韶关市花岗岩地区森林土壤重金属污染评价

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.016

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 354-362.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.016

韶关市花岗岩地区森林土壤重金属污染评价

余斐¹(), 叶彩红¹^,², 许窕孜¹^,², 张中瑞¹, 朱航勇¹, 张耕¹, 华雷², 邓鉴锋¹, 丁晓纲¹^,^*()

1.广东省林业科学研究院/广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室,广东广州 510520
2.华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广东广州 510642

收稿日期:2021-08-05 出版日期:2022-02-18 发布日期:2022-04-14
通讯作者: *丁晓纲（1978年生）,男,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事森林理学研究。E-mail: 27267152@qq.com
作者简介:余斐（1991年生）,女,博士,研究方向为森林培育与栽培生理生态。E-mail: fishing_ok@163.com
基金资助:
广东省省级财政专项资金“林地土壤调查”(2020年—2022年);广东省林业科技计划项目(2019-07);广东省省级生态公益林效益补偿资金省统筹经费项目(2021年)

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Woodland Soil of Granite Area in Shaoguan City

YU Fei¹(), YE Caihong¹^,², XU Tiaozi¹^,², ZHANG Zhongrui¹, ZHU Hangyong¹, ZHANG Geng¹, HUA Lei², DENG Jianfeng¹, DING Xiaogang¹^,^*()

1. Guangdong Academy of Forestry/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou, 510520, P. R. China
2. South China Agricultural University, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China.

Received:2021-08-05 Online:2022-02-18 Published:2022-04-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究韶关市花岗岩地区森林土壤重金属的含量分布特征并对其污染程度进行评价,探讨花岗岩地区森林土壤重金属含量的主要影响因素。以韶关市花岗岩地区森林土壤为研究对象,测定223个样地的铬、铜、铅、汞4种重金属元素含量,利用单项、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对研究区森林土壤重金属的污染程度和潜在生态风险进行评价,利用非参数单样本检验分析和相关性分析找出主要影响因素。4种元素的单项污染指数均小于1,污染等级为非污染;内梅罗综合污染指数小于0.7,污染等级为清洁;综合潜在生态风险指数小于150,潜在生态风险等级为轻微。森林土壤重金属受母质层（80—100 cm）、土壤养分这两种因素的影响,尤其受土壤养分影响最为显著。土壤有机碳可络合重金属,全氮、全磷会影响植被生长,植被通过吸附土壤中的重金属,从而影响森林土壤中重金属的含量。其次,土壤母质层也会影响森林土壤重金属的含量,尤其是铬、汞元素,受成土母质控制。该研究为花岗岩区森林土壤重金属含量分布特征及污染评价方法奠定了基础,也为花岗岩区森林土壤污染防控和区域生态安全保护提供了建议和意见。

关键词: 花岗岩, 森林土壤, 重金属, 污染评价, 土壤养分, 母质层土壤, 表层土壤

Abstract:

The study aimed to explore the distribution characteristics and main influencing factors of heavy metal content and evaluate the pollution levels in woodland soils in granite areas of south China. The contents of Cr, Cu, Pb and Hg in 223 sample plots were determined in the granite woodland soils of Shaoguan City. The degree of pollution and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in the woodland soils of the study area were evaluated by the individual pollution index, the Nemero comprehensive pollution index, and the potential ecological risk index. Non-parametric single sample test analysis and correlation analysis were used to find the main influencing factors. Individual pollution indices of the four elements were all less than 1, and the pollution level was non-pollution. The Nemero comprehensive pollution index was less than 0.7, and the pollution level was clean. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index was less than 150, and the level of potential ecological risk was slight. Heavy metals in woodland soils were affected by the parent material layer (80?100 cm) and soil nutrients, especially the latter one. Soil nutrients had a significant effect on the content of heavy metals in woodland soils. Soil organic carbon could chelate heavy metals. Moreover, total nitrogen and total phosphorus could affect the growth of vegetation, which could further affect metals in woodland soil, particularly Cr and Hg, which were controlled by the parent material. This study laid a foundation for examining the distribution characteristics of the contents of heavy metals and developing evaluation approaches for heavy metal pollution and provided suggestions for the prevention and control of woodland soil pollution to improve regional ecological security.

