238.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.003

祁连山灌丛群落结构特征随海拔梯度和经度的变化

王小娜(), 徐当会(), 王谢军, 方向文

兰州大学生态学院/草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2021-06-29 出版日期:2022-02-18 发布日期:2022-04-14
通讯作者: *徐当会（1976年生）,女,副教授,硕士研究生导师,主要从事群落生态学研究。E-mail: dhxu@lzu.edu.cn
作者简介:王小娜（1996年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事群落生态学研究。E-mail: wangxn19@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0301);国家自然科学基金项目(32171611)

Changes of Shrub Community Structure with Altitudinal Gradient and Longitude in Qilian Mountains

WANG Xiaona(), XU Danghui(), WANG Xiejun, FANG Xiangwen

State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China

Received:2021-06-29 Online:2022-02-18 Published:2022-04-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

祁连山是中国西部地区重要的安全屏障和水源涵养区,灌丛群落在水源涵养和安全屏障中起着重要的作用。为了探究祁连山灌丛群落结构随海拔和经度的变化规律,选取了甘肃省永登县奖俊埠林场（祁连山东段）、甘肃省古浪县夏玛林场（祁连山中东段）、甘肃省民乐县海潮坝森林公园（祁连山中段）,分析灌丛群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度、物种重要值、地上生物量和盖度在海拔2700—3100 m的变化。结果发现,（1）随着海拔的升高,银露梅（Potentilla glabra）的优势度逐渐下降,金露梅（Potentilla fruticosa）的优势度增加,高山绣线菊（Spiraea alpina）和山生柳（Salix oritrepha）在3个海拔梯度的优势度变化不显著。（2）随着海拔的升高,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、地上生物量和盖度递增,且各海拔之间差异显著。（3）随着经度的增加（自西向东）,地上生物量和盖度呈递增趋势,而Pielou均匀度呈递减趋势;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在海拔2700 m呈递减趋势,在海拔2900 m和3100 m呈递增趋势。（4）Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与海拔高度、地上生物量、盖度、Pielou均匀度都存在显著相关性。以上结果表明海拔梯度和经度对灌丛群落结构直接或间接产生影响。该研究将为祁连山区灌丛的保护与开发提供一定的理论基础。

关键词: 祁连山, 灌丛, 多样性, 生物量, 海拔梯度, 经度, 变化规律

Abstract:

Qilian Mountain is an important safety barrier and water conservation area in western China. Shrub communities play an important role in water conservation and safety protection. In order to investigate the changes of shrub community structure in Qilian Mountains with altitude and longitude. This paper selected the Jiangjunbu Forest Farm in Yongdeng County (the eastern part of Qilian Mountain), the Xiama Forest Farm in Gulang County (the middle-eastern part of Qilian Mountain), and the Haichaoba Forest Park in Minle County (the middle part of Qilian Mountain). The Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou evenness, species importance value, shrub biomass, and shrub coverage were used to reflect the changes of shrub community structure at the altitude of 2700-3100 m. The results showed that, (1) At the altitude of 2700-3100 m, Potentilla glabra decreased and Potentilla fruticosa increased, while Spiraea alpina and Salix oritrepha in three altitudinal gradients did not change significantly. (2) With the increase of altitude, the Shannon-Wiener index, aboveground biomass, and the coverage of shrubs increased and varied significantly with altitude. (3) With the increase of longitude (from west to east), the aboveground biomass and coverage of shrub increased, while the Pielou evenness decreased; the Shannon-Wiener index showed a decrease at 2700 m and increases at 2900 m and 3100 m; (4) The Shannon-Wiener index was significantly correlated with altitude, aboveground biomass, coverage, and Pielou evenness. These results indicate that the altitudinal gradient and longitude have direct or indirect effects on the shrub community structure. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the protection and development of shrubs in Qilian Mountains.

