福建省耕地占补时空分异及其对生态系统服务价值的影响研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.12.002

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 1837-1848.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.12.002

福建省耕地占补时空分异及其对生态系统服务价值的影响研究

林馨¹^,²^,³(), 徐伟铭¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 廖云婷¹^,²^,³, 邵尔辉¹^,²^,³

1.福州大学数字中国研究院（福建），福建福州 350108
2.福州大学空间数据挖掘与信息共享教育部重点实验室，福建福州 350002
3.福州大学地理空间信息技术国家地方联合工程技术研究中心，福建福州 350002

收稿日期:2024-05-10 出版日期:2024-12-18 发布日期:2024-12-31
通讯作者: *徐伟铭。E-mail: xwming2@126.com
作者简介:林馨（2000年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为国土空间规划。E-mail: linx129@163.com
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）(XDA23100502);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0503505-6);福建省科技厅引导性项目(2022H0009);福建省自然资源科技创新项目(KY-020000-04-2024-007)

Spatial-temporal Differentiation of Cultivated Land Requisition-Compensation Balance and Its Impact on Ecosystem Service Value in Fujian Province

LIN Xin¹^,²^,³(), XU Weiming¹^,²^,³^,^*(), LIAO Yunting¹^,²^,³, SHAO Erhui¹^,²^,³

1. Institute of Digital China, Fuzhou University (Fujian), Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
2. Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining & Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
3. National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Geo-spatial Information Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China

Received:2024-05-10 Online:2024-12-18 Published:2024-12-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探索耕地占补的时空分异特征及其对生态系统服务价值（ESV）的影响，有助于摸清耕地变化趋势，对保障粮食安全和生态文明建设具有重要意义。基于2000、2005、2010、2015和2020年5期土地利用遥感解译数据，运用空间分析和数字地形分析等方法揭示福建省耕地占补过程的时空分异特征，并结合修正的ESV当量对福建省ESV评估，最后利用冷热点分析等方法进一步揭示耕地占补对ESV的影响。结果表明：1）2000－2020年福建耕地面积大幅度减少，耕地净变化率为−22.3%，存在“占多补少”现象。耕地占用主要以林地和建设用地为主，耕地补充类型以林地居多，且耕地占补空间分布不均匀，耕地占用主要发生在东南沿海，耕地补充主要发生在中部和西北部；2）20年间占用耕地平均坡度/海拔均小于补充耕地。耕地占补坡度分布优势区分别为0°－11°、0°－13°坡度区段，海拔分布优势区分别为0－320、0－340 m海拔区段，且占用耕地优势区向低坡度/海拔移动、补充耕地优势区向高坡度/海拔移动，说明福建省耕地资源存在“占缓补陡”、“占低补高”现象；3）20年间福建省ESV总体上表现为持续降低，耕地占补导致ESV减少了15.6亿元，主要是林地、水域补偿耕地和建设占用耕地导致ESV减少。其中2015－2020年，耕地占补导致ESV减少达到峰值，占整体变化的49.3%。2000－2020年福建省耕地占补导致ESV变化值存在明显的空间聚集特征，热点区主要分布在漳州市南部，冷点区主要分布在厦门市和泉州市沿海地区。研究结果可为福建省完善耕地占补政策及生态文明建设提供科学参考和决策依据。

关键词: 耕地占补, 时空分异, 地形梯度, 生态系统服务价值, 福建省

Abstract:

Exploring the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of the cultivated land requisition-compensation balance and its impact on ecosystem service value (ESV) is essential for understanding land-use change trends, ensuring food security, and promoting ecological civilization. Based on remote sensing interpretation data of land use from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, spatial and digital terrain analysis methods were employed to reveal the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of cultivated land requisition compensation in the Fujian Province. Additionally, ESV was evaluated using modified ESV coefficients. Finally, hotspot analysis methods were used to further elucidate the impact of cultivated land requisition compensation on the ESV. The results showed that 1) from 2000 to 2020, there was a significant decrease in cultivated land area in Fujian, with a net change rate of −22.3%, indicating an imbalance in the amount of cultivated land requisitioned and compensated. Requisition occurred mainly for forest and construction land, whereas compensation predominantly involved forestland. The spatial distribution of cultivated land occupation and compensation was uneven, with the requisition concentrated in the southeastern coastal regions and compensation concentrated mainly in the central and northwestern areas. 2) Over 20 years, the average slope and elevation of the requisitioned cultivated land were lower than those of compensated land. The slope distribution advantage zones for cultivated land requisition and compensation were within the 0-11° and 0-13° ranges, respectively, whereas the elevation distribution advantage zones were within the 0-320 m and 0-340 m ranges. Additionally, there was a shift towards lower slope/elevation areas for requisitioned land and higher slope/elevation areas for compensated land. These findings indicate that Fujian's cultivated land resources exhibit an “gentle requisition, steep compensation” and “low requisition, high compensation” phenomenon. 3) Over the 20 years, the overall ESV of Fujian Province showed a continuous decline, with a decrease of 1.56 billion yuan attributed to the requisition-compensation process, primarily due to the conversion of forest land, water bodies, and requisitioned land for construction. Notably, in 2015‒2020, the reduction in ESV due to cultivated land requirements and compensation peaked, accounting for 49.3% of the total change. The ESV changes from 2000 to 2020 exhibited significant clustering, with hotspots in the southern part of Zhangzhou and cold spots in the coastal areas of Xiamen and Quanzhou. These results can provide a scientific basis for improving requisition compensation policies and advancing the ecological civilization in Fujian Province.

