放牧强度对短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落组成及种间关系的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.003

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 1961-1967.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.003

所属专题：生物多样性专题汇编

放牧强度对短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落组成及种间关系的影响

王琪¹(), 张峰¹, 赵萌莉¹, 张新宇², 张军²^,^*()

1.内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010010
2.内蒙古农业大学理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010010

收稿日期:2021-01-14 出版日期:2021-10-18 发布日期:2021-12-21
通讯作者: * 张军（1980年生）,男,副教授,硕士研究生导师,主要从事草地生态学。E-mail: zj325328333@163.com
作者简介:王琪（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为草地生态学。E-mail: wangqi18247415901@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32160332);国家自然科学基金项目(31861143001);内蒙古自治区重点项目(2019ZD008)

Effects of Grazing Intensity Community Composition and Inter-species Relationships of Stipa breviflora Desert Steppe, Inner Mongolia, China

WANG Qi¹(), ZHANG Feng¹, ZHAO Mengli¹, ZHANG Xinyu², ZHANG Jun²^,^*()

1. College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
2. College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China

Received:2021-01-14 Online:2021-10-18 Published:2021-12-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究不同放牧强度对短花针茅荒漠草原群落植物组成以及种间关系的影响,可为短花针茅荒漠草原制定合理科学的放牧制度提供理论依据。将短花针茅荒漠草原作为研究对象,以围封为对照（CK）,设置轻度（LG）、中度（MG）及重度放牧（HG）处理进行植物群落调查,对总体关联指数（VR）和种间联结系数进行分析,结果表明：（1）CK、LG、MG和HG样地中物种数分别为39、34、32、25,表明植物物种数随放牧强度增加而减少;（2）CK和LG的VR指数小于1,MG和HG的VR指数大于1,围封和轻度放牧处理下植物群落整体呈负关联,表现为竞争关系,中度放牧和重度放牧处理下群落整体呈正关联,表现为亲和关系;（3）短花针茅 (Stipa breviflora)-无芒隐子草 (Cleistogenes songorica)、冷蒿 (Artemisia frigida)-银灰旋花（Convolvulus ammannii）在CK样地中呈正关联,在MG样地中呈负关联,在LG、HG样地中无关联;无芒隐子草-木地肤（Kochia prostrata）在CK样地中呈负关联,在MG、HG样地中呈正关联,在LG样地中无关联;短花针茅-木地肤、无芒隐子草-银灰旋花在MG样地中呈正关联,在CK、LG及HG样地中无关联,说明中度放牧可以使物种间的关系由负关联转变为正关联,也可使物种间的关系由正关联转变为负关联。该文可为短花针茅荒漠草原种间竞争、群落稳定性以及生态位的研究提供重要参考。

关键词: 放牧强度, 短花针茅, 荒漠草原, 群落组成, 种间关联, 总体关联指数

Abstract:

We conducted an experiment to study the effects of different grazing intensities on the community plant composition and interspecific relationships in the Stipa breviflora desert steppe, providing a reasonable and scientific theoretical basis. In this study, we took enclosure (CK) as control and set different grazing treatments (light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG) and heavy grazing (HG)) to analyze the plant community, variance ration (VR) and inter-species association coefficient, and the results showed that, species number in the CK, LG, MG, and HG treatments were 39, 34, 32, and 25, respectively, indicating that plant species number decreased with the increase of grazing intensity. Besides, variance ration in CK and LG was less than 1, while it was more than 1 in MG and HG. Further, the whole plant community was negatively correlated in CK and LG, showing a competitive relationship, while the whole plant community was positively correlated in MG and HG, showing an affinity relationship. Importantly, there had a positive association between Stipa breviflora and Cleistogenes songorica and between Artemisia frigida and Convolvulus ammannii in CK, but showed a negative correlation in MG. Likewise, there had a negative correlation between Cleistogenes songorica and Kochia prostrata in CK, but had a positive association in MG and HG. However, it had a positive association between Stipa breviflora and Kochia prostrata and between Cleistogenes songorica and Convolvulus ammannii in MG, indicating that moderate grazing could change the inter-species relationship from negative to positive association, and the opposite as the same. Finally, this study could provide important reference for the study of interspecific competition, community stability and ecological niche in the Stipa breviflora desert steppe.

Key words: grazing intensity, Stipa breviflora, desert steppe, community composition, inter-species relationships, variance ration (VR)

中图分类号:

S812.29
X172

王琪, 张峰, 赵萌莉, 张新宇, 张军. 放牧强度对短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落组成及种间关系的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(10): 1961-1967.