Key words: qilian mountain, shrub, diversity, biomass, elevation gradient, longitude, change law

中图分类号:

Q948
X173

王小娜, 徐当会, 王谢军, 方向文. 祁连山灌丛群落结构特征随海拔梯度和经度的变化[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 231-238.

WANG Xiaona, XU Danghui, WANG Xiejun, FANG Xiangwen. Changes of Shrub Community Structure with Altitudinal Gradient and Longitude in Qilian Mountains[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(2): 231-238.

图/表 7

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地点 Sites	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Altitude/m	坡向 Aspect/(°)	坡度 Slope/(°)
东段 East	103°1′44.31ʺE, 36°50′4.78ʺN	2700	110	30
	103°0′5.48ʺE, 36°48′37.36ʺN	2900	157	25
	102°59′52.33ʺE, 36°48′32.36ʺN	3100	205	32
中东段 Middle-east	102°33′12.83ʺE, 37°23′2.28ʺN	2700	250	30
	102°33′18.07ʺE, 37°23′0.47ʺN	2900	151	25
	102°33′48.44ʺE, 37°23′28.6ʺN	3100	178	20

地点 Sites	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Altitude/m	坡向 Aspect/(°)	坡度 Slope/(°)
东段 East	103°1′44.31ʺE, 36°50′4.78ʺN	2700	110	30
	103°0′5.48ʺE, 36°48′37.36ʺN	2900	157	25
	102°59′52.33ʺE, 36°48′32.36ʺN	3100	205	32
中东段 Middle-east	102°33′12.83ʺE, 37°23′2.28ʺN	2700	250	30
	102°33′18.07ʺE, 37°23′0.47ʺN	2900	151	25
	102°33′48.44ʺE, 37°23′28.6ʺN	3100	178	20

地点 Sites	海拔 Altitude/m	物种 Species	数量 Quantity/strain	盖度 Coverage/%	平均高度 Average height/m	重要值 Important value/%
东段 East	2700	银露梅 P. glabra 甘蒙锦鸡儿 Caragana opulens 绢毛蔷薇 Rosa sericea 高山绣线菊 S. alpina	17±2.00 6±1.41 1±0.20 2±0.58	36.7±1.15 5.5±0.71 1.0±0.12 1.3±0.56	0.79±0.16 1.12±0.12 1.40±0.05 0.75±0.21	58.19±0.05 13.30±0.01 17.53±0.06 10.98±0.01
