高寒草地土壤总有机碳与活性碳组分对退化和地形的响应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.06.001

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 831-842.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.06.001

• 碳循环与碳减排专栏 • 下一篇

高寒草地土壤总有机碳与活性碳组分对退化和地形的响应

王宇星¹(), 王文颖¹^,²^,^*(), 熊友才³, 杨方堃¹, 马燕梅¹

¹ 青海师范大学生命科学学院，青海西宁 810008
² 青海省人民政府-北京师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院，青海西宁 810008
³ 兰州大学生态学院，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2025-10-14 修回日期:2026-02-22 接受日期:2026-03-12 出版日期:2026-06-18 发布日期:2026-06-08
通讯作者: * 王文颖，E-mail: wangwy0106@163.com
作者简介:王宇星（2001年生），男，硕士研究生，主要从事植物生态学研究。E-mail: wangyuxing20011115@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1304305);青海省自然科学基金项目(2025-ZJ-969T);111引智基地(D23029)

Responses of Soil Total Organic Carbon and Labile Carbon Components to Degradation and Topography of Alpine Grassland

WANG Yuxing¹(), WANG Wenying¹^,²^,^*(), XIONG Youcai³, YANG Fangkun¹, MA Yanmei¹

¹ College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, P. R. China
² Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People’s Government of Qinghai Province & Beijing Normal University, Xining 810008, P. R. China
³ College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China

Received:2025-10-14 Revised:2026-02-22 Accepted:2026-03-12 Online:2026-06-18 Published:2026-06-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤有机碳及活性有机碳组分质量分数必然随草地退化程度加剧而下降，但是它们对地形类型的响应机制尚不明确。该研究以青藏高原不同地形类型高寒退化草地为研究对象，采集植物样品和土层深度0－40 cm的土壤样品，分析土壤有机碳质量分数及活性有机碳组分占总有机碳的比值，探讨草地退化和地形对土壤有机碳库稳定性的影响。结果表明：1）重度退化滩地与原生滩地相比，土壤有机碳（SOC）质量分数以及微生物生物量碳（MBC）、溶解有机碳（DOC）、易氧化有机碳（EOC）占SOC的比值分别下降了18.8%、62.1%、36.6%、38.1%，重度退化陡坡地与原生陡坡地相比分别下降了41.8%、51.3%、34.2%、11.6%，这说明草地退化使土壤有机碳库稳定性相对增加；2）陡坡地SOC质量分数较滩地高30.0%，但陡坡地w_(MBC)/w_(SOC)、w_(DOC)/w_(SOC)、w_(EOC)/w_(SOC)分别比滩地低66.9%、43.0%、36.7%，这表明陡坡地土壤有机碳库稳定性相对增加；3）活性有机碳组分与地上生物量、地下生物量、土壤水分质量分数以及土壤有机碳、总碳、总氮质量分数呈正相关关系，与pH值呈负相关关系，且地下生物量是影响土壤有机碳和活性有机碳组分质量分数的关键因素。综上所述，草地退化和地形影响土壤有机碳质量分数和活性有机碳组分占总有机碳的比值。活性有机碳组分占总有机碳的比值可作为反映高寒草地退化的关键指标。对于不同地形类型高寒退化草地的修复，应采取因地制宜的方式，选取合适的方法减缓土壤碳排放，以应对全球气候变化。

关键词: 高寒草地, 草地退化, 地形, 土壤有机碳, 土壤活性有机碳组分

Abstract:

Soil organic carbon and labile organic carbon components decreased inevitably as the grassland degradation degree intensified, but their response mechanisms to topography type remain unclear. In this study, plant and soil samples with soil depth of 0-40 cm were collected from alpine degraded grasslands across different topography types on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The mass fraction of soil organic carbon and the ratio of labile organic carbon components to total organic carbon were analyzed to explore the influence of grassland degradation and topography on the stability of soil organic carbon pool. Results showed that 1) compared with non-degraded beachland, the mass fraction of soil organic carbon (SOC), the ratios of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC) to SOC in the heavily degraded beachland decreased by 18.8%, 62.1%, 36.6% and 38.1%, respectively. While in the heavily degraded steep-slopeland, these decreased by 41.8%, 51.3%, 34.2% and 11.6%, respectively compared with non-degraded steep-slopeland. This indicates that grassland degradation increases the stability of soil organic carbon pool, relatively. 2) The mass fraction of SOC in the steep-slopeland was 30.0% higher than that in the beachland, but the w_(MBC)/w_(SOC), w_(DOC)/w_(SOC), w_(EOC)/w_(SOC) in the steep-slopeland were 66.9%, 43.0%, and 36.7% lower than those in the beachland, respectively. This indicates that the stability of the soil organic carbon pool in the steep-slopeland increased relatively. 3) Labile organic carbon components were positively correlated with above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, soil organic carbon, soil moisture mass fraction, total carbon, total nitrogen, and negatively correlated with pH value, and below-ground biomass was the key factor affecting mass fraction of soil organic carbon and labile organic carbon components. In conclusion, the grassland degradation and topography affected the mass fraction of soil organic carbon and the ratio of labile organic carbon components to total organic carbon. The ratio of labile organic carbon components to total organic carbon can be used as key indicators to reflect the degradation of alpine grassland. For the restoration of alpine degraded grasslands under different topography types, appropriate methods should be adopted to reduce soil carbon emissions according to local conditions to cope with global climate change.

