黄河源植被覆盖度变化及空间分布自然驱动力分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.001

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 429-439.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.001

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

黄河源植被覆盖度变化及空间分布自然驱动力分析

高思琦¹^,²(), 董国涛²^,³^,^*(), 蒋晓辉¹, 聂桐¹^,², 郭欣伟², 党素珍², 李心宇¹, 李昊洋¹

1.西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西西安 710127
2.黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州 450003
3.黑河水资源与生态保护研究中心,甘肃兰州 730030

收稿日期:2021-10-19 出版日期:2022-03-18 发布日期:2022-05-25
通讯作者: *董国涛（1982年生）,男,正高级工程师,博士,研究方向为水文水资源遥感。E-mail: dongguotao@hhglj yrcc.gov.cn
作者简介:高思琦（1998年生）,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为社会水文学。E-mail: siqigao@stumail.nwu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51779099);国家自然科学基金项目(51779209);国家自然科学基金项目(51909099);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402400)

Analysis of Vegetation Coverage Changes and Natural Driving Forces of Spatial Distribution in the Source Region of the Yellow River

GAO Siqi¹^,²(), DONG Guotao²^,³^,^*(), JIANG Xiaohui¹, NIE Tong¹^,², GUO Xinwei², DANG Suzhen², LI Xinyu¹, LI Haoyang¹

1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
2. Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou, 450003, P. R. China
3. Heihe Water Resources and Ecological Protection Research Center, Lanzhou, 730030, P. R. China

Received:2021-10-19 Online:2022-03-18 Published:2022-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

归一化植被指数（NDVI）可以有效地反映地表植被的生长状况,研究植被NDVI空间分布的驱动因素有助于区域生态环境保护。该研究基于2000—2018年黄河源区MODIS-NDVI数据和同时期8种自然因子数据,运用趋势分析法分析黄河源区植被NDVI时空变化特征,并利用地理探测器分析其空间分布的自然驱动因子。研究表明,黄河源区植被覆盖总体较高,2018年区域内74%的面积NDVI大于0.6。NDVI分布特点为东南高西北低,变化格局为北部增加,中部减少。2000—2018年NDVI均值总体上呈增加趋势,但变化趋势不明显,增长率为0.013/10 a;除高植被覆盖区面积增加外,其他等级植被覆盖区面积均减小。年降水量对NDVI空间分布的影响力最大,达到0.602;高程影响力为0.385,年均温影响力为0.296,也很好地解释了黄河源区的植被覆盖状况;其他自然因子对NDVI空间分布的影响力较小。自然因子对植被NDVI的影响呈现相互增强和非线性增强关系,使地貌类型、坡度及坡向等影响较小的单因子对植被NDVI也有了较大的影响,其中,年降水量与其他因子之间的交互作用的影响力普遍较高,年降水量与海拔的交互作用影响力最大,达到0.682。研究表明,2000—2018年黄河源植被覆盖度呈不显著增加,年降水量是影响植被NDVI空间分布的主导因子,自然因子对植被NDVI的影响具有交互作用。该研究有助于更好地认识黄河源区植被覆盖情况以及植被空间分布的影响机制。

关键词: 植被NDVI, 自然因子, 驱动力, 地理探测器, 黄河源

Abstract:

The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) can effectively reflect the growth of surface vegetation. Studying the driving factors of the spatial distribution of the NDVI is helpful for regional ecological environment protection. Based on the MODIS-NDVI data and the data of eight natural factors in the source region of the Yellow River during 2000-2018, this study used trend analyses to examine the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the NDVI in the source region of the Yellow River. The spatial heterogeneity and natural driving factors were analyzed by geographical detectors. The study showed that the overall vegetation coverage in the source region of the Yellow River was high. In 2018, the NDVI of 74% of the area was greater than 0.6. The NDVI was comparatively high in the southeast and low in the northwest, and showed an increase in the north and a decrease in the middle. The mean NDVI value had generally increased during 2000-2018, although the trend was not obvious, and the growth rate was 0.013/10 a. Except for the increase in the area of high vegetation coverage, the area of other grades of vegetation coverage decreased. The influence of annual precipitation on the spatial distribution of NDVI was the largest, reaching 0.602. In addition, the influence of elevation was 0.385 and the influence of average annual temperature was 0.296, reflecting the vegetation coverage condition in the source region of the Yellow River. The influence of other natural factors was comparatively smaller. The influence of natural factors on vegetation NDVI showed bivariate enhancement and nonlinear enhancement relationships, so that single factors with smaller impact, such as landform type, slope, and aspect, also had a great influence on vegetation NDVI. The influence of the interaction between annual precipitation and other factors was generally high. In particular, the influence of the interaction between annual precipitation and elevation was the greatest, reaching 0.682. This study showed that the vegetation coverage of the source region of the Yellow River had not increased significantly during 2000-2018. The annual precipitation was a dominant factor affecting the spatial distribution of the NDVI, and the influence of natural factors on vegetation NDVI was interactive. This study contributes to a better understanding of the vegetation coverage in the source region of the Yellow River and the influencing mechanism of vegetation growth.

Key words: vegetation NDVI, natural factors, driving forces, geographical detector, source region of the Yellow River

中图分类号:

Q948
X17

高思琦, 董国涛, 蒋晓辉, 聂桐, 郭欣伟, 党素珍, 李心宇, 李昊洋. 黄河源植被覆盖度变化及空间分布自然驱动力分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(3): 429-439.

