黔中城市森林群落植物多样性及其与土壤理化性质的关系

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.11.003

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 2130-2141.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.11.003

所属专题：生物多样性专题汇编

黔中城市森林群落植物多样性及其与土壤理化性质的关系

林丽¹(), 代磊¹, 林泽北², 吴际通², 颜伟², 王志杰¹^,³^,^*()

1.贵州大学生命科学学院,贵州贵阳 550025
2.贵阳市林草资源监测中心,贵州贵阳 550025
3.山地生态与农业生物工程协同创新中心,贵州贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2021-05-26 出版日期:2021-11-18 发布日期:2021-12-29
通讯作者: * 王志杰（1986年生）,男,副教授,博士,主要从事喀斯特山地景观生态与生物多样性研究。E-mail: zjwang3@gzu.edu.cn
作者简介:林丽（1993年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为修复生态。E-mail: 1292364928@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42061039);国家自然科学基金项目(41701319);贵州大学培育项目(贵大培育[2020]46);贵阳市森林资源管理站技术服务项目(H20200129);贵州省生物学一流学科建设项目(GNYL[2017]009)

Plant Diversity and Its Relationship with Soil Physicochemical Properties of Urban Forest Communities in Central Guizhou

LIN Li¹(), DAI Lei¹, LIN Zebei², WU Jitong², YAN Wei², WANG Zhijie¹^,³^,^*()

1. College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
2. Forestry and Grassland Resources Monitoring Center of Guiyang City, Guiyang 550025, China
3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guiyang 550025, China

Received:2021-05-26 Online:2021-11-18 Published:2021-12-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以贵阳市10种典型城市森林群落为研究对象,在野外抽样调查和实验室检测的基础上,采用单因素方差分析,分析了贵阳市不同城市森林群落植物多样性和土壤理化性质的差异,运用冗余分析和典范对应分析,探讨了贵阳市不同城市森林群落土壤理化性质对植物多样性及物种分布的影响,旨在为贵阳市乃至中国西南喀斯特城市森林生态保护、城市森林植物多样性维护提供重要科学依据和理论支撑。结果表明,（1）研究区有维管植物61科、107属、124种,不同类型城市森林群落不同层间重要值最高的物种不同,女贞桦木混交林物种组成丰富,马尾松林物种组成最贫乏。（2）各种城市森林群落物种Shannon-Wiener指数、丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均以女贞桦木混交林最大,马尾松林最小,且二者相应的多样性指数间差异显著;灌木层与群落多样性指数变化相似,草本层Shannon-Wiener指数和丰富度指数以马尾松华山松混交林最大,Pielou均匀度指数以香樟林最大,且3个指数均以马尾松林最小,而Simpson优势度指数变化与其他3个指数变化相反。（3）不同城市森林群落的土壤pH、全磷、全钾、速效钾、速效磷、容重具有显著差异,而全氮、速效氮、有机质差异不显著,其中,土壤pH对物种分布及灌木层物种多样性有显著影响、土壤容重对物种分布及草本物种多样性有显著影响,土壤速效钾对物种分布影响不显著,但对群落物种多样性有显著影响,而土壤有机质、全磷则与之相反。

关键词: 城市森林群落, 植物多样性, 物种分布, 土壤理化性质, 冗余分析, 典范对应分析

Abstract:

