黄河源不同区域退化高寒草甸土壤养分空间变异研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.004

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 1968-1975.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.004

黄河源不同区域退化高寒草甸土壤养分空间变异研究

徐文印(), 张宇鹏, 段成伟, 柴瑜, 宋娴, 李希来^*()

青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2021-05-06 出版日期:2021-10-18 发布日期:2021-12-21
通讯作者: * 李希来（1964年生）男,教授,博士,主要从事草地生态与环境保护研究。E-mail: xilai- li@163.com
作者简介:徐文印（1997年生）,男,硕士研究生,主要从事草地生态与环境保护研究。E-mail: 1471021383@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31872999);三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-08);青海省科学技术厅项目(2020-ZJ-904);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(D18013);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R62)

Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrients in Degraded Alpine Meadows in Different Regions of the Yellow River

XU Wenyin(), ZHANG Yupeng, DUAN Chengwei, CHAI Yu, SONG Xian, LI Xilai^*()

College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Received:2021-05-06 Online:2021-10-18 Published:2021-12-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究黄河源退化高寒草地土壤养分垂直空间变异,为黄河源退化草地治理提供参考。在黄河源选取短暂季节性冻土区（河南县多松乡）、较长季节性冻土区（玛沁县大武镇）、多年冻土区（玛多县花石峡镇）3个高寒草甸样区,每个样区选取3个小流域采集原状土层土壤样品并测定养分含量。结果表明：（1）短暂季节性冻土区、较长季节性冻土区和多年冻土区土层厚度分别为 (151.67±14.43)、(155.33±5.03) 和 (88.33±7.37) cm;（2）草地退化后,除短暂季节性冻土区0—20 cm土壤pH升高,其他区域变化不明显;（3）土壤有机质含量随着草地退化而显著降低,短暂季节性冻土区降低减少程度最明显,因此,保护短暂季节性冻土区草地更有利于碳积累和碳汇功能提升;（4）土壤碱解氮含量随土层深度加深和海拔升高而逐渐减少,短暂季节性冻土区、较长季节性冻土区和多年冻土区未退化草地0—20 cm土壤碱解氮含量分别是退化草地的1.58、1.11、1.15倍,铵态氮与硝态氮含量分布规律不明显;（5）短暂季节性冻土区草地退化后土壤速效磷含量有所增加,较长季节性冻土区未退化草地表层土壤中速效磷含量较退化草地表层土壤高,多年冻土区草地退化区域土层中土壤速效磷含量较未退化区域高;（6）随着土层深度增加土壤速效钾含量逐渐减少,同一土层中土壤速效钾含量变化规律表现为短暂季节性冻土区>较长季节性冻土区>多年冻土区。短暂季节性冻土区、较长季节性冻土区和多年冻土区草地退化过程中土壤养分变异特征有所不同,其中有机质含量对草地退化的敏感度最高。因此,在黄河源高寒草地生态修复中应首先治理短暂季节性冻土区的退化高寒草甸。

关键词: 黄河源, 草地退化, 土壤养分, 变异特征, 冻土区, 高寒草甸

Abstract:

exposing the vertical spatial variation of soil nutrients in degraded alpine grassland in the area of the headstream of Yellow River can provide more information about ecological managements of degraded grassland in different regions of the source of the Yellow River. This study mainly focused on three different typical sample area of alpine meadows: transient seasonally frozen soil areas (Dosong, Henan), longer seasonally frozen soil areas (Dawu, Maqin), and permafrost areas (Huashixia, Maduo), in each sample area, 3 small watersheds were selected to collect soil samples of the undisturbed soil layer and determine the nutrient content. This research revealed that, (1) the thickness of soil layer in the transient seasonal permafrost region, longer seasonal permafrost region and permafrost region was (151.67±14.43) cm, (155.33±5.03) cm and (88.33±7.37) cm, respectively. (2) After degrading, the soil pH of 0-20 cm increased in the transient seasonal frozen soil area, the rest had no obviously change. (3) Soil organic matter content decreased significantly with grassland degradation level, and the most sharp decline was in the transient seasonal permafrost region. Therefore, protecting the grassland in the transient seasonal permafrost region has more efficiency to improve of carbon accumulation and carbon sink function. (4) The content of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen decreased gradually with the increase of soil depth and altitude. The content of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen in 0-20 cm soil of non-degraded grassland, the transient seasonal permafrost region, the longer seasonal permafrost region and permafrost region was 1.58, 1.11 and 1.15 times higher than that in the degraded grassland, respectively. The distribution of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen was non-significant. (5) Soil available phosphorus increased with the transient seasonal permafrost region, the content of soil available phosphorus in the surface soil of the non-degraded grassland in the longer seasonal permafrost region was higher than that in the non-degraded grassland, and the content of soil available phosphorus in the degraded grassland in the permafrost region was higher than that in the non-degraded grassland. The variation of soil nutrition characteristics in the process of grassland degradation are different in transient seasonal permafrost region, longer altitude seasonal permafrost region and permafrost region, what’s more the organic matter content is more sensitive with the grassland degradation. Therefore, the ecological environment of alpine grasslands in the source of the Yellow River in the restoration process, the degraded alpine meadow in the transient seasonal permafrost region should be taken into consideration firstly.

Key words: the source region of the Yellow River, grassland degradation, soil nutrient, variation characteristics, permafrost, alpine meadow

中图分类号:

S153.6

徐文印, 张宇鹏, 段成伟, 柴瑜, 宋娴, 李希来. 黄河源不同区域退化高寒草甸土壤养分空间变异研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(10): 1968-1975.

XU Wenyin, ZHANG Yupeng, DUAN Chengwei, CHAI Yu, SONG Xian, LI Xilai. Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrients in Degraded Alpine Meadows in Different Regions of the Yellow River[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(10): 1968-1975.

图/表 9

图1 研究区域分布图

Fig. 1 Study area in the map

表1 不同区域土层深度

Table 1 Soil depth in different regions

类型 Type	样地 Sample plot	土层深度 Soil depth/cm
短暂季节性冻土区 Transient seasonal permafrost region	河南县多松乡 Duosong Township, Henan County	151.67±14.43a
较长季节性冻土区 Longer seasonal permafrost region	玛沁县大武镇 Dawu Town, Maqin County	155.33±5.03a
多年冻土区 Permafrost region	玛多县花石峡镇 Huashixia Town, Maduo County	88.33±7.37b

图2 不同区域土壤pH

Fig. 2 Soil pH in different regions

图3 不同区域土壤有机质质量分数河南县多松乡（A）;玛沁县大武镇（B）;玛多县花石峡镇（C）。小写字母表示同一采样区域不同分层指标差异性,不同字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）。下同

Fig. 3 Mass fraction of soil organic matter in different regions Duosong Township, Henan County (A); Dawu Town,Maqin County (B); Huashixia Town, Maduo County (C). Lowercase letters indicate the differences of different stratification indicators in the same sampling area, and different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05). The same below

图4 不同区域土壤碱解氮质量分数

Fig. 4 Mass fraction of soil alkaline nitrogen in different regions

图5 不同区域土壤硝态氮质量分数

Fig. 5 Mass fraction of soil nitrate nitrogen in different regions

图6 不同区域土壤铵态氮质量分数

Fig. 6 Mass fraction of soil ammonium nitrogen in different regions

图7 不同区域土壤速效磷质量分数

Fig. 7 Mass fraction of soil available phosphorus in different regions

图8 不同区域土壤速效钾质量分数

Fig. 8 Mass fraction of soil available potassium in different regions

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黄河源不同区域退化高寒草甸土壤养分空间变异研究

Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrients in Degraded Alpine Meadows in Different Regions of the Yellow River

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