	2900	鲜黄小檗 B. diaphana 高山绣线菊 S. alpina 西北蔷薇 Rosa davidii 金露梅 P. fruticosa 绢毛蔷薇 R. sericea 银露梅 P. glabra	5±1.53 5±1.53 7±0.58 31±2.65 1±0.00 1±0.00	50.0±0.00 15.0±0.00 10.7±1.15 22.7±2.52 2.8±0.35 3.0±0.00	1.81±0.26 1.32±0.28 1.25±0.30 0.90±0.17 1.30±0.33 1.53±0.07	28.26±0.009 12.61±0.02 13.96±0.02 32.17±0.01 4.60±0.01 8.40±0.01
	3100	山生柳 S. oritrepha 烈香杜鹃 R. anthopogonoides 金露梅 P. fruticosa 高山绣线菊 S. alpina 鬼箭锦鸡儿 Caragana jubata	28±2.65 25±1.73 20±1.53 10±2.00 3±1.00	23.3±1.53 53.3±1.00 16.0±2.65 10.3±1.53 10.3±1.53	1.42±0.07 1.00±0.18 0.82±0.28 0.88±0.26 1.22±0.28	26.40±0.009 31.47±0.001 18.02±0.009 12.35±0.01 11.76±0.02
中东段 Middle-east	2700	金露梅 P. fruticosa 高山绣线菊 S. alpina 鲜黄小檗 B. diaphana 银露梅 P. glabra	25±2.65 12±1.41 11±0.58 1±0.00	26.3± 1.24 4.0±1.41 9.0±2.00 1.0±0.00	0.54±0.09 0.46±0.007 0.52±0.16 0.5±0.003	11.34±0.06 13.32±0.01 25.23±0.06 51.11±0.02
	2900	高山绣线菊 S. alpina 鲜黄小檗 Berberis diaphana 银露梅 P. glabra	26±3.61 12±2.65 5±1.00	70.7±2.08 36.7±2.08 5±0.00	1.12±0.09 1.24±0.25 0.75±0.01	53.72±0.01 33.60±0.008 12.68±0.01
	3100	烈香杜鹃 R. anthopogonoides 雪层杜鹃 R. nivale 头花杜鹃 R. capitatum 金露梅 P. fruticosa 高山绣线菊 S. alpina 山生柳 S. oritrepha	3±0.00 45±1.53 24±1.53 7±0.71 9±1.00 11±0.58	7.5±0.70 50.0±1.73 31.0±1.15 5.0±0.00 3.0±0.58 12.0±1.00	1.33±0.18 0.96±0.08 1.07±0.09 0.95±0.01 0.65±0.04 1.36±0.14	6.86±0.002 37.99±0.03 24.80±0.03 5.81±0.005 8.30±0.02 16.24±0.02
中段 Middle	2700	银露梅 P. glabra 金露梅 P. fruticosa 鲜黄小檗 Berberis diaphana 高山绣线菊 S. alpina	13±0.58 8±1.15 3±1.15 3±0.71	11.0±1.00 6.0±1.73 1.2±0.76 2.5±0.71	0.66±0.13 0.48±0.12 0.73±0.17 0.51±0.04	45.85±0.05 28.45±0.03 16.67±0.02 9.03±0.02
	2900	金露梅 P. fruticosa 山生柳 S. oritrepha 高山绣线菊 S. alpina	16±2.08 10±2.08 3±1.00	12.0±2.08 8.7±2.00 1.0±0.00	0.48±0.08 0.63±0.02 0.53±0.007	46.32±0.02 38.37±0.01 15.31±0.008
	3100	金露梅 P. fruticosa 高山绣线菊 S. alpina	34±1.41 13±3.51	39.0±1.41 3.5±1.50	0.62±0.12 0.44±0.03	73.82±0.01 26.18±0.001