WANG Qi, ZHANG Feng, ZHAO Mengli, ZHANG Xinyu, ZHANG Jun. Effects of Grazing Intensity Community Composition and Inter-species Relationships of Stipa breviflora Desert Steppe, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(10): 1961-1967.

图/表 5

图1 试验地设计示意图

Fig. 1 The schematic diagram of test site design

表1 两个物种存在与否的2×2列联表

Table 1 Contingency table of existence of two populations

		种B Population B
		出现的样方数 Sample numbers of appearance	不出现的样方数 Sample numbers of non-appearance
种A Population A	出现的样方数 Sample numbers of appearance	a	b	a+b
	不出现的样方数 Sample numbers of non-appearance	c	d	c+d
		a+c	b+d	a+b+c+d

表2 不同放牧强度内植物种群存在状况

Table 2 Existence conditions of plant populations under grazing intensity

植物种群 Plant popolation	处理 Treatment
植物种群 Plant popolation	CK	LG	MG	HG
短花针茅 Stipa breviflora	√	√	√	√
克氏针茅 Stipa krylovii	√	√	√	×
无芒隐子草 Cleistogenes songorica	√	√	√	√
冷蒿 Artemisia frigida	√	√	√	×
银灰旋花 Convolvulus ammannii	√	√	√	√
大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana	√	√	√	×
猪毛菜 Salsola collina	√	√	×	×
糙隐子草 Cleistogenes squarrosa	√	√	√	×
冰草 Agropyron cristatum	√	√	√	√
羊草 Leymus chinensis	√	√	√	×
狭叶锦鸡儿 Caragana stenophylla	√	√	√	√
小叶锦鸡儿 Caragana microphylla	√	√	√	√
木地肤 Kochia prostrata	√	√	√	√
驼绒藜 Ceratoides latens	√	√	×	×
兔唇花 Lagochilus ilicifolius	√	√	×	√
蓖齿蒿/桎叶蒿 Neopallasia pectinata	√	√	√	×
寸草苔 Carex duriuscula	√	√	√	√
阿尔泰狗娃花 Heteropappus altaicus	√	√	√	√
大苞鸢尾 Iris bungei	√	√	√	×
草芸香 Ruta graveolens	×	√	×	×
扁蓿豆 Melissitus ruthenicus	√	×	×	×
兴安天门冬 Asparagus dauricus	√	×	×	×
二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	√	√	√	√
菊叶委陵菜 Potentilla tanacetifolia	×	√	√	√
乳白花黄芪 Astragalus galactites	√	√	√	√
糙叶黄芪 Astragalus scaberrimus	√	×	√	×
多根葱 Allium polyrhizum	√	√	√	×
野韭 Allium ramosum	√	√	√	×
双齿葱 Allium bidentatum	√	√	√	√
细叶葱 Allium tenuissimum	√	√	√	√
细叶鸢尾 Iris tenuifolia	×	×	√	×
糙苏 Phlomis umbrosa	√	√	√	√
地锦 Parthenocissus tricuspidata	√	√	√	√
少花米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia verna	√	×	√	√
达乌里芯芭 Cymbaria dahurica	√	√	×	×
砂珍棘豆 Oxytropis psamocharis	√	×	×	√
鹤虱Carpesium abrotanoides	√	√	√	√
刺穗藜 Dysphania aristata	√	√	√	√
灰绿藜 Chenopodium glaucum	√	√	√	√
唐松草 Thalictrum aquilegiifolium	√	×	×	×
黄蒿 Artemisia annua	√	√	√	√
山莓草 Sibbaldia procumbens	×	×	×	√
燥原荠 Ptilotricum canescens	√	×	×	√