Key words: alpine grassland, grassland degradation, topography, soil organic carbon, soil labile organic carbon component

中图分类号:

X144

王宇星, 王文颖, 熊友才, 杨方堃, 马燕梅. 高寒草地土壤总有机碳与活性碳组分对退化和地形的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(6): 831-842.

WANG Yuxing, WANG Wenying, XIONG Youcai, YANG Fangkun, MA Yanmei. Responses of Soil Total Organic Carbon and Labile Carbon Components to Degradation and Topography of Alpine Grassland[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(6): 831-842.

图/表 10

表1 样地基本情况

Table 1 Basic overview of the sample plots

样地类型	经纬度	海拔高度/m	覆盖度/%	优势物种	伴生物种
原生滩地	37°40′12″N， 101°21′0″E	3378	84.9	矮生嵩草 Carex alatauensis	垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans，高山嵩草 Carex parvula
中度退化滩地	37°40′18″N，101°21′18″E	3379	60.4	蕨麻 Argentina anserina	高山嵩草 C. parvula，矮生嵩草 C. alatauensis
重度退化滩地	37°40′20″N， 101°21′34″E	3378	11.6	蕨麻 A. anserina	西伯利亚蓼 Knorringia sibirica，垂穗披碱草 E. nutans
原生陡坡地	37°40′48″N， 101°20′12″E	3347	84.5	高山嵩草 C. parvula	金露梅 Dasiphora fruticosa，矮生嵩草 C. alatauensis
中度退化陡坡地	37°40′42″N，101°19′57″E	3347	70.8	垂穗披碱草 E. nutans	金露梅 D. fruticosa，高山嵩草 C. parvula
重度退化陡坡地	37°40′35″N，101°19′36″E	3348	7.44	西伯利亚蓼 K. sibirica	蕨麻 A. anserina，垂穗披碱草 E. nutans

图1 样地图

Figure 1 Images of the sample plots

图2 不同退化程度滩地与陡坡地植物群落α多样性不同大写字母表示不同退化程度之间差异显著（p<0.05），不同小写字母表示不同地形类型之间差异显著（p<0.05）。ND表示原生，MD表示中度退化，HD表示重度退化。D表示退化程度，S表示地形类型，*表示在p<0.05水平显著，**表示在p<0.01水平显著，ns表示不显著

Figure 2 The plant community species α diversity in beachland and steep-slopeland with different degradation degrees

图3 不同退化程度滩地与陡坡地植物地上地下生物量变化特征不同大写字母表示不同退化程度之间差异显著（p<0.05），不同小写字母表示不同地形类型之间差异显著（p<0.05），不同数字表示不同深度之间差异显著（p<0.05）；ND表示原生，MD表示中度退化，HD表示重度退化；D表示退化程度，S表示地形类型；*表示在p<0.05水平显著，**表示在p<0.01水平显著，ns表示不显著，下同

Figure 3 Changes of plant above ground biomass and below ground biomass in beachland and steep-slopeland with different degradation degrees

图4 不同退化程度滩地与陡坡地土壤水分质量分数、容重、pH值变化特征

Figure 4 Changes of soil moisture mass fraction, bulk density and pH value in beachland and steep-slopeland with different degradation degrees

图5 不同退化程度滩地与陡坡地土壤总碳、总氮、有机碳质量分数变化特征

Figure 5 Changes of soil total carbon, total nitrogen and organic carbon mass fraction in beachland and steep-slopeland with different degradation degrees

图6 不同退化程度滩地与陡坡地土壤活性有机碳组分质量分数变化特征

Figure 6 Changes of soil labile organic carbon components mass fraction in beachland and steep-slopeland with different degradation degrees

图7 不同退化程度滩地与陡坡地土壤活性有机碳组分占总有机碳比值

Figure 7 The ratio of soil labile organic carbon components to total soil organic carbon in beachland and steep-slopeland with different degradation degrees

图8 土壤有机碳及活性有机碳组分与植物群落、土壤理化性质相关性热图矩形内部*表示在p<0.05水平上显著，**表示在p<0.01水平上显著，***表示在p<0.001水平上显著；AGB：地上生物量；BGB：地下生物量；H?：Shannon-Wiener指数；D：Simpson指数；J?：Pielou指数；SM：土壤水分质量分数；BD：容重；TC：总碳；TN：总氮；SOC：土壤有机碳；MBC：微生物生物量碳；DOC：溶解有机碳；EOC：易氧化有机碳

Figure 8 Correlation heat maps between soil organic carbon, labile organic carbon components and plant community, soil physicochemical properties

图9 土壤有机碳及活性有机碳组分与植物群落、土壤理化性质冗余分析图红色箭头表示响应变量，蓝色箭头表示解释变量

Figure 9 Redundancy analysis diagrams of soil organic carbon, labile organic carbon components and plant community, soil physicochemical properties

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高寒草地土壤总有机碳与活性碳组分对退化和地形的响应

Responses of Soil Total Organic Carbon and Labile Carbon Components to Degradation and Topography of Alpine Grassland

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