GAO Siqi, DONG Guotao, JIANG Xiaohui, NIE Tong, GUO Xinwei, DANG Suzhen, LI Xinyu, LI Haoyang. Analysis of Vegetation Coverage Changes and Natural Driving Forces of Spatial Distribution in the Source Region of the Yellow River[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(3): 429-439.

图/表 13

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探测因子 Detection factor	指标 Index	单位 Unit
X₁	坡度	°
X₂	坡向	°
X₃	高程	m
X₄	土壤类型	—
X₅	植被类型	—
X₆	地貌类型	—
X₇	年均温	℃
X₈	年降水量	mm

探测因子 Detection factor	指标 Index	单位 Unit
X₁	坡度	°
X₂	坡向	°
X₃	高程	m
X₄	土壤类型	—
X₅	植被类型	—
X₆	地貌类型	—
X₇	年均温	℃
X₈	年降水量	mm

依据 Foundation	交互作用 Interaction
q(X₁∩X₂)<Min[q(X₁), q(X₂)]	非线性减弱
Min[q(X₁), q(X₂)<q(X₁∩X₂)]<Max[q(X₁), q(X₂)]	单因子非线性减弱
q(X₁∩X₂)>Max[q(X₁), q(X₂)]	相互增强
q(X₁∩X₂)=q(X₁)+q(X₂)	独立
q(X₁∩X₂)>q(X₁)+q(X₂)	非线性增强

依据 Foundation	交互作用 Interaction
q(X₁∩X₂)<Min[q(X₁), q(X₂)]	非线性减弱
Min[q(X₁), q(X₂)<q(X₁∩X₂)]<Max[q(X₁), q(X₂)]	单因子非线性减弱
q(X₁∩X₂)>Max[q(X₁), q(X₂)]	相互增强
q(X₁∩X₂)=q(X₁)+q(X₂)	独立
q(X₁∩X₂)>q(X₁)+q(X₂)	非线性增强

NDVI等级 NDVI Grade	年份 Year
	2000		2018		2000-2018
	面积 Area/km²	占比 Proportion/%	面积 Area/km²	占比 Proportion/%	面积变化 Area change/km²	占比 Proportion/%
0-0.2	2610.65	1.96	1382.25	1.04	-1228.40	-0.92
0.2-0.4	17575.60	13.17	10410.69	7.80	-7164.91	-5.37
0.4-0.6	28242.58	21.17	23046.23	17.27	-5196.35	-3.90
0.6-0.8	58225.76	43.64	53443.03	40.05	-4782.73	-3.59
0.8-1.0	26781.55	20.07	45153.94	33.84	18372.39	13.77

黄河源植被覆盖度变化及空间分布自然驱动力分析

Analysis of Vegetation Coverage Changes and Natural Driving Forces of Spatial Distribution in the Source Region of the Yellow River

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参考文献 53

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变化趋势 Change trend	斜率 Gradient	面积 Area/km²	比例 Proportion/%
显著减少 Significant reduction	-0.0421- -0.0137	628.86	0.47
中度减少 Moderate reduction	-0.0137- -0.0032	2933.92	2.19
轻微减少 Slight reduction	-0.0032- -0.0004	22992.65	17.20
基本不变 Basically unchanged	-0.0004-0.0013	42087.69	31.48
轻微增加 Slight increase	0.0013-0.0031	37350.13	27.94
中度增加 Moderate increase	0.0031-0.0056	21539.16	16.11
显著增加 Significant increase	0.0056-0.0225	6158.91	4.61

自然因子Natural factors	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈
q值 q value	0.073	0.059	0.385	0.139	0.218	0.061	0.296	0.602
p值 p value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

自然因子 Natural factors	植被NDVI适宜范围或类型 Appropriate range or type of NDVI	NDVI
坡度 Slope/(°)	25-35	0.739
坡向 Aspect/(°)	292.5-337.5	0.700
高程 Elevation/m	3578—3787	0.822
土壤类型 Soil type	半水成土	0.812
植被类型 Vegetation type	沼泽植被	0.821
地貌类型 Topographic type	中起伏山地	0.740
年均温 Average annual temperature/℃	3.45-4.48	0.814
年降水量 Annual precipitation/mm	899-996	0.817

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因子 Factors		X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆		X₇
X₁		0.073
X₂		0.126	0.059
X₃		0.502	0.447	0.385
X₄		0.204	0.152	0.494	0.139
X₅		0.260	0.228	0.514	0.272	0.218
X₆		0.117	0.124	0.566	0.219	0.266	0.061
X₇		0.350	0.346	0.507	0.425	0.457	0.371		0.296
X₈	0.623	0.631	0.682	0.656	0.673	0.628		0.637		0.602

因子 Factors		X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆		X₇
X₁		0.073
X₂		0.126	0.059
X₃		0.502	0.447	0.385
X₄		0.204	0.152	0.494	0.139
X₅		0.260	0.228	0.514	0.272	0.218
X₆		0.117	0.124	0.566	0.219	0.266	0.061
X₇		0.350	0.346	0.507	0.425	0.457	0.371		0.296
X₈	0.623	0.631	0.682	0.656	0.673	0.628		0.637		0.602