Key words: cultivated land requisition-compensation balance, spatiotemporal differentiation, terrain gradient, ecosystem service value, Fujian Province

中图分类号:

F301
X826

林馨, 徐伟铭, 廖云婷, 邵尔辉. 福建省耕地占补时空分异及其对生态系统服务价值的影响研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(12): 1837-1848.

LIN Xin, XU Weiming, LIAO Yunting, SHAO Erhui. Spatial-temporal Differentiation of Cultivated Land Requisition-Compensation Balance and Its Impact on Ecosystem Service Value in Fujian Province[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(12): 1837-1848.

图/表 14

图1 福建省区位示意

Figure 1 Location of Fujian Province

表1 福建省单位面积生态系统服务价值系数

Table 1 Ecosystem service value coefficient per unit area in Fujian Province

一级服务	二级服务	不同生态系统单位面积生态系统服务价值系数/(10³yuan·hm⁻²a⁻¹)
一级服务	二级服务	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地
供给服务	食物生产	2.29	0.523	0.787	1.36	0	0
	原料生产	0.507	1.20	1.16	0.756	0	0
	水资源供给	−2.70	0.621	0.642	11.3	0	0
调节服务	气体调节	1.84	3.95	4.08	2.76	0	0.041
	气候调节	0.963	11.8	10.8	6.10	0	0
	净化环境	0.279	3.46	3.56	9.47	0	0.207
	水文调节	3.09	7.73	7.91	131	0	0.062
支持服务	土壤保持	1.08	4.81	4.97	3.35	0	0.041
	维持养分循环	0.320	0.367	0.373	0.259	0	0
	生物多样性	0.352	4.38	4.51	10.8	0	0.041
文化服务	美学景观	0.155	1.92	1.99	6.85	0	0.021

图2 福建省耕地利用转移桑基图

Figure 2 Sankey diagram of cultivated land use transfer in Fujian Province

图3 福建省耕地净变化率

Figure 3 Net change rate of cultivated land in Fujian Province

图4 福建省耕地占补内部转移格局

Figure 4 Internal transfer pattern of cultivated land occupation and compensation in Fujian Province

图5 福建省地级市耕地占补内部转移面积占比率

Figure 5 Ratio of cultivated land to internal transfer area in prefecture-level cities of Fujian Province

图6 2000－2020年福建省耕地占补的坡度谱

Figure 6 Slope spectrum of cultivated land in Fujian Province from 2000 to 2020

表2 福建省耕地占补的平均坡度

Table 2 Average slope of cultivated land in Fujian Province

耕地占补类型	年份
耕地占补类型	2000－2005	2005－2010	2010－2015	2015－2020
占用	11.8°	11.1°	11.3°	10.3°
补充	13.5°	14.1°	12.7°	14.1°

图7 2000－2020年福建省耕地占补的海拔谱

Figure 7 Altitude spectrum of arable land in Fujian Province from 2000 to 2020

表3 福建省耕地占补的平均海拔

Table 3 Average elevation of cultivated land in Fujian Province

耕地占补类型	年份
耕地占补类型	2000－2005	2005－2010	2010－2015	2015－2020
占用	149 m	129 m	141 m	147 m
补充	153 m	174 m	167 m	169 m

图8 2000－2020年福建省生态系统服务价值

Figure 8 Value of ecosystem services in Fujian Province from 2000 to 2020

图9 福建省各土地利用类型及耕地占补ESV变化值

Figure 9 Change value of ESV for each land use type and cultivated land occupation in Fujian Province

表4 福建省耕地占补导致的ESV变化

Table 4 ESV changes caused by cultivated land occupation and compensation in Fujian Province

ESV变化类型	耕地占补类型	2000－2005	2005－2010	2010－2015	2015－2020	2000－2020
ESV变化类型	耕地占补类型	ESV变化值/亿元	ESV变化值/亿元	ESV变化值/亿元	ESV变化值/亿元	ESV变化值/亿元	贡献率/%
导致ESV 增加	耕地-林地	61.7	74.1	63.7	49.3	75.5	52.0
	耕地-草地	0.406	0.198	0.250	0.051	0.207	0.144
	耕地-水域	19.5	9.53	17.4	7.56	20.1	13.9
	建设用地-耕地	2.68	3.52	2.89	4.33	2.60	1.79
	未利用地-耕地	0.949	1.34	0.966	1.44	1.15	0.792
	合计	85.3	88.7	85.2	62.7	99.6	68.6
导致ESV 减少	耕地-建设用地	−5.87	−4.82	−9.83	−7.15	−21.8	−15.0
	耕地-未利用地	−1.81	−1.65	−2.63	−1.95	−2.57	−1.77
	林地-耕地	−63.7	−60.7	−59.2	−60.3	−65.6	−45.2
	草地-耕地	−0.125	−0.178	−0.189	−0.089	−0.285	−0.200
	水域-耕地	−11.1	−28.9	−6.09	−9.05	−24.9	−17.2
	合计	−82.6	−96.3	−77.9	−78.6	−115	−79.3

图10 福建省耕地占补导致的ESV变化冷热点区分布图

Figure 10 Map of ESV changes caused by cultivated land occupation and compensation in Fujian province

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福建省耕地占补时空分异及其对生态系统服务价值的影响研究

Spatial-temporal Differentiation of Cultivated Land Requisition-Compensation Balance and Its Impact on Ecosystem Service Value in Fujian Province

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