Taking ten typical urban forest communities in Guiyang as research objects, based on field sampling survey and laboratory test, the differences of plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties in different urban forest communities in Guiyang were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. The effects of soil physicochemical properties on plant diversity and species distribution in different urban forest communities in Guiyang city were studied by using redundancy analysis and canonical correspondence analysis, aiming to provide important scientific basis and theoretical support for ecological protection and maintenance of urban forest plant diversity in Guiyang city and even Karst urban forest in southwest China. The results showed that: (1) There are 61 families, 107 genera, and 124 species of vascular plants totally. The plant species with the highest important values were different at different layers in different types of urban forests. The composition of the Mixed Plantation of Ligustrum lucidum and Betula alnoides mixed forest the most abundant, and the Pinus massoniana forest is the lowest. (2) The Shannon-Wiener index, richness index, and Pielou evenness index of various urban forest communities are the highest in Ligustrum lucidum mixed forest, and the diversity indexes of the Pinus massoniana forest is the lowest. There is a significant difference between the diversity indexes of the Pinus massoniana forest and the diversity indexes of Ligustrum lucidum mixed forest. The diversity index changes of shrub layer and community were similar, the Shannon-Wiener index and richness index of herb layer were the highest in Pinus massoniana and Pinus armandii mixed forest while the Pielou evenness index was the highest in Cinnamomum camphorum forest, and the three indexes were the lowest in Pinus massoniana forest, while the change of Simpson dominance index was opposite to the other three indexes. (3) Different urban forest communities of soil pH, total phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium, available phosphorus, bulk density has significant difference, but no significant difference of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, organic matter, among them, the soil pH on species distribution and the shrub layer has a significant influence species diversity, soil bulk density has significant effect on species distribution and herbaceous species diversity, Soil available potassium had no significant effect on species distribution, but had significant effect on community species diversity, while soil organic matter and total phosphorus, were opposite.

Key words: urban forest communities, plant diversity, species distribution, soil physicochemical properties, redundancy analysis, canonical correspondence analysis

中图分类号:

Q948
X176

林丽, 代磊, 林泽北, 吴际通, 颜伟, 王志杰. 黔中城市森林群落植物多样性及其与土壤理化性质的关系[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(11): 2130-2141.

LIN Li, DAI Lei, LIN Zebei, WU Jitong, YAN Wei, WANG Zhijie. Plant Diversity and Its Relationship with Soil Physicochemical Properties of Urban Forest Communities in Central Guizhou[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(11): 2130-2141.

图/表 8

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群落号 CID	群落类型 Community types	海拔 Altitude/m	经度和纬度 Longitude and Latitude	样地 Sample plot	坡度 Slope/(°)	坡向 Aspect	坡位 Slope position
Ⅰ	马尾松华山松混交林 Pinus massoniana and Pinus armandiimixed forest	1359	106°66′21.35″E 26°67′12.36″N	1, 3	6, 12	南、西南 South, Southwest	中坡 Middle slope
Ⅱ	马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	1302	106°66′80.27″E 26°66′80.44″N	6, 12	14	南 South	中坡 Middle slope
Ⅲ	华山松混交林 Pinus armandii mixed forest	1322	106°67′27.37″E 26°66′78.89″N	2, 5	3, 8	西北 Northwest	中坡 Middle slope
Ⅳ	华山松林 Pinus armandii forest	1293	106°66′55.36″E 26°66′53.29″N	4	35	南 South	中坡 Middle slope
Ⅴ	女贞林 Ligustrum lucidum forest	1174	106°66′52.41″E 26°66′85.28″N	7	20	北 North	中坡 Middle slope
Ⅵ	女贞桦木混交林 Ligustrum lucidum and Betula alnoides mixed forest	1128	106°66′00.70″E 26°66′18.46″N	8	7	北 North	上坡 Upper slope
Ⅶ	桦木混交林 Betula alnoides mixed forest	1243	106°69′75.56″E 26°61′30.83″N	9	9	南 South	下坡 lower slope
Ⅷ	杉木林 Cunninghamia lanceolata forest	1288	106°70′54.24″E 26°63′52.86″N	10	8	东 East	上坡 Upper slope
Ⅸ	柳杉林 Cryptomeria japonica forest	1210	106°67′43.34″E 26°64′78.75″N	11	0	无坡向 No aspect	平地 Flat ground
Ⅹ	香樟林 Cinnamomum longepaniculatum forest	1293	106°67′80.74″E 26°54′17.16″N	13	1	无坡向 No aspect	平地 Flat ground

