杞麓湖中河河口表流湿地净化河道污染水的效果及其微生物群落特征

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.017

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 1865-1875.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.017

杞麓湖中河河口表流湿地净化河道污染水的效果及其微生物群落特征

陈小弯¹(), 田华川²^,³, 常军军¹^,^*(), 陈礼强⁴, 舒兴权²^,³, 冯秀祥²^,³^,^*()

1.云南大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明 650500
2.通海秀杞生态投资建设有限公司,云南玉溪 652700
3.云南建设基础设施投资股份有限公司,云南昆明650501
4.云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院,云南昆明 650500

收稿日期:2022-05-07 出版日期:2022-09-18 发布日期:2022-11-07
通讯作者: 冯秀祥（1973年生）,男,高级工程师,主要从事环境生态工程技术应用与管理工作。E-mail: 510920603@qq.com
*常军军（1985年生）,男,教授,主要从事环境污染及其生态修复研究。E-mail: changjunjun@ynu.edu.cn;
作者简介:陈小弯（1998年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事水环境污染与修复研究。E-mail: 2224718574@qq.com
基金资助:
云南建投集团科技创新项目(YNYX-2020-0574);云南省社会发展项目(202103AC100001)

Purification Efficiency for Polluted River Water and Microbial Community Characteristics of A Surface-flow Wetland Located at Zhonghe River Estuary near Qilu Lake

CHEN Xiaowan¹(), TIAN Huachuan²^,³, CHANG Junjun¹^,^*(), CHEN Liqiang⁴, SHU Xingquan²^,³, FENG Xiuxiang²^,³^,^*()

1. School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
2. Tong Hai Xiu Qi Ecological Investment and Construction Co. LTD, Yuxi 652700, P. R. China
3. Yunnan Infrastructure Investment Co. LTD, Kunming 650501, P. R. China
4. Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China

Received:2022-05-07 Online:2022-09-18 Published:2022-11-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究云南高原湖泊杞麓湖湖滨人工湿地的污水净化效果及其微生物群落特征,以中河河口表面流湿地为研究对象,进行了为期1年的监测分析,考察该湿地对COD、N、P等污染物的去除效果,并通过高通量测序方法分析了湿地沿程底泥中微生物群落的结构特征与差异。结果表明,中河河口湿地对NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和TN的季节平均去除率分别为16.4%-73.7%、5.16%-81.1%和22.3%-64.7%,其中秋季脱氮效果较好,而春季较差。TP和COD的平均去除率为31.8%和21.7%,部分月份去除效果较差,有待进一步强化。该湿地的各功能单元中,一级表流湿地对NH₄⁺-N、COD和TP的去除效果较佳,而植物强化沉淀塘和兼性塘对NO₃^--N、TN的去除效果较佳。湿地底泥微生物门水平上以变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）为优势,属水平上相对丰度较高的是硫杆菌属（Thiobacillus）、Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17属和聚糖菌属（Candidatus_Competibacter）等。一级表流湿地和兼性塘的微生物丰富度和多样性较高,湿地沿程前后段的微生物群落结构差异明显,污染物及其水平是造成该差异的重要原因之一。各类微生物在该湿地污水净化中起着重要作用。该研究可为高原湖泊湖滨污水净化湿地的建设、运行和管理提供一定的科学参考。

关键词: 杞麓湖, 河口人工湿地, 净化效果, 净化单元, 微生物群落

Abstract:

To investigate the wastewater purification efficiency and microbial community structure characteristics of constructed wetlands (CWs) beside Qilu Lake in Yunnan Plateau, the surface-flow CW located at the Zhonghe river estuary was taken as a representative for evaluating its removal efficiency for COD, N and P over a round year. The characteristics and differences of microbial community structure in the sediment along the wetland were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the seasonal average removal efficiencies for NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N and TN of the CW at Zhonghe river estuary were 16.4%-73.7%, -5.16%-81.1% and 22.3%-64.7%, respectively, with better nitrogen removal achieved in autumn but poorer in spring. The average removal rates for TP and COD were 31.8% and 21.7%, respectively, with the efficiency being poor in some months and requiring improvement. Among functional purification units in the CW, the first surface-flow CW system exhibited the best removal efficacy for NH₄⁺-N, COD and TP, while the plant-strengthened sedimentation pond and facultative pond achieved the best removal efficiency for NO₃^--N and TN. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes and Planctomycetes were the dominant phyla in the wetland sediment. At the genus level, Thiobacillus, Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17 and Candidatus_Competibacter, among others, showed high relative abundance. Microbial community richness and diversity were higher in the first surface-flow CW unit and facultative pond, and microbial community structures in the front and posterior sections of the CW were notably different, partly because of the accumulated pollutants and their levels. Various microorganisms played an important role in the wastewater purification in the CW at Zhonghe river estuary. This study can provide scientific reference for the construction, operation and management of CWs beside the plateau lakes for wastewater purification.

Key words: Qilu Lake, estuary constructed wetland, purification efficiency, purification units, microbial communities

中图分类号:

X524

陈小弯, 田华川, 常军军, 陈礼强, 舒兴权, 冯秀祥. 杞麓湖中河河口表流湿地净化河道污染水的效果及其微生物群落特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(9): 1865-1875.

CHEN Xiaowan, TIAN Huachuan, CHANG Junjun, CHEN Liqiang, SHU Xingquan, FENG Xiuxiang. Purification Efficiency for Polluted River Water and Microbial Community Characteristics of A Surface-flow Wetland Located at Zhonghe River Estuary near Qilu Lake[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(9): 1865-1875.

图/表 11

图1 中河河口人工湿地所在位置、采样位点、湿地各净化单元及其优势水生植物示意图

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the location, sampling points, purification units and the dominant aquatic plant species in the CW at Zhonghe river estuary

图2 中河河口湿地pH（a）、DO（b）、浊度（c）沿程月均值变化

Figure 2 Variation of monthly mean values of pH (a), DO (b) and turbidity (c) along the sampling points in the CW at Zhonghe river estuary n=12. The same below

图3 中河河口人工湿地中NH4+-N的月浓度变化（a）和季节去除效率（b）

Figure 3 Monthly variation of NH4+-N concentration (a) and seasonal NH4+-N removal efficiency (b) in the CW at Zhonghe river estuary

图4 中河河口人工湿地中NO3--N的月浓度变化（a）和季节去除效率（b）

Figure 4 Monthly variation of NO3--N concentration (a) and seasonal NO3--N removal efficiency (b) in the CW at Zhonghe river estuary

图5 中河河口人工湿地中NO2--N质量浓度的变化

Figure 5 Variation of NO2--N concentration in the CW at Zhonghe river estuary

图6 中河河口人工湿地中TN的月浓度变化（a）和季节去除效率（b）

Figure 6 Monthly variation of TN concentration (a) and seasonal TN removal efficiency (b) in the CW at Zhonghe river estuary

图7 中河河口人工湿地TP（a）和COD（b）质量浓度的沿程变化

Figure 7 Variation of TP (a) and COD (b) concentrations along the sampling points in the CW at Zhonghe river estuary

图8 中河河口人工湿地底泥微生物的丰富度（a）与多样性（b）指数

Figure 8 Richness (a) and diversity (b) indexes of microbial community in sediment of the CW at Zhonghe river estuary

图9 中河河口人工湿地底泥微生物在门（a）、属（b）水平上的群落结构

Figure 9 Microbial community structure at the level of phylum (a) and genus (b) in sediment of the CW at Zhonghe river estuary

图10 中河河口湿地微生物OTU分布的Venn图

Figure 10 Venn diagram of microbial OTU distribution in the CW at Zhonghe river estuary

图11 中河河口人工湿地微生物群落属水平聚类分析热图

Figure 11 Heat map of clustering analysis of microbial community at the genus level in the CW at Zhonghe river estuary

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杞麓湖中河河口表流湿地净化河道污染水的效果及其微生物群落特征

Purification Efficiency for Polluted River Water and Microbial Community Characteristics of A Surface-flow Wetland Located at Zhonghe River Estuary near Qilu Lake

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