三江源区高寒退化草甸土壤细菌多样性的对比研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.04.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 695-703.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.04.007

三江源区高寒退化草甸土壤细菌多样性的对比研究

王英成¹(), 姚世庭¹, 金鑫¹, 俞文政², 芦光新¹^,^*(), 王军邦³^,^*()

1.青海大学,青海西宁 810016
2.南京信息工程大学,江苏南京
3.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室/生态系统大数据与模拟中心,北京 100101

收稿日期:2021-11-04 出版日期:2022-04-18 发布日期:2022-06-22
通讯作者: jbwang@igsnrr.ac.cn
*E-mail: lugx74@qq.com;
作者简介:王英成（1995年生）,女,博士研究生,研究方向高寒草地微生物多样性及功能利用。E-mail: 1343014868@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2098);国家自然科学基金项目(31860103);青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”项目

Comparative Study on Soil Bacterial Diversity of Degraded Alpine Meadow in the Sanjiangyuan Region

WANG Yingcheng¹(), YAO Shiting¹, JIN Xin¹, YU Wenzhen², LU Guangxin¹^,^*(), WANG Junbang³^,^*()

1. Qinghai University, Xining 810016, P. R. China
2. School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
3. National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China

Received:2021-11-04 Online:2022-04-18 Published:2022-06-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究三江源区未退化高寒草甸与退化高寒草甸土壤细菌群落结构及多样性,采用巢氏取样方法和高通量测序技术,系统地对土壤细菌群落多样性、群落组成和结构及其与环境因子间的关系进行研究分析。结果表明,草地退化对植被和土壤都产生影响,草地退化降低了植被盖度和丰富度,使得土壤pH值增加,土壤向碱性化过渡,而土壤全氮、有机质和电导率的含量显著降低（P<0.05）。高通量测序得到优质有效细菌序列2168457条和71798个OTUs。草地退化对土壤细菌群落α多样性和物种组成都有显著影响（P<0.05）。其中,草甸退化导致土壤细菌物种指数（Observed Richness）、多样性指数（Shannon Index）和chao 1指数上升;变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）、奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）为主要优势菌门;草甸退化提高了放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的相对丰度,但却降低了疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）的相对丰度。通过PCoA和Dissimilarity检验的方法表明草地退化显著改变了退化草地土壤细菌群落结构。土壤异质性对土壤细菌群落具有一定的影响,其中,驱动土壤细菌群落的主要环境因子是土壤pH、有机质含量和总氮含量。该研究分析了细菌群落多样性和组成结构,揭示了退化高寒草甸土壤细菌群落多样性变化规律,为土壤微生物对草地退化方面的研究提供了参考。

关键词: 高寒草甸, 退化草地, 高通量测序, 土壤细菌, 微生物多样性, 群落结构

Abstract:

In order to explore the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities in the undegraded meadow and degraded meadow in the Sanjiangyuan Region, we systematically analyzed the soil bacterial diversity, community composition and structure, and their interactions with environmental factors, using the nested sampling method and high throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the alpine meadow degradation had an impact on both vegetation and soil. Alpine meadow degradation reduced the vegetation coverage and richness, increased the soil pH value, and resulted in a transition to alkaline soil, while the contents of total nitrogen, organic matter, and electrical conductivity in soil decreased significantly (P<0.05). The high-throughput sequencing identified 2168457 effective bacterial sequences and 76798 OTUs. The α-diversity and species composition of soil bacterial community were significantly affected by grassland degradation (P<0.05). The Observed Richness, Shannon Index, and Chao 1 Index were significantly higher in the undegraded alpine meadow than those in the degraded alpine meadow. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Thaumarchaeota were the dominant phylum. Alpine meadow degradation increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, but decreased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia. The PCoA and Dissimilarity tests showed that Alpine meadow degradation significantly changed the soil bacterial community structure. Soil heterogeneity had a certain effect on soil bacterial community. The main environmental factors driving the soil bacterial community were soil pH, soil organic matter content, and soil total nitrogen content. Our research systematically analyzed the variation of soil bacterial diversity in degraded alpine meadows, revealed the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities, and provided a reference for the future research related to the regulation of soil microorganisms on meadow degradation.