群落号 CID	群落类型 Community types	海拔 Altitude/m	经度和纬度 Longitude and Latitude	样地 Sample plot	坡度 Slope/(°)	坡向 Aspect	坡位 Slope position
Ⅰ	马尾松华山松混交林 Pinus massoniana and Pinus armandiimixed forest	1359	106°66′21.35″E 26°67′12.36″N	1, 3	6, 12	南、西南 South, Southwest	中坡 Middle slope
Ⅱ	马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	1302	106°66′80.27″E 26°66′80.44″N	6, 12	14	南 South	中坡 Middle slope
Ⅲ	华山松混交林 Pinus armandii mixed forest	1322	106°67′27.37″E 26°66′78.89″N	2, 5	3, 8	西北 Northwest	中坡 Middle slope
Ⅳ	华山松林 Pinus armandii forest	1293	106°66′55.36″E 26°66′53.29″N	4	35	南 South	中坡 Middle slope
Ⅴ	女贞林 Ligustrum lucidum forest	1174	106°66′52.41″E 26°66′85.28″N	7	20	北 North	中坡 Middle slope
Ⅵ	女贞桦木混交林 Ligustrum lucidum and Betula alnoides mixed forest	1128	106°66′00.70″E 26°66′18.46″N	8	7	北 North	上坡 Upper slope
Ⅶ	桦木混交林 Betula alnoides mixed forest	1243	106°69′75.56″E 26°61′30.83″N	9	9	南 South	下坡 lower slope
Ⅷ	杉木林 Cunninghamia lanceolata forest	1288	106°70′54.24″E 26°63′52.86″N	10	8	东 East	上坡 Upper slope
Ⅸ	柳杉林 Cryptomeria japonica forest	1210	106°67′43.34″E 26°64′78.75″N	11	0	无坡向 No aspect	平地 Flat ground
Ⅹ	香樟林 Cinnamomum longepaniculatum forest	1293	106°67′80.74″E 26°54′17.16″N	13	1	无坡向 No aspect	平地 Flat ground

群落号 CID	Shannon-Wiener 指数 Shannon-Wiener index	丰富度指数 Richness index	Simpson 指数 Simpson index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index
Ⅰ	1.40±0.44a	5.50±2.26a	0.32±0.13d	0.86±0.10a
Ⅱ	0.58±0.46e	2.18±1.22e	0.57±0.30a	0.60±0.44b
Ⅲ	1.24±0.47abc	4.59±2.42abc	0.35±0.19cd	0.86±0.23a
Ⅳ	0.98±0.65abcd	4.09±3.42abcd	0.48±0.27abc	0.76±0.29ab
Ⅴ	1.22±0.52abc	4.73±2.05abc	0.38±0.24bcd	0.84±0.20ab
Ⅵ	1.45±0.33a	5.63±2.06a	0.29±0.13d	0.88±0.15a
Ⅶ	1.31±0.40ab	5.00±2.05ab	0.34±0.14cd	0.86±0.13a
Ⅷ	0.89±0.52cde	3.55±1.75bcde	0.52±0.24ab	0.71±0.29ab
Ⅸ	0.68±0.56de	2.54±1.37de	0.61±0.30a	0.62±0.42b
Ⅹ	0.91±0.43bcde	3.09±1.22cde	0.46±0.19abcd	0.87±0.23ab

群落号 CID	Shannon-Wiener 指数 Shannon-Wiener index	丰富度指数 Richness index	Simpson 指数 Simpson index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index
Ⅰ	1.40±0.44a	5.50±2.26a	0.32±0.13d	0.86±0.10a
Ⅱ	0.58±0.46e	2.18±1.22e	0.57±0.30a	0.60±0.44b
Ⅲ	1.24±0.47abc	4.59±2.42abc	0.35±0.19cd	0.86±0.23a
Ⅳ	0.98±0.65abcd	4.09±3.42abcd	0.48±0.27abc	0.76±0.29ab
Ⅴ	1.22±0.52abc	4.73±2.05abc	0.38±0.24bcd	0.84±0.20ab
Ⅵ	1.45±0.33a	5.63±2.06a	0.29±0.13d	0.88±0.15a
Ⅶ	1.31±0.40ab	5.00±2.05ab	0.34±0.14cd	0.86±0.13a
Ⅷ	0.89±0.52cde	3.55±1.75bcde	0.52±0.24ab	0.71±0.29ab
Ⅸ	0.68±0.56de	2.54±1.37de	0.61±0.30a	0.62±0.42b
Ⅹ	0.91±0.43bcde	3.09±1.22cde	0.46±0.19abcd	0.87±0.23ab