Key words: granite, woodland soil, heavy metals, pollution assessment, soil nutrients, soil parent material, topsoil

中图分类号:

余斐, 叶彩红, 许窕孜, 张中瑞, 朱航勇, 张耕, 华雷, 邓鉴锋, 丁晓纲. 韶关市花岗岩地区森林土壤重金属污染评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 354-362.

YU Fei, YE Caihong, XU Tiaozi, ZHANG Zhongrui, ZHU Hangyong, ZHANG Geng, HUA Lei, DENG Jianfeng, DING Xiaogang. Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Woodland Soil of Granite Area in Shaoguan City[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(2): 354-362.

图/表 7

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统计量Statistics	铬 Cr	铜 Cu	铅 Pb	汞 Hg
最大值 Max/(mg∙kg^-1)	58.67	137.59	497.88	0.73
最小值 Min/(mg∙kg^-1)	3.00	0.00	6.14	0.03
平均值 Mean/(mg∙kg^-1)	16.92	8.96	48.79	0.15
标准差（n=223） Standard deviation (n=223) (mg∙kg^-1)	11.73	11.61	45.74	0.08
变异系数 Coefficient of variation	0.69	1.30	0.94	0.51
K-S值 Value of K-S test	0.68	1.12	1.25	0.72
显著性 Significance	0.74	0.16	0.09	0.68
土壤污染风险筛选值 Soil pollution risk screening value	150	50	70	1.3

统计量Statistics	铬 Cr	铜 Cu	铅 Pb	汞 Hg
最大值 Max/(mg∙kg^-1)	58.67	137.59	497.88	0.73
最小值 Min/(mg∙kg^-1)	3.00	0.00	6.14	0.03
平均值 Mean/(mg∙kg^-1)	16.92	8.96	48.79	0.15
标准差（n=223） Standard deviation (n=223) (mg∙kg^-1)	11.73	11.61	45.74	0.08
变异系数 Coefficient of variation	0.69	1.30	0.94	0.51
K-S值 Value of K-S test	0.68	1.12	1.25	0.72
显著性 Significance	0.74	0.16	0.09	0.68
土壤污染风险筛选值 Soil pollution risk screening value	150	50	70	1.3

重金属元素 Heavy metal elements	铬Cr	铜Cu	铅Pb	汞Hg
单项污染指数 Individual pollution index	0.11	0.18	0.70	0.12
单项污染等级 Individual pollution grade	非污染	非污染	非污染	非污染
内梅罗综合污染指数 Nemerow composite pollution index	0.27
综合污染等级 Composite pollution grade	清洁

重金属元素 Heavy metal elements	铬Cr	铜Cu	铅Pb	汞Hg
单项污染指数 Individual pollution index	0.11	0.18	0.70	0.12
单项污染等级 Individual pollution grade	非污染	非污染	非污染	非污染
内梅罗综合污染指数 Nemerow composite pollution index	0.27
综合污染等级 Composite pollution grade	清洁

重金属元素 Heavy metal elements	铬Cr	铜Cu	铅Pb	汞Hg
毒性系数 Toxic coefficient	2	5	5	40
单因子生态风险指数 Single factor ecological risk index	2.07	4.38	3.44	63.95
单项风险程度 Individual risk level	轻微生态风险	轻微生态风险	轻微生态风险	中等生态风险
综合风险指数 Composite risk index	73.84
综合风险程度 Composite risk level	轻微生态风险

韶关市花岗岩地区森林土壤重金属污染评价

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Woodland Soil of Granite Area in Shaoguan City

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