崩岗崩积体坡面初始产流时间影响因素及其临界阈值

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.01.005

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 36-46.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.01.005

崩岗崩积体坡面初始产流时间影响因素及其临界阈值

刘希林^*(), 卓瑞娜

中山大学地理科学与规划学院，广东广州 510006

收稿日期:2022-10-17 出版日期:2023-01-18 发布日期:2023-04-06
通讯作者: *刘希林（1963年生），男，教授，博士，主要从事灾害地貌过程及评估研究。E-mail: liuxilin@mail.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41971006)

Influential Factors and Their Critical Thresholds of Initial Runoff Production Time on the Benggang Colluvial Slopes

LIU Xilin^*(), ZHUO Ruina

School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China

Received:2022-10-17 Online:2023-01-18 Published:2023-04-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

崩岗崩积体坡面原位模拟降雨试验研究还不多见。明确不同雨强、坡度和土体初始含水率对崩积体坡面初始产流时间的影响及其临界阈值，可加深对崩岗产汇流的认识，为合理配置水土资源和完善崩岗治理提供指导。以广东德庆县8个崩积体为试验地点，基于前期对崩积体土体理化性质的测定，采用便携式野外模拟降雨装置、无线自计气象仪和土壤剖面水分测定仪，在面积1 m×2 m的崩积体坡面径流场内，通过9种雨强（0.8—3.8 mm·min^-1）、8种坡度（9°—38°）、12次10 cm深度土体初始含水率（0.2%—20.5%）的不同组合，进行了12场野外模拟降雨及崩积体坡面产流试验。结果表明，初始产流时间随降雨强度的持续增大而逐渐缩短，没有表现出明显的阈值现象。当坡度<26°—30°时，初始产流时间随坡度的增大而缩短；当坡度>26°—30°时，初始产流时间随坡度的增大而略有加长，初步判断26°—30°的坡度是影响初始产流时间的临界坡度。当10 cm深度土体初始含水率<7.8%—8.3%时，初始产流时间随10 cm深度土体初始含水率的变化没有明显的规律性；当10 cm深度土体初始含水率>7.8%—8.3%时，初始产流时间随10 cm深度土体初始含水率的升高而缩短，因而7.8%—8.3%的10 cm深度土体初始含水率可能是影响初始产流时间的临界阈值。在影响崩积体坡面初始产流时间的3个主要因素中，降雨强度对初始产流时间影响最大，土体初始含水率的影响次之，坡度的影响相对最小。土壤条件也是影响崩积体坡面产汇流的关键因素之一，开展不同区域土壤质地、土壤类型、土壤状况下崩积体坡面产汇流过程的对比分析，是今后需要加强的研究方向。该文初步发现的坡度和10 cm深度土体初始含水率的临界现象，也需要开展更多的试验和实证研究。

关键词: 崩岗, 崩积体坡面, 初始产流时间, 模拟降雨试验, 影响因素, 临界阈值, 响应曲面分析

Abstract:

There are few experimental studies on in-situ simulation of rainfall on Benggang colluvial slope. Clarifying the influence of different rainfall intensities, slopes and initial soil moisture content on the initial runoff production time of colluvial slope and their critical thresholds can improve the understanding of the runoff production and concentration in the Benggang catchment, and may provide guidelines for rational allocation of water and soil resources and improvement of Benggang erosion control. In this study, 8 Benggang colluvial slopes at Guanxu Town in Deqing County of Guangdong Province were taken as the experimental sites. Based on the previous measurement of physical and chemical properties of the colluvial soil mass, using a portable field simulated rainfall device, a wireless weather meter and a soil profile moisture meter, in the runoff field of the colluvial slope with an area of 1 m×2 m, 12 field simulated rainfall and runoff production on the colluvial slopes were carried out with different combinations of 9 rainfall intensities (0.8-3.8 mm·min^-1), 8 slopes (9°-38°) and 12 initial soil moistures (0.2%-20.5%) at 10 cm depth. The results show that the initial runoff production time gradually decreased with the continuous increase of rainfall intensity, and there was no obvious threshold phenomenon. When the slope was less than 26°, the initial runoff production time decreased as the slope increased; when the slope was more than 30°, the initial runoff production time slightly lengthened with the increase of the slope; it is preliminarily determined that the slope of 26°-30° was the critical slope affecting the initial runoff production time. When the initial soil moisture at 10 cm depth was less than 7.8%, the initial runoff production time had no obvious regularity with the change of initial soil moisture; when the initial soil moisture at 10 cm depth was more than 8.3%, the initial runoff production time decreased with the increase of the initial soil moisture; therefore, the initial soil moisture of 7.8%-8.3% at 10 cm depth may be a critical threshold affecting the initial runoff production time. Among the three main factors affecting the initial runoff production time of colluvial slope, the influence of rainfall intensity was the greatest, followed by the initial soil moisture, and the influence of slope was relatively minimal. Furthermore, soil condition is also one of the key factors affecting the runoff generation and concentration on colluvial slopes. Comparative analysis of the runoff generation and concentration process of the colluvial slopes under different regional soil textures, types and conditions is a research direction that needs to be strengthened, and the critical phenomenon of the slope and initial soil moisture at 10 cm depth need also to be demonstrated by more field experiments and empirical researches in the future.