层次 Level	群落号 CID	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	丰富度指数 Richness index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index
灌木层 Shrub layer	Ⅰ	1.31±0.43a	4.90±0.28a	0.34±0.14b	0.86±0.10a
	Ⅱ	0.49±0.51c	1.80±1.32d	0.51±0.37ab	0.52±0.54b
	Ⅲ	0.98±0.46ab	3.30±1.34bcd	0.43±0.23b	0.82±0.30ab
	Ⅳ	0.77±0.48bc	2.60±1.14cd	0.53±0.28ab	0.73±0.41ab
	Ⅴ	1.19±0.67ab	4.60±2.07abc	0.41±0.33b	0.70±0.41ab
	Ⅵ	1.39±0.35a	5.40±1.14a	0.32±0.18b	0.84±0.20ab
	Ⅶ	1.30±0.50ab	5.00±2.35ab	0.36±0.19b	0.83±0.18ab
	Ⅷ	0.81±0.66abc	3.20±2.28bcd	0.56±0.28ab	0.66±0.40ab
	Ⅸ	0.36±0.35c	1.80±0.84d	0.77±0.23a	0.45±0.44b
	Ⅹ	0.80±0.19abc	2.60±0.89cd	0.48±0.07ab	0.91±0.13a
草本层 Herb layer	Ⅰ	1.48±0.47a	5.80±2.97a	0.29±0.13c	0.89±0.08a
	Ⅱ	0.73±0.41b	2.50±0.97c	0.56±013a	0.76±0.29b
	Ⅲ	1.41±0.37a	4.80±1.61ab	0.28±0.10c	0.94±0.06a
	Ⅳ	1.04±0.80ab	4.00±3.08abc	0.48±0.30ab	0.81±0.18ab
	Ⅴ	1.27±0.46a	4.20±1.79abc	0.33±0.15bc	0.94±0.02a
	Ⅵ	1.43±0.32a	5.00±2.00ab	0.27±0.08c	0.93±0.08a
	Ⅶ	1.30±0.37a	4.40±1.51abc	0.32±0.12bc	0.92±0.04a
	Ⅷ	1.06±0.40ab	3.80±1.48abc	0.43±0.15abc	0.82±0.06ab
	Ⅸ	1.14±0.38ab	3.60±1.14bc	0.36±0.16bc	0.92±0.08a
	Ⅹ	1.15±0.48ab	3.60±1.52bc	0.36±0.18bc	0.95±0.03a

黔中城市森林群落植物多样性及其与土壤理化性质的关系

Plant Diversity and Its Relationship with Soil Physicochemical Properties of Urban Forest Communities in Central Guizhou