Key words: alpine meadow, grassland degradation, high-throughput sequencing, soil bacterial, microbial diversity, community structure

中图分类号:

S154
X171.1

王英成, 姚世庭, 金鑫, 俞文政, 芦光新, 王军邦. 三江源区高寒退化草甸土壤细菌多样性的对比研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(4): 695-703.

WANG Yingcheng, YAO Shiting, JIN Xin, YU Wenzhen, LU Guangxin, WANG Junbang. Comparative Study on Soil Bacterial Diversity of Degraded Alpine Meadow in the Sanjiangyuan Region[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(4): 695-703.

图/表 10

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植被名称 Vegetation	未退化草地 Undegraded alpine meadow	退化草地 Degraded alpine meadow
矮生忍冬 Lanicera minuta	10.40±3.16	16.34±6.76
车前草 Plantago major	—	5.59±0.00
臭蒿 Artemisia hedinii	—	6.04±0.00
独活 Heracleum millefolium	—	10.09±4.47
独一味 Lamiophlomis rotata	8.26±2.46	—
多裂委陵菜 Potentilla multifida	4.91±3.08	7.77±2.18
甘青大戟 Euphorbia micractina	4.48±0.91	9.08±3.06
高山嵩草 Kobresia pygmaea	47.58±10.16	41.97±17.73
高山唐松草 Thalictrum alpinum	—	12.16±11.25
海乳草 Glaux maritima	—	5.54±0.00
黄芪 Astragalus tanguticus	7.28±0.00	11.23±3.80
火绒草 Leontopodium leontopodioides	6.43±2.95	7.65±4.86
黄花棘豆 Oxytropis ochrocephala	8.52±4.65	9.05±5.17
赖草 Leymus secalinus	8.82±0.00	7.67±0.39
兰石草 Lancea tibetica	—	9.45±5.38
麻花艽 Gentiana straminea	6.87±1.60	10.23±3.07
美丽风毛菊 Saussurea superba	8.88±6.37	7.51±0.00
蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	4.30±1.48	3.18±0.96
青藏龙胆 Gentiana futtereri	6.74±2.49	8.79±2.11
狮牙风毛菊 Saussurea leontodontoides	7.33±0.00	—
苔草 Carex spp.	—	11.35±0.00
兔耳草 Lagotis brevituba	7.13±5.32	7.76±0.58
细叶亚菊 Ajania tenuifolia	9.22±2.62	16.69±6.71
星状风毛菊 Saussurea stella	8.16±2.07	—
雪灵芝 Arenaria kansuensis Maxim.	4.26±1.86	11.72±8.91
重冠紫菀 Aster diplostephioides	14.17±7.38	16.19±12.82
紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea	21.35±4.83	19.47±4.39
植被盖度 Vegetation cover/%	87	72
物种数 Species	7.26±1.24a	6.18±1.24b
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass/(g∙m^-2)	69.01±25.75a	59.86±26.52b

植被名称 Vegetation	未退化草地 Undegraded alpine meadow	退化草地 Degraded alpine meadow
矮生忍冬 Lanicera minuta	10.40±3.16	16.34±6.76
车前草 Plantago major	—	5.59±0.00
臭蒿 Artemisia hedinii	—	6.04±0.00
独活 Heracleum millefolium	—	10.09±4.47
独一味 Lamiophlomis rotata	8.26±2.46	—
多裂委陵菜 Potentilla multifida	4.91±3.08	7.77±2.18
甘青大戟 Euphorbia micractina	4.48±0.91	9.08±3.06
高山嵩草 Kobresia pygmaea	47.58±10.16	41.97±17.73
高山唐松草 Thalictrum alpinum	—	12.16±11.25
海乳草 Glaux maritima	—	5.54±0.00
黄芪 Astragalus tanguticus	7.28±0.00	11.23±3.80
火绒草 Leontopodium leontopodioides	6.43±2.95	7.65±4.86
黄花棘豆 Oxytropis ochrocephala	8.52±4.65	9.05±5.17
赖草 Leymus secalinus	8.82±0.00	7.67±0.39
兰石草 Lancea tibetica	—	9.45±5.38
麻花艽 Gentiana straminea	6.87±1.60	10.23±3.07
美丽风毛菊 Saussurea superba	8.88±6.37	7.51±0.00
蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	4.30±1.48	3.18±0.96
青藏龙胆 Gentiana futtereri	6.74±2.49	8.79±2.11
狮牙风毛菊 Saussurea leontodontoides	7.33±0.00	—
苔草 Carex spp.	—	11.35±0.00
兔耳草 Lagotis brevituba	7.13±5.32	7.76±0.58
细叶亚菊 Ajania tenuifolia	9.22±2.62	16.69±6.71
星状风毛菊 Saussurea stella	8.16±2.07	—
雪灵芝 Arenaria kansuensis Maxim.	4.26±1.86	11.72±8.91
重冠紫菀 Aster diplostephioides	14.17±7.38	16.19±12.82
紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea	21.35±4.83	19.47±4.39
植被盖度 Vegetation cover/%	87	72
物种数 Species	7.26±1.24a	6.18±1.24b
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass/(g∙m^-2)	69.01±25.75a	59.86±26.52b

