全球水体微囊藻毒素分布特征及其潜在环境风险分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.01.014

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 129-138.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.01.014

全球水体微囊藻毒素分布特征及其潜在环境风险分析

童银栋^*(), 黄兰兰, 杨宁, 张奕妍, 李子芃, 邵波

天津大学环境科学与工程学院，天津 300350

收稿日期:2022-07-18 出版日期:2023-01-18 发布日期:2023-04-06
通讯作者: *童银栋（1986年生），男，教授，博士，研究方向为水体富营养化与有毒物耦合生态风险。E-mail: yindongtong@tju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划专项(2018YFA0903000);国家自然科学基金项目(42122059);国家自然科学基金项目(41977324)

Distribution Characteristics and Potential Environmental Risk Analysis of Microcystins in Global Water Bodies

TONG Yindong^*(), HUANG Lanlan, YANG Ning, ZHANG Yiyan, LI Zipeng, SHAO Bo

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China

Received:2022-07-18 Online:2023-01-18 Published:2023-04-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于气候变暖和氮磷等外源营养物输入居高不下，全球许多水体中蓝藻水华（CyanoHABs）事件频繁发生，甚至在一些水质已经恢复的区域出现了反弹。部分水华蓝藻（如铜绿微囊藻Microcystis aeruginosa、念珠藻Nostoc等）会产生微囊藻毒素（Microcystins，MCs），危害人体和水生态健康。利用Web of Science数据库调研了全球不同地区324个湖库（共1291条数据）和15条河流（共96条数据）中MCs质量浓度；同时调查水温、pH、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、氮磷比等信息。结果表明，49.8%调查水体中胞外MCs质量浓度低于世界卫生组织标准（1 μg·L^-1）。相关性分析表明，水体中ΣMCs质量浓度与硝酸盐氮、氨氮、氮磷比等水环境因子指标存在显著相关性。基于美国环保署水生物毒性数据库，利用风险商法评估了MC-LR水生态风险，研究表明，17.5%调查水体具有较低风险（0.1<RQ≤1），10.2%水体中具有中风险（1<RQ≤10），1.5%水体具有较高的风险（RQ>10）。在MCs毒害作用机制方面，应加强MCs对生物体已有疾病（如炎症、糖原动态平衡障碍）的作用机理研究以及MCs对线粒体的影响研究，并进一步研究MCs对PP1/2A酶的亚基蛋白影响机理。

关键词: 蓝藻水华, 微囊藻毒素质量浓度, 水体营养状态, 水生态风险, 人群健康风险

Abstract:

With climate warming and high input of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, CyanoHABs occur frequently in many water bodies around the world, and even rebound in some areas where water quality has been restored. Some cyanobacteria, such as Microcystis aeruginosa and Nostoc, produce microcystins (MCs), which are harmful to human body and water ecological health. In this study, the Web of Science database was used to investigate the reported concentrations of MCs in 324 lakes and reservoirs (1291 data in total) and 15 rivers (96 data in total) in different regions of the world, and water quality index such as water temperature, pH, nitrate, ammonium and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P) were investigated. The results of the study showed that 40.5% of the surveyed water bodies had concentrations of MCs lower than the World Health Organization standard (1 μg·L^-1). The results of correlation analysis showed that there was significant correlations between the mass concentration of MCs in the water body and water environmental factors such as nitrate, ammonium and N/P. Based on the EPA Aquatic Toxicity Database, the risk quotient was used to evaluate the aquatic ecological risk of MC-LR. The study showed that 17.5% of the surveyed water bodies had low risks (0.1<RQ≤1), 10.2% of the water bodies had medium risks (1<RQ≤10), and 1.5% of the water bodies had high risks (RQ>10). In terms of the toxic mechanism of MCs, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the mechanism of MCs on existing diseases (such as inflammation and glycogen dynamic balance disorder) and the effect of MCs on mitochondria, and further study on the effect mechanism of MCs on PP1/2A subunit protein.

Key words: harmful cyanobacterial blooms, microcystin concentration, nutrient state of water, water ecological risk, population health risks, toxic mechanism

中图分类号:

童银栋, 黄兰兰, 杨宁, 张奕妍, 李子芃, 邵波. 全球水体微囊藻毒素分布特征及其潜在环境风险分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(1): 129-138.