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群落号 CID	pH	w_(TN)/(g∙kg^-1)	w_(TP)/(g∙kg^-1)	w_(TK)/(g∙kg^-1)	w_(AN)/(mg∙kg^-1)
Ⅰ	5.04±0.78cd	2.45±0.43a	0.59±0.14b	20.21±5.81a	159.68±32.40a
Ⅱ	4.93±0.20cd	2.65±1.16a	0.99±0.45ab	19.28±1.63a	165.40±52.93a
Ⅲ	6.13±0.27b	3.60±0.95a	1.15±0.19ab	18.60±1.75a	218.70±40.83a
Ⅳ	5.81±0.23bc	3.23±0.25a	0.99±0.45ab	16.16±2.01abc	205.42±13.52a
Ⅴ	7.14±0.30a	4.02±0.97a	1.15±0.17ab	15.01±0.77abc	225.87±15.89a
Ⅵ	7.31±0.45a	4.42±1.72a	1.19±0.13ab	17.52±2.15ab	250.31±55.00a
Ⅶ	7.22±0.63a	2.76±1.34a	0.79±0.11b	11.42±0.54bc	177.46±70.43a
Ⅷ	4.62±0.04cd	2.78±0.73a	1.13±0.23ab	10.24±0.46c	191.25±33.46a
Ⅸ	5.57±1.07cd	2.93±2.10a	1.09±0.19ab	11.05±0.66bc	171.53±94.65a
Ⅹ	5.88±0.30bc	2.69±0.13a	1.69±0.71a	15.75±2.05abc	189.28±7.02a
群落号 CID	w_(AP)/(mg∙kg^-1)	w_(AK)/(mg∙kg^-1)	w_(OM)/(g∙kg^-1)	w_(BD)/(g∙cm^-3)
Ⅰ	7.71±1.25b	178.05±51.58a	47.90±10.74a	22.03±12.21ab
Ⅱ	10.47±4.32b	163.92±19.97ab	45.56±17.44a	35.26±22.37ab
Ⅲ	7.21±0.34b	164.80±54.35ab	65.14±16.79a	18.80±8.33ab
Ⅳ	8.75±2.38b	163.00±29.84ab	60.15±4.18a	13.51±5.22b
Ⅴ	173.47±19.59a	135.68±45.31abc	76.83±19.03a	61.58±30.11a
Ⅵ	198.15±43.70a	143.35±14.28abc	84.14±35.25a	30.10±8.90ab
Ⅶ	178.79±64.34a	82.37±4.53bc	51.08±27.27a	32.96±7.37ab
Ⅷ	9.59±1.70b	56.36±7.10c	53.34±15.09a	22.23±3.55ab
Ⅸ	51.96±73.78b	62.55±10.29bc	53.29±39.39a	40.08±17.62ab
Ⅹ	7.93±1.46b	143.14±19.59abc	46.49±2.66a	72.89.11±4.74a

层次 Level	环境因子 Environmental Factors	解释变异量 Explain the amount of variation	伪F统计量 Pseudo F statistic	P
群落Community	pH	28.2	2.50	0.198
	w_(TN)/(g∙kg^-1)	28.0	1.10	0.416
	w_(TP)/(g∙kg^-1)	12.0	2.80	0.120
	w_(TK)/(g∙kg^-1)	13.2	2.60	0.281
	w_(AN)/(mg∙kg^-1)	31.0	12.60	0.008
	w_(AP)/(mg∙kg^-1)	13.1	0.70	0.484
	w_(AK)/(mg∙kg^-1)	20.2	<0.10	1
	w_(OM)/(g∙kg^-1)	32.3	3.80	0.062
	w_(BD)/(g∙cm^-3)	10.4	4.30	0.054
灌木层Shrub layer	pH	41.9	5.80	0.032
	w_(TN)/(g∙kg^-1)	28.7	3.50	0.156
	w_(TP)/(g∙kg^-1)	0.6	<0.11	0.123
	w_(TK)/(g∙kg^-1)	8.2	1.50	0.236
	w_(AN)/(mg∙kg^-1)	30.8	0.30	0.624
	w_(AP)/(mg∙kg^-1)	36.8	1.10	0.136
	w_(AK)/(mg∙kg^-1)	9.3	6.20	0.106
	w_(OM)/(g∙kg^-1)	32.7	3.50	0.156
	w_(BD)/(g∙cm^-3)	2.1	55.90	0.102
草本层Herb layer	pH	10.5	1.50	0.458
	w_(TN)/(g∙kg^-1)	5.0	0.70	0.454
	w_(TP)/(g∙kg^-1)	28.2	3.10	0.011
	w_(TK)/(g∙kg^-1)	9.9	1.20	0.412
	w_(AN)/(mg∙kg^-1)	3.3	2.40	0.180
	w_(AP)/(mg∙kg^-1)	9.3	0.10	0.790
	w_(AK)/(mg∙kg^-1)	7.3	0.20	0.738
	w_(OM)/(g∙kg^-1)	8.9	<0.11	1
	w_(BD)/(g∙cm^-3)	7.9	0.90	0.360

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