环境因子 Environmental Factors	变量 Variables	未退化草甸 Undegraded	退化草甸 Degraded
土壤参数 Edaphic parameters	w_(TN)/%	69.06±8.99a	58.01±11.91b
	w_(NH4+-N)/(mg∙kg^-1)	45.02±13.77a	45.94±7.19a
	w_(NO3--N)/(mg∙kg^-1)	136.21±27.95a	132.91±38.50a
	w_(OM)/%	10.60±2.39a	6.85±2.02b
	土壤含水量 w_(SM)/%	26.43±7.42a	24.79±4.73a
	土壤电导率 EC/(μS∙cm^-1)	0.23±0.19a	0.13±0.11b
	pH	6.33±0.13b	7.44±0.28a

环境因子 Environmental Factors	变量 Variables	未退化草甸 Undegraded	退化草甸 Degraded
土壤参数 Edaphic parameters	w_(TN)/%	69.06±8.99a	58.01±11.91b
	w_(NH4+-N)/(mg∙kg^-1)	45.02±13.77a	45.94±7.19a
	w_(NO3--N)/(mg∙kg^-1)	136.21±27.95a	132.91±38.50a
	w_(OM)/%	10.60±2.39a	6.85±2.02b
	土壤含水量 w_(SM)/%	26.43±7.42a	24.79±4.73a
	土壤电导率 EC/(μS∙cm^-1)	0.23±0.19a	0.13±0.11b
	pH	6.33±0.13b	7.44±0.28a

皮尔森相关性 Pearson	未退化草甸 Undegraded alpine meadow			退化草甸 Degraded alpine meadow
皮尔森相关性 Pearson	香农指数 Shannon Index	辛普森指数 Simpson Index	丰富度指数 Observed Richness	香农指数 Shannon Index	辛普森指数 Simpson Index	丰富度指数 Observed Richness
总氮含量 TN	0.018	0.159	-0.097	-0.120	-0.095	-0.196
铵态氮含量 NH₄⁺-N	-0.113	-0.247*	-0.066	0.056	0.096	0.055
硝态氮含量 NO₃^--N	0.060	-0.007	0.059	-0.003	0.056	0.021
有机质含量 OM	-0.137	-0.037	-0.141	0.091	-0.065	0.086
土壤含水量 SM	0.030	-0.130	0.082	0.145	0.048	0.203
土壤电导率 EC	0.219	0.174	0.195	-0.197	-0.071	-0.243*
pH	-0.197	-0.202	-0.137	0.085	0.035	0.148

三江源区高寒退化草甸土壤细菌多样性的对比研究

Comparative Study on Soil Bacterial Diversity of Degraded Alpine Meadow in the Sanjiangyuan Region

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不相似性检验 Dissimilarity test		细菌群落 Bacterial community
不相似性检验 Dissimilarity test		Bray Curtis	Jaccard
未退化草甸vs退化草甸 Undegraded vs Degraded	MRPP	0.460***	0.653***
	ANOSIM	0.365***	0.426***
	PERMANOVA	19.684***	7.466***

环境因子 Environmental factors	BC		JC
环境因子 Environmental factors	r	P	r	P
总氮含量 TN	0.112**	0.006	0.114**	0.002
铵态氮含量 NH₄⁺-N	-0.068	0.951	-0.057	0.943
硝态氮含量 NO₃^--N	0.120**	0.010	0.075*	0.021
有机质含量 OM	0.137**	0.005	0.131***	0.001
pH	0.319***	0.001	0.362***	0.001
土壤含水量 SM	-0.073	0.988	-0.068	0.988
土壤电导率 EC	-0.028	0.699	-0.012	0.604

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