表2 不同放牧强度内植物种群存在状况

Table 2 Existence conditions of plant populations under grazing intensity

植物种群 Plant popolation	处理 Treatment
植物种群 Plant popolation	CK	LG	MG	HG
短花针茅 Stipa breviflora	√	√	√	√
克氏针茅 Stipa krylovii	√	√	√	×
无芒隐子草 Cleistogenes songorica	√	√	√	√
冷蒿 Artemisia frigida	√	√	√	×
银灰旋花 Convolvulus ammannii	√	√	√	√
大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana	√	√	√	×
猪毛菜 Salsola collina	√	√	×	×
糙隐子草 Cleistogenes squarrosa	√	√	√	×
冰草 Agropyron cristatum	√	√	√	√
羊草 Leymus chinensis	√	√	√	×
狭叶锦鸡儿 Caragana stenophylla	√	√	√	√
小叶锦鸡儿 Caragana microphylla	√	√	√	√
木地肤 Kochia prostrata	√	√	√	√
驼绒藜 Ceratoides latens	√	√	×	×
兔唇花 Lagochilus ilicifolius	√	√	×	√
蓖齿蒿/桎叶蒿 Neopallasia pectinata	√	√	√	×
寸草苔 Carex duriuscula	√	√	√	√
阿尔泰狗娃花 Heteropappus altaicus	√	√	√	√
大苞鸢尾 Iris bungei	√	√	√	×
草芸香 Ruta graveolens	×	√	×	×
扁蓿豆 Melissitus ruthenicus	√	×	×	×
兴安天门冬 Asparagus dauricus	√	×	×	×
二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	√	√	√	√
菊叶委陵菜 Potentilla tanacetifolia	×	√	√	√
乳白花黄芪 Astragalus galactites	√	√	√	√
糙叶黄芪 Astragalus scaberrimus	√	×	√	×
多根葱 Allium polyrhizum	√	√	√	×
野韭 Allium ramosum	√	√	√	×
双齿葱 Allium bidentatum	√	√	√	√
细叶葱 Allium tenuissimum	√	√	√	√
细叶鸢尾 Iris tenuifolia	×	×	√	×
糙苏 Phlomis umbrosa	√	√	√	√
地锦 Parthenocissus tricuspidata	√	√	√	√
少花米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia verna	√	×	√	√
达乌里芯芭 Cymbaria dahurica	√	√	×	×
砂珍棘豆 Oxytropis psamocharis	√	×	×	√
鹤虱Carpesium abrotanoides	√	√	√	√
刺穗藜 Dysphania aristata	√	√	√	√
灰绿藜 Chenopodium glaucum	√	√	√	√
唐松草 Thalictrum aquilegiifolium	√	×	×	×
黄蒿 Artemisia annua	√	√	√	√
山莓草 Sibbaldia procumbens	×	×	×	√
燥原荠 Ptilotricum canescens	√	×	×	√

表3 植物种群总体关联性

Table 3 Overall association of plant populations

处理 Treatment	总体参数 The overall parameters		总体关联性 Overall association VR
处理 Treatment	物种数方差 Specie numbers variance $S T 2$	频度方差 Frequency variance $σ T 2$	总体关联性 Overall association VR
CK	2.95	3.07	0.96
LG	2.33	2.61	0.89
MG	2.03	1.70	1.19
HG	0.92	0.75	1.22

表3 植物种群总体关联性

Table 3 Overall association of plant populations

处理 Treatment	总体参数 The overall parameters		总体关联性 Overall association VR
处理 Treatment	物种数方差 Specie numbers variance $S T 2$	频度方差 Frequency variance $σ T 2$	总体关联性 Overall association VR
CK	2.95	3.07	0.96
LG	2.33	2.61	0.89
MG	2.03	1.70	1.19
HG	0.92	0.75	1.22

图2 种间关联半矩阵图 “■”表示极显著正关联,P≤0.01;“●”表示显著正关联,0.01<P≤0.05; “▲”表示存在正关联,0.05<P≤0.50;“□”表示极显著负关联,P≤0.01;“○”表示显著负关联,0.01<P≤0.05; “△”表示存在负关联,0.05<P≤0.50 1：短花针茅;2：无芒隐子草;3：冷蒿;4：银灰旋花;5：狭叶锦鸡儿;6：木地肤;7：寸草苔;8：二裂委陵;菜9：细叶葱;10：地锦;11：鹤虱;12：刺穗藜;13：灰绿藜;14：黄蒿

Fig. 2 Half matrix of inter-specific correlation “■” represents a extremely significant positive correlation, P≤0.01; “●”represents a significant positive correlation, 0.01<P≤0.05;“▲”represents positive correlation, 0.05<P≤0.50; “□” represents a extremely significant negative correlation, P≤0.01; “○” represents a significant negative correlation, 0.01<P≤0.05; “△” represents negative correlation, 0.05<P≤0.50. 1: Stipa breviflora; 2: Cleistogenes songorica; 3: Artemisia frigida; 4: Convolvulus ammannii; 5: Caragana stenophylla; 6: Kochia prostrata; 7: Carex duriuscula; 8: Potentilla bifurca; 9: Allium tenuissimum; 10: Parthenocissus tricuspidata; 11: Carpesium abrotanoides L; 12: Dysphania aristata; 13: Chenopodium glaucum; 14: Artemisia annua n=150

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放牧强度对短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落组成及种间关系的影响

Effects of Grazing Intensity Community Composition and Inter-species Relationships of Stipa breviflora Desert Steppe, Inner Mongolia, China

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