TONG Yindong, HUANG Lanlan, YANG Ning, ZHANG Yiyan, LI Zipeng, SHAO Bo. Distribution Characteristics and Potential Environmental Risk Analysis of Microcystins in Global Water Bodies[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(1): 129-138.

图/表 8

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分类	物种	MCs类型	暴露方式	LC₅₀/ (mg·L^-1)	参考文献
植物	金鱼藻C eratophyllum demersum	MC-LR	静水暴露	5.00	Pflugmacher, 2002
植物	少根紫萍 Spirodela oligorrhiza	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.52	(吕志伟, 2015)³⁷
浮游植物	浮丝藻 Planktothrix rubescens	MC-LR	静水暴露	8.60	EPA毒性数据库
无脊椎动物	丰年虾 Artemia salina	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.85-4.58	EPA毒性数据库 (Romanowska-Duda et al., 2002⁴³⁹; Delaney et al., 1995; Metcalf et al., 2002; Tarczynska et al., 2001³⁸⁸)
	大旋口虫 Spirostomum ambiguum	MC-LR	静水暴露	19.40	(Tarczynska et al., 2001)³⁸⁸
	蚤草属 Daphnia pulicaria	MC-LR	静水暴露	21.40	(DeMott et al., 1991)¹³⁵⁰
	透明溞 Daphnia hyalma	MC-LR	静水暴露	11.60	(DeMott et al., 1991)¹³⁵⁰
	蚤状溞 Daphnia pulex	MC-LR	静水暴露	9.60	(DeMott et al., 1991)¹³⁵⁰
	镖水蚤 Diaptomus birgei	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.73	(DeMott et al., 1991)¹³⁵⁰
	真宽水蚤 Eurytemora affinis	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.27	(Reinikainen et al., 2002)
	多刺裸腹溞 Moina macrocopa	MC-LR	静水暴露	1.65	(Yasuno et al., 1991)
	二纹蜉蝣 Hexagenia sp. hatchlings	MC-LR	静水暴露	1.11	(Smith et al., 2008)
	大型溞 Daphnia magna	MC-LR	静水暴露	20.30	(Chen et al., 2005)
	埃及伊蚊 Aedes aegypti	MC-LR	静水暴露	14.90	(Kiviranta et al., 1992)
	原足虫 Kalliapseudes schubartii	MC-LR	静水暴露	1440.00	(Montagnolli et al., 2004)
	圣保罗对虾 Farfantepenaeus paulensis	MC-LR	静水暴露	2960.00	(吕志伟, 2015)³⁷
	圣保罗对虾后期幼体 Farfantepenaeus paulensis postlarvae	MC-LR	静水暴露	2.25	(Salomon et al., 2017)
	萼花臂轮虫 Brachionus calyciflorus	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.06	EPA毒性数据库
	梨形四膜虫 Tetrahymena pyriformis	MC-LR	静水暴露	252.00	(Romanowska-Duda et al., 2002)⁴³⁹
	同形溞 Daphnia similis	MC-LR	静水暴露	667.50	(Herrera et al., 2015)⁴²
	光滑溞 Daphnia laevis	MC-LR	静水暴露	295.25	(Herrera et al., 2015)⁴²
	微型裸腹溞 Moina micrura	MC-LR	静水暴露	985.25	(Herrera et al., 2015)⁴²
	贻贝 Lampsilis siliquoidea	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.13	EPA毒性数据库
脊椎动物	成年泥鳅 Misguruns mizolepis juvenile	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.59	(Liu et al., 2002)³⁹⁸
	幼体泥鳅 Misguruns mizolepis larvae	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.16	(Liu et al., 2002)³⁹⁷
	胚胎泥鳅 Misguruns mizolepis embryo	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.24	(Liu et al., 2002)³⁹⁶