地点 Sites	海拔 Altitude/m	物种 Species	数量 Quantity/strain	盖度 Coverage/%	平均高度 Average height/m	重要值 Important value/%
东段 East	2700	银露梅 P. glabra 甘蒙锦鸡儿 Caragana opulens 绢毛蔷薇 Rosa sericea 高山绣线菊 S. alpina	17±2.00 6±1.41 1±0.20 2±0.58	36.7±1.15 5.5±0.71 1.0±0.12 1.3±0.56	0.79±0.16 1.12±0.12 1.40±0.05 0.75±0.21	58.19±0.05 13.30±0.01 17.53±0.06 10.98±0.01
	2900	鲜黄小檗 B. diaphana 高山绣线菊 S. alpina 西北蔷薇 Rosa davidii 金露梅 P. fruticosa 绢毛蔷薇 R. sericea 银露梅 P. glabra	5±1.53 5±1.53 7±0.58 31±2.65 1±0.00 1±0.00	50.0±0.00 15.0±0.00 10.7±1.15 22.7±2.52 2.8±0.35 3.0±0.00	1.81±0.26 1.32±0.28 1.25±0.30 0.90±0.17 1.30±0.33 1.53±0.07	28.26±0.009 12.61±0.02 13.96±0.02 32.17±0.01 4.60±0.01 8.40±0.01
	3100	山生柳 S. oritrepha 烈香杜鹃 R. anthopogonoides 金露梅 P. fruticosa 高山绣线菊 S. alpina 鬼箭锦鸡儿 Caragana jubata	28±2.65 25±1.73 20±1.53 10±2.00 3±1.00	23.3±1.53 53.3±1.00 16.0±2.65 10.3±1.53 10.3±1.53	1.42±0.07 1.00±0.18 0.82±0.28 0.88±0.26 1.22±0.28	26.40±0.009 31.47±0.001 18.02±0.009 12.35±0.01 11.76±0.02
中东段 Middle-east	2700	金露梅 P. fruticosa 高山绣线菊 S. alpina 鲜黄小檗 B. diaphana 银露梅 P. glabra	25±2.65 12±1.41 11±0.58 1±0.00	26.3± 1.24 4.0±1.41 9.0±2.00 1.0±0.00	0.54±0.09 0.46±0.007 0.52±0.16 0.5±0.003	11.34±0.06 13.32±0.01 25.23±0.06 51.11±0.02
	2900	高山绣线菊 S. alpina 鲜黄小檗 Berberis diaphana 银露梅 P. glabra	26±3.61 12±2.65 5±1.00	70.7±2.08 36.7±2.08 5±0.00	1.12±0.09 1.24±0.25 0.75±0.01	53.72±0.01 33.60±0.008 12.68±0.01
	3100	烈香杜鹃 R. anthopogonoides 雪层杜鹃 R. nivale 头花杜鹃 R. capitatum 金露梅 P. fruticosa 高山绣线菊 S. alpina 山生柳 S. oritrepha	3±0.00 45±1.53 24±1.53 7±0.71 9±1.00 11±0.58	7.5±0.70 50.0±1.73 31.0±1.15 5.0±0.00 3.0±0.58 12.0±1.00	1.33±0.18 0.96±0.08 1.07±0.09 0.95±0.01 0.65±0.04 1.36±0.14	6.86±0.002 37.99±0.03 24.80±0.03 5.81±0.005 8.30±0.02 16.24±0.02
中段 Middle	2700	银露梅 P. glabra 金露梅 P. fruticosa 鲜黄小檗 Berberis diaphana 高山绣线菊 S. alpina	13±0.58 8±1.15 3±1.15 3±0.71	11.0±1.00 6.0±1.73 1.2±0.76 2.5±0.71	0.66±0.13 0.48±0.12 0.73±0.17 0.51±0.04	45.85±0.05 28.45±0.03 16.67±0.02 9.03±0.02
	2900	金露梅 P. fruticosa 山生柳 S. oritrepha 高山绣线菊 S. alpina	16±2.08 10±2.08 3±1.00	12.0±2.08 8.7±2.00 1.0±0.00	0.48±0.08 0.63±0.02 0.53±0.007	46.32±0.02 38.37±0.01 15.31±0.008
	3100	金露梅 P. fruticosa 高山绣线菊 S. alpina	34±1.41 13±3.51	39.0±1.41 3.5±1.50	0.62±0.12 0.44±0.03	73.82±0.01 26.18±0.001

影响因子 Impact factor	生物量 Biomass		Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index		Pielou均匀度 Pielou homogeneous degree		盖度 Coverage
影响因子 Impact factor	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
海拔 Altitude	82.871	0.000	106.131	0.000	13.659	0.000	402.137	0.000
经度 Longitude	134.954	0.000	3.131	0.068	8.402	0.003	953.265	0.000
海拔×经度 Altitude & Longitude	19.178	0.000	9.880	0.001	4.968	0.007	107.064	0.000

祁连山灌丛群落结构特征随海拔梯度和经度的变化

Changes of Shrub Community Structure with Altitudinal Gradient and Longitude in Qilian Mountains

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Pearson相关性 Pearson correlation	生物量 Biomass	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	Pielou均匀度 Pielou homogeneous degree	盖度 Coverage	海拔 Altitude
生物量 Biomass Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	1
生物量 Biomass Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	0.943**	1
Pielou均匀度 Pielou homogeneous degree	0.855**	0.776*	1
盖度 Coverage	0.740*	0.872**	0.455	1
海拔 Altitude	0.926**	0.965**	0.762*	0.913**	1

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