Key words: Benggang, colluvial slope, initial runoff production time, simulated rainfall experiment, influential factor, critical threshold, response surface analysis

中图分类号:

P934
X144

刘希林, 卓瑞娜. 崩岗崩积体坡面初始产流时间影响因素及其临界阈值[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(1): 36-46.

LIU Xilin, ZHUO Ruina. Influential Factors and Their Critical Thresholds of Initial Runoff Production Time on the Benggang Colluvial Slopes[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(1): 36-46.

图/表 9

图1 广东德庆县官圩镇野外模拟降雨试验点：崩岗流域全貌

Figure 1 Full view of the Benggang catchments for the field simulated rainfalls at Guanxu Town in Deqing County of Guangdong Province

图2 野外模拟降雨试验使用的喷嘴及其内径

Figure 2 Nozzles and their inner diameters used in the field simulated rainfalls

图3 野外人工模拟降雨和崩积体坡面产流试验装置示意图

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the field artificial simulated rainfall and colluvial slope runoff experiment devices

图4 野外模拟降雨和崩积体坡面产流试验现场

Figure 4 On-site experiments of the field simulated rainfall and colluvial slope runoff

表1 崩积体坡面初始产流时间及其实测数据

Table 1 Initial runoff production time and their actual measurement data on colluvial slopes

崩积体编号	初始产流时间/ min	降雨量/ mm	降雨历时/ min	降雨强度/ (mm·min^-1)	崩积体坡度/ (°)	不同深度土体初始含水率/%
崩积体编号	初始产流时间/ min	降雨量/ mm	降雨历时/ min	降雨强度/ (mm·min^-1)	崩积体坡度/ (°)	10 cm	20 cm	30 cm	40 cm	60 cm	100 cm
1—1	1.6	4.5	1.6	2.8	25	0.2	8.4	22.7	28.2	32.5	26.5
1—1	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.2	25	3.1	10.8	24.9	29.4	36.6	27.6
1—2	1.1	2.7	1.1	2.5	38	9.8	26.1	31.0	36.2	36.7	36.9
1—3	1.6	4.4	1.6	2.8	27	5.8	14.2	19.0	22.9	24.4	31.9
2—1	2.6	3.2	2.7	1.2	32	11.8	21.0	25.4	22.9	25.1	34.9
2—1	0.6	1.2	0.6	2.0	32	20.5	30.6	32.3	29.2	28.9	37.6
2—2	1.6	2.1	1.6	1.3	21	6.3	11.6	16.5	23.7	29.6	21.0
3—1	5.7	17.4	5.6	3.1	9	19.3	21.9	23.0	31.7	35.1	24.6
3—1	8.3	6.6	8.3	0.8	9	18.7	23.4	24.6	29.7	35.5	31.6
4—1	1.5	2.7	1.5	1.8	30	7.8	20.0	23.7	25.7	34.5	31.8
4—1	0.4	1.5	0.4	3.8	30	10.8	27.2	30.2	32.2	37.3	30.8
4—2	1.7	2.1	1.8	1.2	24	1.5	6.1	21.8	40.5	35.5	32.6

图5 崩积体坡面坡度与初始产流时间的关系

Figure 5 Relationship between slope and initial runoff production time on colluvial slopes

图6 不同降雨强度下坡度和10 cm深度土体初始含水率对初始产流时间的影响 (a)—(i)代表不同降雨强度，分别为0.8、1.2、1.3、1.8、2.0、2.5、2.8、3.1和3.8 mm·min-1

Figure 6 Influences of the different slopes and 10 cm depth initial soil moistures on the initial runoff production time under different rainfall intensities

图7 不同10 cm深度土体初始含水率下降雨强度和坡度对初始产流时间的影响 (a)—(l) 代表10 cm深度不同土体初始含水率，分别为0.2%、1.5%、3.1%、5.8%、6.3%、7.8%、9.8%、10.8%、11.8%、18.7%、19.3%和20.5%

Figure 7 Influences of the different rainfall intensities and slopes on the initial runoff production time under different 10 cm depth initial soil moistures

图8 不同坡度下降雨强度和10 cm深度土体初始含水率对初始产流时间的影响 (a)—(h) 代表不同坡度，分别为9°、21°、24°、25°、27°、30°、32°和38°

Figure 8 Influences of the different rainfall intensities and 10 cm depth initial soil moistures on the initial runoff production time under different slopes

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崩岗崩积体坡面初始产流时间影响因素及其临界阈值

Influential Factors and Their Critical Thresholds of Initial Runoff Production Time on the Benggang Colluvial Slopes

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