分类	物种	MCs类型	暴露方式	LC₅₀/ (mg·L^-1)	参考文献
植物	金鱼藻C eratophyllum demersum	MC-LR	静水暴露	5.00	Pflugmacher, 2002
植物	少根紫萍 Spirodela oligorrhiza	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.52	(吕志伟, 2015)³⁷
浮游植物	浮丝藻 Planktothrix rubescens	MC-LR	静水暴露	8.60	EPA毒性数据库
无脊椎动物	丰年虾 Artemia salina	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.85-4.58	EPA毒性数据库 (Romanowska-Duda et al., 2002⁴³⁹; Delaney et al., 1995; Metcalf et al., 2002; Tarczynska et al., 2001³⁸⁸)
	大旋口虫 Spirostomum ambiguum	MC-LR	静水暴露	19.40	(Tarczynska et al., 2001)³⁸⁸
	蚤草属 Daphnia pulicaria	MC-LR	静水暴露	21.40	(DeMott et al., 1991)¹³⁵⁰
	透明溞 Daphnia hyalma	MC-LR	静水暴露	11.60	(DeMott et al., 1991)¹³⁵⁰
	蚤状溞 Daphnia pulex	MC-LR	静水暴露	9.60	(DeMott et al., 1991)¹³⁵⁰
	镖水蚤 Diaptomus birgei	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.73	(DeMott et al., 1991)¹³⁵⁰
	真宽水蚤 Eurytemora affinis	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.27	(Reinikainen et al., 2002)
	多刺裸腹溞 Moina macrocopa	MC-LR	静水暴露	1.65	(Yasuno et al., 1991)
	二纹蜉蝣 Hexagenia sp. hatchlings	MC-LR	静水暴露	1.11	(Smith et al., 2008)
	大型溞 Daphnia magna	MC-LR	静水暴露	20.30	(Chen et al., 2005)
	埃及伊蚊 Aedes aegypti	MC-LR	静水暴露	14.90	(Kiviranta et al., 1992)
	原足虫 Kalliapseudes schubartii	MC-LR	静水暴露	1440.00	(Montagnolli et al., 2004)
	圣保罗对虾 Farfantepenaeus paulensis	MC-LR	静水暴露	2960.00	(吕志伟, 2015)³⁷
	圣保罗对虾后期幼体 Farfantepenaeus paulensis postlarvae	MC-LR	静水暴露	2.25	(Salomon et al., 2017)
	萼花臂轮虫 Brachionus calyciflorus	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.06	EPA毒性数据库
	梨形四膜虫 Tetrahymena pyriformis	MC-LR	静水暴露	252.00	(Romanowska-Duda et al., 2002)⁴³⁹
	同形溞 Daphnia similis	MC-LR	静水暴露	667.50	(Herrera et al., 2015)⁴²
	光滑溞 Daphnia laevis	MC-LR	静水暴露	295.25	(Herrera et al., 2015)⁴²
	微型裸腹溞 Moina micrura	MC-LR	静水暴露	985.25	(Herrera et al., 2015)⁴²
	贻贝 Lampsilis siliquoidea	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.13	EPA毒性数据库
脊椎动物	成年泥鳅 Misguruns mizolepis juvenile	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.59	(Liu et al., 2002)³⁹⁸
	幼体泥鳅 Misguruns mizolepis larvae	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.16	(Liu et al., 2002)³⁹⁷
	胚胎泥鳅 Misguruns mizolepis embryo	MC-LR	静水暴露	0.24	(Liu et al., 2002)³⁹⁶

计算结果	湖库			河流			MCs指导值
计算结果	范围	平均值	中值	范围	平均值	中值	MCs指导值
ρ_(MEC)/(μg·L^-1)	0-471.45	11.27	0.31	0.05-97	10.64	0.53	0.8	1	1.3	10
RQ	0-38.55	0.92	0.03	<7.93	0.87	0.04	0.07	0.08	0.11	0.82

计算结果	湖库			河流			MCs指导值
计算结果	范围	平均值	中值	范围	平均值	中值	MCs指导值
ρ_(MEC)/(μg·L^-1)	0-471.45	11.27	0.31	0.05-97	10.64	0.53	0.8	1	1.3	10
RQ	0-38.55	0.92	0.03	<7.93	0.87	0.04	0.07	0.08	0.11	0.82

全球水体微囊藻毒素分布特征及其潜在环境风险分析

Distribution Characteristics and Potential Environmental Risk Analysis of Microcystins in Global Water Bodies

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